scholarly journals Metabolic Profile Characterization of Different Thyroid Nodules Using FTIR Spectroscopy: A Review

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Vanessa Neto ◽  
Sara Esteves-Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Inácio ◽  
Márcia Alves ◽  
Rosa Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Different Types

Thyroid cancer’s incidence has increased in the last decades, and its diagnosis can be a challenge. Further and complementary testing based in biochemical alterations may be important to correctly identify thyroid cancer and prevent unnecessary surgery. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a metabolomic technique that has already shown promising results in cancer metabolome analysis of neoplastic thyroid tissue, in the identification and classification of prostate tumor tissues and of breast carcinoma, among others. This work aims to gather and discuss published information on the ability of FTIR spectroscopy to be used in metabolomic studies of the thyroid, including discriminating between benign and malignant thyroid samples and grading and classifying different types of thyroid tumors.

scholarly journals A Survey of Different Types of Characterization Technique In Ultra Sonograms of the Thyroid Nodules

2012 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Nikita Singh ◽  
Alka Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Characterization Technique ◽  
Imaging Result ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Texture Characterization

Thyroid is one of the endocrine Gland. Thyroid can be classified into normal, nodule and cancers thyroid. The characterization of the thyroid tissue in digital image processing techniques offer’s the texture description and using the ultrasound images. In this paper describe the various type of feature extraction techniques characterization and classification method. The texture characterization in medical images plays an important role as it helps into characterized the type of images, directions and extracting the features. This survey focuses on three types of characterization technique and methods that classify the thyroid nodule medical imaging. Result shows that comparatively analysis of these characterization techniques.

scholarly journals Characterization of the dry stone heritage of the Barrocal region (Algarve, Portugal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022026
Author(s):  
Cèlia Mallafrè Balsells ◽  
Marta Marçal Gonçalves ◽  
Agustí Costa Jover ◽  
Sergio Coll Pla
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Beach Tourism

Abstract The paper aims to value the diverse and important dry stone heritage located in the Barrocal area (Algarve, Portugal). The dry stone construction technique and the set of constructions that derive from its application are present in all parts of the world where stone is present. Throughout the Iberian Peninsula and specifically in the territory of Portugal, there are different dry stone constructions that make up the rural landscape. They are an example of the work in the field and the use of local natural resources during different generations. The recognition by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2018) highlights the importance of maintaining a construction technique that, transmitted orally, is materialized in different constructions according to the constructive heritage and the stone typology of the nearby environment. The study focuses on a specific partially cultivated area of the Barrocal where different types of construction of dry stone elements exist. Starting from the contextualization of the studies carried out throughout Portugal, the predominant dry stone constructions of the Barrocal, the area with the greatest presence of a variety of types of the Algarve, are being identified, recorded and analysed. The work provides a classification of the present constructions in the area linked to their use and provides data on the construction characteristics and the typology of the stone. The knowledge of these constructions makes it possible to explain the economic and social context of a certain period and to plan reactivation measures for other economic sectors not linked to tourism. The Algarve, one of the most touristic areas of Portugal, has focused most of its economy on beach tourism, leaving the cultural and dry stone architectural heritage almost unnoticed.The constructions and the dry stone construction technique are a way of preserving the rural landscape and the cultural memory so that the benefits related to ecology and biodiversity are observed through this document.

scholarly journals Characterization of different types of petroleum refinery spent catalyst followed by microbial mediated leaching of metal values

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Neha Nagar ◽  
◽  
Himanshi Garg ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Gahan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Metal Recovery ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spent Catalysts

The present study aims for characterization and classification of five different spent petroleum refinery catalysts followed by metal recovery via bioleaching. The nomenclature given to the different spent catalyst (SC) is SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5 collected from an Indian petroleum refinery. All spent catalysts were crushed and ground prior to their characterization by X-Ray Fluorescence for chemical composition followed by X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy for their mineralogy. Further, all five spent catalysts were classified based upon their chemical composition and mineralogy. Metal recovery from the spent catalysts was carried out by bioleaching by a mixed microbial consortium of iron and Sulphur oxidizing microorganisms. Most of the spent catalysts showed very significant metal recovery with respect to Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, Zn, Sr and Ti. The study provides a possible metal recovery route via bioleaching for further testing and scaling up.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Gentiana rigescens Franch (Gentianaceae) on Different Parts and Cultivations Years by HPLC and FTIR Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Ming Qi ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Yan-Li Zhao ◽  
Zhi-Tian Zuo ◽  
Hang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Gentiana Rigescens ◽  
Different Parts

