scholarly journals Design and Development of a Lead-Freepiezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wideband, Low Frequency, and Low Amplitude Vibrations

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Neetu Kumari ◽  
Micky Rakotondrabe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Low Amplitude

In recent years, energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using piezoelectric materials has become the center of attention due to the fact that it has the potential to replace batteries, providing an easy way to power wireless and low power sensors and electronic devices. Piezoelectric material has been extensively used in energy harvesting technologies. However, the most commercially available and widely used piezoelectric materials are lead-based, Pb [ZrxTi1−x] O3 (PZT), which contains more than 60 weight percent lead (Pb). Due to its extremely hazardous effects on lead elements, there is a strong need to substitute PZT with new lead-free materials that have comparable properties to those of PZT. Lead-free lithium niobate (LiNbO3) piezoelectric material can be considered as a substitute for lead-based piezoelectric materials for vibrational energy scavenging applications. LiNbO3 crystal has a lower dielectric constant comparison to the conventional piezoceramics (for instance, PZT); however, at the same time, LiNbO3 (LN) single crystal presents a figure of merits similar to that of PZT, which makes it the most suitable choice for a vibrational energy harvester based on lead-free materials. The implementation was carried out using a global optimization approach including a thick single-crystal film on a metal substrate with optimized clamped capacitance for better impedance matching conditions. A lot of research shows that standard designs such as linear piezoelectric energy harvesters are not a prominent solution as they can only operate in a narrow bandwidth because of their single high resonant peak in their frequency spectrum. In this paper, we propose, and experimentally validate, a novel lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester to harness electrical energy from wideband, low-frequency, and low-amplitude ambient vibration. To reach this target, the harvester is designed to combine multi-frequency and nonlinear techniques. The proposed energy harvesting system consists of six piezoelectric cantilevers of different sizes and different resonant frequencies. Each is based on lead-free lithium niobate piezoelectric material coupled with a shape memory alloy (nitinol) substrate. The design is in the form of a circular ring to which the cantilevers are embedded to create nonlinear behavior when excited with ambient vibrations. The finite element simulation and the experimental results confirm that the proposed lead-free harvester design is efficient at low frequencies, particularly different frequencies below 250 Hz.

A Piezoelectric Based Energy Harvester With Dynamic Magnification

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Castagnetti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Energy harvesting from ambient vibrations exploiting piezoelectric materials is an efficient solution for the development of self-sustainable electronic nodes. This work presents a simple and innovative piezoelectric energy harvester, intrinsically including dynamic magnification and inspired by fractal geometry. After an initial design step, computational analysis and experimental validation show a very good frequency response with five eigenfrequencies below 100 Hz. Even if the piezoelectric transducers were put only on a symmetric half of the top surface of the structure, the energy conversion is good for all the eigenfrequencies investigated.

scholarly journals A Review on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods, and Circuits

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Priya ◽  
Hyun-Cheol Song ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Ronnie Varghese ◽  
Anuj Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wide Bandwidth ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Continuous Power

Abstract Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (PiezoMEMS) are attractive for developing next generation self-powered microsystems. PiezoMEMS promises to eliminate the costly assembly for microsensors/microsystems and provide various mechanisms for recharging the batteries, thereby, moving us closer towards batteryless wireless sensors systems and networks. In order to achieve practical implementation of this technology, a fully assembled energy harvester on the order of a quarter size dollar coin (diameter=24.26 mm, thickness=1.75 mm) should be able to generate about 100 μW continuous power from low frequency ambient vibrations (below 100 Hz). This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in microscale piezoelectric energy harvesting, summarizing key metrics such as power density and bandwidth of reported structures at low frequency input. This paper also describes the recent advancements in piezoelectric materials and resonator structures. Epitaxial growth and grain texturing of piezoelectric materials is being developed to achieve much higher energy conversion efficiency. For embedded medical systems, lead-free piezoelectric thin films are being developed and MEMS processes for these new classes of materials are being investigated. Non-linear resonating beams for wide bandwidth resonance are also reviewed as they would enable wide bandwidth and low frequency operation of energy harvesters. Particle/granule spray deposition techniques such as aerosol-deposition (AD) and granule spray in vacuum (GSV) are being matured to realize the meso-scale structures in a rapid manner. Another important element of an energy harvester is a power management circuit, which should maximize the net energy harvested. Towards this objective, it is essential for the power management circuit of a small-scale energy harvester to dissipate minimal power, and thus it requires special circuit design techniques and a simple maximum power point tracking scheme. Overall, the progress made by the research and industrial community has brought the energy harvesting technology closer to the practical applications in near future.

Broadband Rotational Energy Harvesting Using Micro Energy Harvester

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Ta Chien ◽  
Yung-Hsing Fu ◽  
Chao-Ting Chen ◽  
Shun-Chiu Lin ◽  
Yi-Chung Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Rotational Excitation ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper proposes a broadband rotational energy harvesting setup by using micro piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). When driven in different rotating speed, the PEH can output relatively high power which exhibits the phenomenon of frequency up-conversion transforming the low frequency of rotation into the high frequency of resonant vibration. It aims to power self-powered devices used in the applications, like smart tires, smart bearings, and health monitoring sensors on rotational machines. Through the excitation of the rotary magnetic repulsion, the cantilever beam presents periodically damped oscillation. Under the rotational excitation, the maximum output voltage and power of PEH with optimal impedance is 28.2 Vpp and 663 μW, respectively. The output performance of the same energy harvester driven in ordinary vibrational based excitation is compared with rotational oscillation under open circuit condition. The maximum output voltage under 2.5g acceleration level of vibration is 27.54 Vpp while the peak output voltage of 36.5 Vpp in rotational excitation (in 265 rpm).

