Modification of Thai Silk Fibroin Scaffolds by Gelatin Conjugation for Tissue Engineering

Silk has been used commercially as biomedical sutures for decades. Recently silk fibroin, especially from Bombyx mori silkworm, has been explored for many tissue engineering applications such as bone and cartilage due to its impressive biological compatibility and mechanical properties. In Thailand, Thai native silkworms have been long cultivated. Distinct characteristics of cocoon Thai silk are its yellow color and coarse filament. There is more sericin in Thai silk than in other Bombyx mori silks. These characteristics provide Thai silk a unique texture for textile industry. It is therefore the aim of this study to develop three-dimensional silk fibroin-based scaffolds from Thai yellow cocoon “Nangnoi-Srisaket” of Bombyx mori silkworms using salt-leaching method. To enhance the biological properties, type A gelatin, the denature form of collagen having good biocompactibility, was used to conjugate with silk fibroin scaffolds. The pore size of salt-leached silk fibroin scaffold structure represented the size of salt crystals used (600-710µm). After gelatin conjugation, gelatin was partly formed fibers inside the pores of silk fibroin scaffolds resulting in fiber-like structure with highly interconnection. Gelatin conjugation enhanced the compressive modulus of silk fibroin scaffolds by 93%. The results on in vitro culture using mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) showed that gelatin conjugation could promote the cell proliferation in silk fibroin scaffolds. Moreover, the observed morphology of cells proliferated inside the scaffold after 14 days of culture showed the larger spreading area of cells on conjugated gelatin/silk fibroin scaffolds, compared to round-shaped cells on silk fibroin scaffolds. The results implied that Thai silk fibroin looked promising to be applied in tissue engineering and gelatin conjugation on Thai silk fibroin scaffolds could enhance the biological properties of scaffolds.

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Acylation Modification ofAntheraea pernyiSilk Fibroin Using Succinic Anhydride and Its Effects on Enzymatic Degradation Behavior

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/640913 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiufang Li ◽

Ceng Zhang ◽

Lingshuang Wang ◽

Caili Ma ◽

Weichao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Succinic Anhydride ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Degradation Behavior ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Regeneration Rate ◽

The Impact

The degradation rate of tissue engineering scaffolds should match the regeneration rate of new tissues. Controlling the degradation behavior of silk fibroin is an important subject for silk-based tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study,Antheraea pernyisilk fibroin was successfully modified with succinic anhydride and then characterized by zeta potential, ninhydrin method, and FTIR.In vitro, three-dimensional scaffolds prepared with modified silk fibroin were incubated in collagenase IA solution for 18 days to evaluate the impact of acylation on the degradation behavior. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of modified silk fibroin scaffolds was more rapid than unmodified ones. The content of theβ-sheet structure in silk fibroin obviously decreased after acylation, resulting in a high degradation rate. Above all, the degradation behavior of silk fibroin scaffolds could be regulated by acylation to match the requirements of various tissues regeneration.

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Fabrication of Piezoelectric Electrospun Termite Nest-like 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14247684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 7684

Author(s):

Thanapon Muenwacha ◽

Oratai Weeranantanapan ◽

Nuannoi Chudapongse ◽

Francisco Javier Diaz Sanchez ◽

Santi Maensiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Interaction ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

3D Scaffolds ◽

3D Shapes ◽

Termite Nest

A high piezoelectric coefficient polymer and biomaterial for bone tissue engineering— poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)—has been successfully fabricated into 3D scaffolds using the wet electrospinning method. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have significant advantages for tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning is an advanced method and can fabricate 3D scaffolds. However, it has some limitations and is difficult to fabricate nanofibers into 3D shapes because of the low controllability of porosity and internal pore shape. The PVDF-HFP powders were dissolved in a mixture of acetone and dimethylformamide with a ratio of 1:1 at various concentrations of 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 wt%. However, only the solutions at 15 and 17 wt% with optimized electrospinning parameters can be fabricated into biomimetic 3D shapes. The produced PVDF-HFP 3D scaffolds are in the cm size range and mimic the structure of the natural nests of termites of the genus Apicotermes. In addition, the 3D nanofiber-based structure can also generate more electrical signals than the conventional 2D ones, as the third dimension provides more compression. The cell interaction with the 3D nanofibers scaffold was investigated. The in vitro results demonstrated that the NIH 3T3 cells could attach and migrate in the 3D structures. While conventional electrospinning yields 2D (flat) structures, our bio-inspired electrospun termite nest-like 3D scaffolds are better suited for tissue engineering applications since they can potentially mimic native tissues as they have biomimetic structure, piezoelectric, and biological properties.

