scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Silver Nano Fibers in Humidity, Ammonia, and Temperature Sensing

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Haroon-Ur Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Mahidur R. Sarker ◽  
Sawal Hamid Md Ali ◽  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Response And Recovery

The promising chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of silver from nano scale to bulk level make it useful to be used in a variety of applications in the biomedical and electronic fields. Recently, several methods have been proposed and applied for the small-scale and mass production of silver in the form of nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanofibers. In this research, we have proposed a novel method for the fabrication of silver nano fibers (AgNFs) that is environmentally friendly and can be easily deployed for large-scale production. Moreover, the proposed technique is easy for device fabrication in different applications. To validate the properties, the synthesized silver nanofibers have been examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Further, the synthesized silver nanofibers have been deposited over sensors for Relative humidity (RH), Ammonia (NH3), and temperature sensing applications. The sensor was of a resistive type, and found 4.3 kΩ for relative humidity (RH %) 30–90%, 400 kΩ for NH3 (40000 ppm), and 5 MΩ for temperature sensing (69 °C). The durability and speed of the sensor verified through repetitive, response, and recovery tests of the sensor in a humidity and gas chamber. It was observed that the sensor took 13 s to respond, 27 s to measure the maximum value, and took 33 s to regain its minimum value. Furthermore, it was observed that at lower frequencies and higher concentration of NH3, the response of the device was excellent. Furthermore, the device has linear and repetitive responses, is cost-effective, and is easy to fabricate.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory T Lymphocytes From COVID-19 Convalescent Donors: Identification, Biobanking, and Large-Scale Production for Adoptive Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ferreras ◽  
B. Pascual-Miguel ◽  
C. Mestre-Durán ◽  
A. Navarro-Zapata ◽  
L. Clares-Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Large Scale Production

Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is causing a second outbreak significantly delaying the hope for the virus’ complete eradication. In the absence of effective vaccines, we need effective treatments with low adverse effects that can treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. In this study, we determined the existence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells within CD45RA– memory T cells in the blood of convalescent donors. Memory T cells can respond quickly to infection and provide long-term immune protection to reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Also, CD45RA– memory T cells confer protection from other pathogens encountered by the donors throughout their life. It is of vital importance to resolve other secondary infections that usually develop in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We found SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells in all of the CD45RA– subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and in the central memory and effector memory subpopulations. The procedure for obtaining these cells is feasible, easy to implement for small-scale manufacture, quick and cost-effective, involves minimal manipulation, and has no GMP requirements. This biobank of specific SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells would be immediately available “off-the-shelf” to treat moderate/severe cases of COVID-19, thereby increasing the therapeutic options available for these patients.

SARS-CoV-2 specific memory T lymphocytes from COVID-19 convalescent donors: identification, biobanking and large-scale production for Adoptive Cell Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ferreras ◽  
B Pascual-Miguel ◽  
C Mestre-Durán ◽  
A Navarro-Zapata ◽  
L Clares-Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Large Scale Production

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 is causing a second outbreak so the hope for its complete eradication is far from happening. In the absence of effective vaccines, it is mandatory to find effective treatments with low adverse effects able to treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. In this work, we determined the existence of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells within the CD45RA− T memory cells from the blood of convalescent donors. Memory T cells can respond quickly to the infection and provide long-term immune protection to reduce the severity of the COVID-19 symptoms. Also, CD45RA− memory T cells confer protection from other pathogens the donors encountered in their life. This is vital to clear other secondary infections usually developed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 specific memory T cells were found within all the CD45RA− subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and in the central memory and effector memory subpopulations. The procedure to obtain the cells is feasible, easy to implement for small scale manufacture, quick and cost-effective involving minimal manipulation, and without GMP condition requirements. This biobank of specific SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells would be immediately available ‘off-the-shelf’ to treat moderate/severe cases of COVID-19 increasing the therapeutic options available for these patients.

On practical application of plasma and laser hardening

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
M.V. Zlokazov ◽  
V.A. Korotkov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laser Hardening ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plasma Hardening ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Increase Wear Resistance ◽  
Finishing Machining

Laser and plasma hardening practically do not damage the surface, so the parts after their execution are sent to the assembly without finishing machining, which reduces the complexity and logistics of the process. In conditions of dry friction hardened steel discs 45 and 40Kh increase wear resistance up to 100 times. The service life of parts strengthened by laser and plasma hardening is repeatedly increased. Laser hardening differs from plasma hardening by higher cost of equipment, therefore it is preferable in large-scale production. Plasma installation UDGZ-200, thanks to manual operation, it is possible to temper the surfaces inaccessible or inaccessible to other hardening methods. This, together with the low cost of equipment, makes plasma hardening cost-effective in conditions of single-unit and small-scale productions.

scholarly journals Low-cost Large Scale Vermicompost Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2115 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Sonam Solanki ◽  
Gunendra Mahore
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract In the current process of producing vermicompost on a large-scale, the main challenge is to keep the worms alive. This is achieved by maintaining temperature and moisture in their living medium. It is a difficult task to maintain these parameters throughout the process. Currently, this is achieved by building infrastructure but this method requires a large initial investment and long-run maintenance. Also, these methods are limited to small-scale production. For large-scale production, a unit is developed which utilises natural airflow with water and automation. The main aim of this unit is to provide favourable conditions to worms in large-scale production with very low investment and minimum maintenance in long term. The key innovation of this research is that the technology used in the unit should be practical and easy to adopt by small farmers. For long-term maintenance of the technology lesser number of parts are used.

