scholarly journals Dielectrophoretic Micro-Organization of Chondrocytes to Regenerate Mechanically Anisotropic Cartilaginous Tissue

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Takeuchi ◽  
Shogo Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Patterning ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Line Array

Recently, many studies have focused on the repair and regeneration of damaged articular cartilage using tissue engineering. In tissue engineering therapy, cells are cultured in vitro to create a three-dimensional (3-D) tissue designed to replace the damaged cartilage. Although tissue engineering is a useful approach to regenerating cartilage, mechanical anisotropy has not been reconstructed from a cellular organization level. This study aims to create mechanically anisotropic cartilaginous tissue using dielectrophoretic cell patterning and gel-sheet lamination. Bovine chondrocytes were patterned in a hydrogel to form line-array cell clusters via negative dielectrophoresis (DEP). The results indicate that the embedded chondrocytes remained viable and reconstructed cartilaginous tissue along the patterned cell array. Moreover, the agarose gel, in which chondrocytes were patterned, demonstrated mechanical anisotropy. In summary, our DEP cell patterning and gel-sheet lamination techniques would be useful for reconstructing mechanically anisotropic cartilage tissues.

scholarly journals Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Fathi ◽  
Farzad Kermani ◽  
Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽  
Sara Banijamali ◽  
Masoud Mozafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

scholarly journals In Situ Tissue Engineering Using Magnetically Guided Three-Dimensional Cell Patterning

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn P. Grogan ◽  
Chantal Pauli ◽  
Peter Chen ◽  
Jiang Du ◽  
Christine B. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Patterning ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
In Situ Tissue Engineering

Silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite reinforced fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1392-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Deniz Dalgic ◽  
Ammar Z. Alshemary ◽  
Ayşen Tezcaner ◽  
Dilek Keskin ◽  
Zafer Evis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In this study, novel graphene oxide–incorporated silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite composites were prepared and their potential use for bone tissue engineering was investigated by developing an electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold. Nanocomposite groups were synthesized to have two different ratios of graphene oxide (2 and 4 wt%) to evaluate the effect of graphene oxide incorporation and groups with different silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite content was prepared to investigate optimum concentrations of both silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide. Three-dimensional poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were prepared by wet electrospinning and reinforced with silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite groups to improve bone regeneration potency. Microstructural and chemical characteristics of the scaffolds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Protein adsorption and desorption on material surfaces were studied using fetal bovine serum. Presence of graphene oxide in the scaffold, dramatically increased the protein adsorption with decreased desorption. In vitro biocompatibility studies were conducted using human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Electrospun scaffold group that was prepared with effective concentrations of silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide particles (poly(ε-caprolactone) – 10% silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite – 4% graphene oxide) showed improved adhesion, spreading, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to other scaffold groups.

Mineralized Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

The limitation of orthopedic fractures and large bone defects treatments has brought the focus on fabricating bone grafts that could enhance ostegenesis and vascularization in-vitro. Developing biomimetic materials such as mineralized nanofibers that can provide three-dimensional templates of the natural bone extracellular-matrix is one of the most promising alternative for bone regeneration. Understanding the interactions between the structure of the scaffolds and cells and therefore the control cellular pathways are critical for developing functional bone grafts. In order to enhance bone regeneration, the engineered scaffold needs to mimic the characteristics of composite bone ECM. This chapter reviews the fabrication of and fabrication techniques for fabricating biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition, the chapter covers design criteria for developing the scaffolds and examples of enhanced osteogenic differentiation outcomes by fabricating biomimetic scaffolds.

Tough Double-Network Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Yang ◽  
Jian Fang Liu ◽  
Takayuki Kurokawa ◽  
Nobuto Kitamura ◽  
Kazunori Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Dimensional Network

Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering in vitro & in vivo because their three-dimensional network structure and viscoelasticity are similar to those of the macromolecular-based extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissue. Especially, the synthetic hydrogels with controllable and reproducible properties were used as scaffolds to study the behaviors of cells in vitro and implanted test in vivo. In this review, two different structurally designed hydrogels, single-network (SN) hydrogels and double-network (DN) hydrogels, were used as scaffolds. The behavior of two cell types, anchorage-dependent cells and anchorage-independent cells, and the differentiation behaviors of embryoid bodies (EBs) were investigated on these hydrogels. Furthermore, the behavior of chondrocytes on DN hydrogels in vitro and the spontaneous cartilage regeneration induced by DN hydrogels in vivo was examined.