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Bioprinting and In Vitro Characterization of an Eggwhite-Based Cell-Laden Patch for Endothelialized Tissue Engineering Applications

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb12030045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Yasaman Delkash ◽

Maxence Gouin ◽

Tanguy Rimbeault ◽

Fatemeh Mohabatpour ◽

Petros Papagerakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Biological Properties ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

In Vitro Characterization

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging fabrication technique to create 3D constructs with living cells. Notably, bioprinting bioinks are limited due to the mechanical weakness of natural biomaterials and the low bioactivity of synthetic peers. This paper presents the development of a natural bioink from chicken eggwhite and sodium alginate for bioprinting cell-laden patches to be used in endothelialized tissue engineering applications. Eggwhite was utilized for enhanced biological properties, while sodium alginate was used to improve bioink printability. The rheological properties of bioinks with varying amounts of sodium alginate were examined with the results illustrating that 2.0–3.0% (w/v) sodium alginate was suitable for printing patch constructs. The printed patches were then characterized mechanically and biologically, and the results showed that the printed patches exhibited elastic moduli close to that of natural heart tissue (20–27 kPa) and more than 94% of the vascular endothelial cells survived in the examination period of one week post 3D bioprinting. Our research also illustrated the printed patches appropriate water uptake ability (>1800%).

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Is Dialdehyde Chitosan a Good Substance to Modify Physicochemical Properties of Biopolymeric Materials?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3391

Author(s):

Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska ◽

Alina Sionkowska ◽

Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska ◽

Katarzyna Reczyńska ◽

Elżbieta Pamuła

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Maximum Deformation ◽

One Step ◽

Chitosan Blends ◽

Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy

The aim of this work was to compare physicochemical properties of three dimensional scaffolds based on silk fibroin, collagen and chitosan blends, cross-linked with dialdehyde starch (DAS) and dialdehyde chitosan (DAC). DAS was commercially available, while DAC was obtained by one-step synthesis. Structure and physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance device (FTIR-ATR), swelling behavior and water content measurements, porosity and density observations, scanning electron microscopy imaging (SEM), mechanical properties evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis. Metabolic activity with AlamarBlue assay and live/dead fluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the obtained materials with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. The results showed that the properties of the scaffolds based on silk fibroin, collagen and chitosan can be modified by chemical cross-linking with DAS and DAC. It was found that DAS and DAC have different influence on the properties of biopolymeric scaffolds. Materials cross-linked with DAS were characterized by higher swelling ability (~4000% for DAS cross-linked materials; ~2500% for DAC cross-linked materials), they had lower density (Coll/CTS/30SF scaffold cross-linked with DAS: 21.8 ± 2.4 g/cm3; cross-linked with DAC: 14.6 ± 0.7 g/cm3) and lower mechanical properties (maximum deformation for DAC cross-linked scaffolds was about 69%; for DAS cross-linked scaffolds it was in the range of 12.67 ± 1.51% and 19.83 ± 1.30%) in comparison to materials cross-linked with DAC. Additionally, scaffolds cross-linked with DAS exhibited higher biocompatibility than those cross-linked with DAC. However, the obtained results showed that both types of scaffolds can provide the support required in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The scaffolds presented in the present work can be potentially used in bone tissue engineering to facilitate healing of small bone defects.