Gentiana rigescens Franch (Gentianaceae) is a famous medicinal plant for treatments of rheumatism, convulsion, and jaundice. Comprehensive investigation of different parts and cultivation years of this plant has not yet been conducted. This study presents the quantitative and qualitative characterization of iridoid glycosides from G. rigescens performed by HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy techniques. The accumulations of loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, and sweroside were determined. Results indicated that their content and distribution in different parts and cultivation years exhibit great variations. Gentiopicroside was identified as the most abundant compound among iridoid glycosides and its highest level was observed in the root of 2-year-old plant. With respect to qualitative variation of metabolic profile, the 1800–800 cm−1 band of FTIR spectra successfully discriminated different parts and cultivation years with the aid of PLS-DA. In addition, combined with PLSR, the feasibility of FTIR spectroscopy for determination of gentiopicroside was investigated by selecting characteristic wavelengths (1800–800 cm−1), which presented a good performance with a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 3.646. Our results suggested that HPLC and FTIR techniques can complement each other and could be simultaneously applied for comparing and analyzing different parts and cultivation years of G. rigescens.

The characterization of normal thyroid tissue by micro-FTIR spectroscopy

The Analyst ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (23) ◽  
pp. 7094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago M. Pereira ◽  
Denise M. Zezell ◽  
Benjamin Bird ◽  
Milos Miljković ◽  
Max Diem
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid

scholarly journals MALDI-MSI as a Complementary Diagnostic Tool in Cytopathology: A Pilot Study for the Characterization of Thyroid Nodules

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Capitoli ◽  
Piga ◽  
Galimberti ◽  
Leni ◽  
Pincelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Maldi Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
First Time

The present study applies for the first time as Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) on real thyroid Fine Needle Aspirations (FNAs) to test its possible complementary role in routine cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. The primary aim is to evaluate the potential employment of MALDI-MSI in cytopathology, using challenging samples such as needle washes. Firstly, we designed a statistical model based on the analysis of Regions of Interest (ROIs), according to the morphological triage performed by the pathologist. Successively, the capability of the model to predict the classification of the FNAs was validated in a different group of patients on ROI and pixel-by-pixel approach. Results are very promising and highlight the possibility to introduce MALDI-MSI as a complementary tool for the diagnostic characterization of thyroid nodules.

Electron microscopic characterization of diamond thin films and substrates for diamond heteroepitaxial growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
J.B. Posthill ◽  
R.P. Burns ◽  
R.A. Rudder ◽  
Y.H. Lee ◽  
R.J. Markunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Lattice Matching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diamond Thin Films

Because of diamond’s wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage and high radiation resistance, there is a growing interest in developing diamond-based devices for several new and demanding electronic applications. In developing this technology, there are several new challenges to be overcome. Much of our effort has been directed at developing a diamond deposition process that will permit controlled, epitaxial growth. Also, because of cost and size considerations, it is mandatory that a non-native substrate be developed for heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth of diamond thin films. To this end, we are currently investigating the use of Ni single crystals on which different types of epitaxial metals are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for lattice matching to diamond as well as surface chemistry modification. This contribution reports briefly on our microscopic observations that are integral to these endeavors.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

The Accuracy of ACR TI-RADS Classification of Neck Ultrasound as a First-Line Diagnostic Approach for Thyroid Neoplasms in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Grachev ◽  
Elena V. Feoktistova ◽  
Igor N. Vorozhtsov ◽  
Natalia V. Babaskina ◽  
Ekaterina Yu. Iaremenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
First Line ◽  
Neck Ultrasound

Background.Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in diagnosing the pathological nature of undetermined thyroid nodules. However, in some instances limitations and shortcomings arise, making it insufficient for determining a specific diagnosis.Objective.Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACR TI-RADS classification of neck ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods.A retrospective analysis was made of FNA and US protocols in 70 patients who underwent the examination and treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center between January 2012 and August 2017. In the retrospective series 70% (49/70) of patients undergone FNA and 43% (30/70) of them undergone repeated FNA. All US protocols were interpreted according to ACR TI-RADS system by the two independent experts. The clinical judgment was assessed using the concordance test and the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods was analized.Results.According to histologic examination protocols, benign nodules reported greater multimorbidity 29% (20/70), compared with thyroid cancer 17% (12/70), complicating FNA procedure. A statistically significant predictor of thyroid cancer with a tumor size ACR TI-RADS showed a significant advantage of ACR TI-RADS due to higher sensitivity (97.6 vs 60%), specificity (78.6 vs 53.8%), positive predictive value (87.2 vs 71.4%), and negative predictive value (95.7 vs 41.2%). Concordance on the interpreted US protocols according to ACR TI-RADS classification between two experts was high, excluding accidental coincidence.Conclusion.The data support the feasibility of US corresponding to the ACR TI-RADS classification as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasm reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies for thyroid nodules.

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