Fabrication and characterization of novel ethyl cellulose-grafted-poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/alginate nanofibrous/macroporous scaffolds incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Raeisdasteh Hokmabad ◽  
Soodabeh Davaran ◽  
Marziyeh Aghazadeh ◽  
Reza Rahbarghazi ◽  
Roya Salehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The major challenge of tissue regeneration is to develop three dimensional scaffolds with suitable properties which would mimic the natural extracellular matrix to induce the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. Several materials have been used for the preparation of the scaffolds for bone regeneration. In this study, novel ethyl cellulose-grafted-poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (EC-g-PCL)/alginate scaffolds with different contents of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared by combining electrospinning and freeze-drying methods in order to provide nanofibrous/macroporous structures with good mechanical properties. For this aim, EC-g-PCL nanofibers were obtained with electrospinning, embedded layer-by-layer in alginate solutions containing nano-hydroxyapatite particles, and finally, these constructions were freeze-dried. The scaffolds possess highly porous structures with interconnected pore network. The swelling, porosity, and degradation characteristics of the EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffolds were decreased with the increase in nano-hydroxyapatite contents, whereas increases in the in-vitro biomineralization and mechanical strength were observed as the nano-hydroxyapatite content was increased. The cell response to EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffolds with/or without nano-hydroxyapatite was investigated using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs displayed a high adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on nano-hydroxyapatite-incorporated EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffolds compared to pristine EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffold. Overall, these results suggested that the EC-g-PCL/alginate-HA scaffolds might have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

Modification of Thai Silk Fibroin Scaffolds by Gelatin Conjugation for Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chamchongkaset ◽  
Sorada Kanokpanont ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Siriporn Damrongsakkul
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Salt Crystals

Silk has been used commercially as biomedical sutures for decades. Recently silk fibroin, especially from Bombyx mori silkworm, has been explored for many tissue engineering applications such as bone and cartilage due to its impressive biological compatibility and mechanical properties. In Thailand, Thai native silkworms have been long cultivated. Distinct characteristics of cocoon Thai silk are its yellow color and coarse filament. There is more sericin in Thai silk than in other Bombyx mori silks. These characteristics provide Thai silk a unique texture for textile industry. It is therefore the aim of this study to develop three-dimensional silk fibroin-based scaffolds from Thai yellow cocoon “Nangnoi-Srisaket” of Bombyx mori silkworms using salt-leaching method. To enhance the biological properties, type A gelatin, the denature form of collagen having good biocompactibility, was used to conjugate with silk fibroin scaffolds. The pore size of salt-leached silk fibroin scaffold structure represented the size of salt crystals used (600-710µm). After gelatin conjugation, gelatin was partly formed fibers inside the pores of silk fibroin scaffolds resulting in fiber-like structure with highly interconnection. Gelatin conjugation enhanced the compressive modulus of silk fibroin scaffolds by 93%. The results on in vitro culture using mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) showed that gelatin conjugation could promote the cell proliferation in silk fibroin scaffolds. Moreover, the observed morphology of cells proliferated inside the scaffold after 14 days of culture showed the larger spreading area of cells on conjugated gelatin/silk fibroin scaffolds, compared to round-shaped cells on silk fibroin scaffolds. The results implied that Thai silk fibroin looked promising to be applied in tissue engineering and gelatin conjugation on Thai silk fibroin scaffolds could enhance the biological properties of scaffolds.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Collagen-Elastin Scaffold for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmei Wang ◽  
Mir Ali ◽  
Carla Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Integrin Β1 ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
3D Collagen

Since most of the body’s extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of collagen and elastin, we believe the choice of these materials is key for the future and promise of tissue engineering. Once it is known how elastin content of ECM guides cellular behavior (in 2D or 3D), one will be able to harness the power of collagen-elastin microenvironments to design and engineer stimuli-responsive tissues. Moreover, the implementation of such matrices to promote endothelial-mesenchymal transition of primary endothelial cells constitutes a powerful tool to engineer 3D tissues. Here, we design a 3D collagen-elastin scaffold to mimic the native ECM of heart valves, by providing the strength of collagen layers, as well as elasticity. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were encapsulated in the collagen-elastin hydrogels and valve endothelial cells (VECs) cultured onto the surface to create an in vitro 3D VEC-VIC co-culture. Over a seven-day period, VICs had stable expression levels of integrin β1 and F-actin and continuously proliferated, while cell morphology changed to more elongated. VECs maintained endothelial phenotype up to day five, as indicated by low expression of F-actin and integrin β1, while transformed VECs accounted for less than 7% of the total VECs in culture. On day seven, over 20% VECs were transformed to mesenchymal phenotype, indicated by increased actin filaments and higher expression of integrin β1. These findings demonstrate that our 3D collagen-elastin scaffolds provided a novel tool to study cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions in vitro, promoting advances in the current knowledge of valvular endothelial cell mesenchymal transition.

scholarly journals Tissue-engineered Oral Mucosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Moharamzadeh ◽  
H. Colley ◽  
C. Murdoch ◽  
V. Hearnden ◽  
W.L. Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Oral Diseases

Advances in tissue engineering have permitted the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of human oral mucosa for various in vivo and in vitro applications. Tissue-engineered oral mucosa have been further optimized in recent years for clinical applications as a suitable graft material for intra-oral and extra-oral repair and treatment of soft-tissue defects. Novel 3D in vitro models of oral diseases such as cancer, Candida, and bacterial invasion have been developed as alternatives to animal models for investigation of disease phenomena, their progression, and treatment, including evaluation of drug delivery systems. The introduction of 3D oral mucosal reconstructs has had a significant impact on the approaches to biocompatibility evaluation of dental materials and oral healthcare products as well as the study of implant-soft tissue interfaces. This review article discusses the recent advances in tissue engineering and applications of tissue-engineered human oral mucosa.

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