scholarly journals Transgenic goats producing an improved version of cetuximab in milk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Götz Laible ◽  
Sally Cole ◽  
Brigid Brophy ◽  
Paul Maclean ◽  
Li How Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Immunogenic Epitope ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Transgenic Goats

ABSTRACTTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of pharmaceutical proteins to treat human diseases. Most are produced in cultured mammalian cells which is expensive, limiting their availability. Goats, striking a good balance between a relatively short generation time and copious milk yield, present an alternative platform for the cost-effective, flexible, large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs. Here, we focused on cetuximab, a mAb against epidermal growth factor receptor, that is commercially produced under the brand name Erbitux and approved for anti-cancer treatments. We generated several transgenic goat lines that produce cetuximab in their milk. Two lines were selected for detailed characterization. Both showed stable genotypes and cetuximab production levels of up to 10g/L. The mAb could be readily purified and showed improved characteristics compared to Erbitux. The goat-produced cetuximab (gCetuximab) lacked a highly immunogenic epitope that is part of Erbitux. Moreover, it showed enhanced binding to CD16 and increased antibody-dependent cell-dependent cytotoxicity compared to Erbitux. This indicates that these goats produce an improved cetuximab version with the potential for enhanced effectiveness and better safety profile compared to treatments with Erbitux. In addition, our study validates transgenic goats as an excellent platform for large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs.

ChipsetT: Embedded Die Substrate Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000377-000397
Author(s):  
Jon G. Aday ◽  
Ted Tessier ◽  
Kazuhisa Itoi ◽  
Satoshi Okude
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Sintered Metal ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Board Level

Embedded die substrate technologies are being developed in an assortment of configurations and for different market segments. The technology being discussed in this paper will be focused on both a fan out technology – ChipsetT Fan-Out and a system in package approach (ChipsetT SiP) in which a multiple component bill of materials (BOM) is used. The Chipset process is based on the WABE (Wafer and Board Level Embedding) technology. WABE technology is based on co-lamination of multilayer polyimide flex wiring and conductive z-axis sintered metal interconnections. This ChipsetT Fan Out technology allows for large scale production of fan out type solutions which can allow for very thin packages in addition to unique pin out solutions such as pin compatibility for a competitor part. The ChipsetT SiP also allows embedding of single or multiple silicon die and/or components. Additional components can also be placed using conventional SMT on the top or bottom side of the package. There is a great deal of design flexibility with this technology which makes it a great solution for applications trying to reduce their x-y size or z-height. When utilizing RDL technology on the embedded die we are able to do the fine pitch routing in order to allow the substrate to route at larger pitches ensuring an overall cost effective solution. This paper will focus on the different classes of applications that have benefited from this technology and will discuss the benefits and tradeoffs of the different solutions that have been engineered. Assembly and reliability data will be presented on several of the applications showing a robust solution set.

The Scalability of Wet Ball Milling for The Production of Nanosuspensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L.A.D. Lestari ◽  
Rainer H. Müller ◽  
Jan P. Möschwitzer
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Large Scale Production

Background: Miniaturization of nanosuspensions preparation is a necessity in order to enable proper formulation screening before nanosizing can be performed on a large scale. Ideally, the information generated at small scale is predictive for large scale production. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the scalability when producing nanosuspensions starting from a 10 g scale of nanosuspension using low energy wet ball milling up to production scales of 120 g nanosuspension and 2 kg nanosuspension by using a standard high energy wet ball milling operated in batch mode or recirculation mode, respectively. Methods: Two different active pharmaceutical ingredients, i.e. curcumin and hesperetin, have been used in this study. The investigated factors include the milling time, milling speed, and the type of mill. Results: Comparable particle sizes of about 151 nm to 190 nm were obtained for both active pharmaceutical ingredients at the same milling time and milling speed when the drugs were processed at 10 g using low energy wet ball milling or 120 g using high energy wet ball milling in batch mode, respectively. However, an adjustment of the milling speed was needed for the 2 kg scale produced using high energy wet ball milling in recirculation mode to obtain particle sizes comparable to the small scale process. Conclusion: These results confirm in general, the scalability of wet ball milling as well as the suitability of small scale processing in order to correctly identify the most suitable formulations for large scale production using high energy milling.

scholarly journals Solutions for changing production scale in the agricultural sector in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 10008
Author(s):  
Thi Hoai Nguyen ◽  
Duc Luan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Large Scale Production

In this paper, the authors analyze the current situation of agricultural production in Vietnam and affirm that fragmentation is one of the basic causes leading to ineffective potentials and low labor productivity. Based on this, the authors propose a number of solutions to convert small-scale production to large-scale production in order to improve labor productivity and optimally exploit resources in the agricultural sector in Vietnam today.

Electro-reduction of hematite using water as the redox mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Xie ◽  
Ali Reza Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Electrolytic Reduction ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

Molten salt electrolytic reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of water is proposed as a sustainable and cost-effective approach for large-scale production of iron.

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