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Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13071038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1038

Author(s):

Sonia Trombino ◽

Federica Curcio ◽

Roberta Cassano ◽

Manuela Curcio ◽

Giuseppe Cirillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cardiac Regeneration ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Regenerative Process ◽

Current Status ◽

Polymeric Biomaterials

Cardiac regeneration aims to reconstruct the heart contractile mass, preventing the organ from a progressive functional deterioration, by delivering pro-regenerative cells, drugs, or growth factors to the site of injury. In recent years, scientific research focused the attention on tissue engineering for the regeneration of cardiac infarct tissue, and biomaterials able to anatomically and physiologically adapt to the heart muscle have been proposed as valuable tools for this purpose, providing the cells with the stimuli necessary to initiate a complete regenerative process. An ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration should have a positive influence on the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of tissues and cells; perfectly reflect the morphology and functionality of the native myocardium; and be mechanically stable, with a suitable thickness. Among others, engineered hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric systems made from synthetic and natural biomaterials, have attracted much interest for cardiac post-infarction therapy. In addition, biocompatible nanosystems, and polymeric nanoparticles in particular, have been explored in preclinical studies as drug delivery and tissue engineering platforms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review focused on the most employed natural and synthetic biomaterials in cardiac regeneration, paying particular attention to the contribution of Italian research groups in this field, the fabrication techniques, and the current status of the clinical trials.

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Oxygen Permeability of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels and Their Use as Materials for Contact Lenses: A Purposeful Analysis

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7020058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Traian V. Chirila

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bombyx Mori ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Oxygen Permeability ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

The Past ◽

Fibrous Protein ◽

Silk Moth ◽

Bombyx Mori Silk

Fibroin is a fibrous protein that can be conveniently isolated from the silk cocoons produced by the larvae of Bombyx mori silk moth. In its form as a hydrogel, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) has been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. When used as substrates for biomaterial-cells constructs in tissue engineering, the oxygen transport characteristics of the BMSF membranes have proved so far to be adequate. However, over the past three decades the BMSF hydrogels have been proposed episodically as materials for the manufacture of contact lenses, an application that depends on substantially elevated oxygen permeability. This review will show that the literature published on the oxygen permeability of BMSF is both limited and controversial. Additionally, there is no evidence that contact lenses made from BMSF have ever reached commercialization. The existing literature is discussed critically, leading to the conclusion that BMSF hydrogels are unsuitable as materials for contact lenses, while also attempting to explain the scarcity of data regarding the oxygen permeability of BMSF. To the author’s knowledge, this review covers all publications related to the topic.

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Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69

Author(s):

Amirhosein Fathi ◽

Farzad Kermani ◽

Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽

Sara Banijamali ◽

Masoud Mozafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

3D Printing ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

3D Printed ◽

Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

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Three-Dimensional Silk Fibroin Microsphere-Nanofiber Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices ◽

10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100051 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100051

Author(s):

Qiang Liu ◽

Guoliang Ying ◽

Nan Jiang ◽

Ali K. Yetisen ◽

Danyu Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽

Nanofiber Scaffolds

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Comparison of the Influence of 45S5 and Cu-Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass (BG) on the Biological Properties of Novel Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/BG Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13112607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2607 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katharina Schuhladen ◽

Barbara Lukasiewicz ◽

Pooja Basnett ◽

Ipsita Roy ◽

Aldo R. Boccaccini

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Inorganic Compounds ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

A Minor ◽

Hard Tissue Engineering

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature and their ability to be formed in complex structures, are excellent candidates for fabricating scaffolds used in tissue engineering. By introducing inorganic compounds, such as bioactive glasses (BGs), the bioactive properties of PHAs can be further improved. In addition to their outstanding bioactivity, BGs can be additionally doped with biological ions, which in turn extend the functionality of the BG-PHA composite. Here, different PHAs were combined with 45S5 BG, which was additionally doped with copper in order to introduce antibacterial and angiogenic properties. The resulting composite was used to produce scaffolds by the salt leaching technique. By performing indirect cell biology tests using stromal cells, a dose-depending effect of the dissolution products released from the BG-PHA scaffolds could be found. In low concentrations, no toxic effect was found. Moreover, in higher concentrations, a minor reduction of cell viability combined with a major increase in VEGF release was measured. This result indicates that the fabricated composite scaffolds are suitable candidates for applications in soft and hard tissue engineering. However, more in-depth studies are necessary to fully understand the release kinetics and the resulting long-term effects of the BG-PHA composites.

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