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with an Ultrasonic Vibration Source

Actuators ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Pooi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Power Ultrasonic ◽  
Ultrasonic Cutting

A piezoelectric energy harvester was developed in this paper. It is actuated by the vibration leakage from the nodal position of a high-power ultrasonic cutting transducer. The harvester was excited at a low displacement amplitude (0.73 µmpp). However, its operation frequency is quite high and reaches the ultrasonic range (24.4 kHz). Compared with another low frequency harvester (66 Hz), both theoretical and experimental results proved that the advantages of this high frequency harvester include (i) high current generation capability (up to 20 mApp compared to 1.3 mApp of the 66 Hz transducer) and (ii) low impedance matching resistance (500 Ω in contrast to 50 kΩ of the 66 Hz transducer). This energy harvester can be applied either in sensing, or vibration controlling, or simply energy harvesting in a high-power ultrasonic system.

scholarly journals Deposition of Energy using Piezoelectric Material and its Application in TPMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 4236-4241
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Tire Pressure Monitoring System ◽  
Self Powered

The limited lifespan in portable, remote and implantable devices and the need to recharge or replace batteries periodically has been a consistent issue. Ambient energy can usually be found in the form of thermal energy, vibrational energy and solar energy. Among these energy sources, vibrational energy presents a constant presence in nature and artificial structures. Energy harvesting through piezoelectric materials by extracting power from ambient vibrations is a promising technology. The material is capable to harvest sufficient energy required to make autonomous and self-powered electronic systems. The characteristic of piezoelectric material is electromechanical coupling between electrical and mechanical domains. The design of a piezoelectric device for the purpose of storing the kinetic energy of random vibrations at the wheel of a vehicle is presented. The harvester is optimized to power the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). The aim is to make of the value of power and voltage outputs for different input frequency conditions. A typical TPMS system consists of a battery operated one, in this paper bimorph is designed to powering a TPMS commercial feasibility of this option is compared to existing TPMS modules, which require batteries for operation.

A novel low-frequency broadband piezoelectric energy harvester combined with a negative stiffness vibration isolator

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Cao ◽  
Xiangying Guo ◽  
Wenhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Stiffness ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

The transformation of waste vibration energy into low-power electricity has been intensely researched over the last decade to enable self-sustained wireless electronic components. Many kinds of nonlinear oscillators have been explored by several research groups in an effort to enhance the frequency bandwidth of operation. The negative stiffness vibration isolator, as a kind of passive vibration isolator, has undergone extensive investigation because of its low-frequency isolator characteristics. In this article, a novel broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, which can be used for low-frequency ambient mechanical energy harvesting, is designed, and its dynamic responses are analyzed based on the advantage of the negative stiffness vibration isolator. The multi-scale perturbation method is applied to solve the electromechanical equations of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and obtain approximate analytical solutions. Solutions based on the analytical method and numerical simulations reveal the characteristics of significant broadband performance. The effects of the various system parameters on the frequency responses and output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester system are investigated in detail, and the vibration isolation ability is verified by experimental measurements. It was concluded that the proposed piezoelectric vibration energy harvester achieved broadband vibration energy harvesting in the low-frequency vibration range.

Performance of lead-free piezoelectric materials in cantilever-based energy harvesting devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuruddh Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Vishal S. Chauhan ◽  
Rahul Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Energy harvesting is one of the emerging applications of piezoelectric materials. In order to replace conventional lead-based materials with lead-free materials, it is important to evaluate their performance for such applications. In the present study, finite element method-based simulation shows mean power density produced from ( K 0.475 Na 0.475 Li 0.05)( Nb 0.92 Ta 0.05 Sb 0.03) O 3 add with 0.4 wt.% CeO 2 and 0.4 wt.% MnO 2 (KNLNTS) bimorph is 96.64% of lead zirconate titanate ( Pb [ Zr x Ti 1-x] O 3) (PZT) ceramics. Load resistance (R), length of proof mass (Lm) and thickness of host layer (th) are optimized (using genetic algorithm) for maximum power density and tuning the operating frequency range which is near to natural frequency of the structure. The lead-free piezoelectric material KNLNTS has comparable results to that of PZT for piezoelectric energy harvester in the ambient frequency range of 90 Hz to 110 Hz. Results show that KNLNTS ceramics can be potentially used in energy harvesting devices.

Energy Harvesting From Broadband Random Vibrations: Comparison of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Electroelastic Solutions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihong Zhao ◽  
Alper Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Random Excitation ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Random Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Multi Mode

Vibration-based energy harvesting has been heavily researched over the last decade with a primary focus on resonant excitation. However, ambient vibrational energy often has broader frequency content than a single harmonic, and in many cases it is entirely stochastic. As compared to the literature of deterministic energy harvesting, very few authors presented modeling approaches for energy harvesting from broadband random vibrations. These efforts have combined the input statistical information with the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamics of the energy harvester to express the statistical electromechanical response characteristics. In most cases, the motion input (base acceleration) is assumed to be ideal white noise. White noise has a flat power spectral density (PSD) that might in fact excite higher vibration modes of an electroelastic energy harvester. In particular, piezoelectric energy harvesters constitute such continuous electroelastic systems with more than one vibration mode. This paper presents modeling and simulations of piezoelectric energy harvesting from broadband random vibrations based on distributed-parameter electroelastic solution. For white noise–type base acceleration of a given PSD level, first the general solution of the distributed-parameter problem is given. Closed-form representations are extracted for the single-mode case and these are analogous to the SDOF equations reported in the literature of energy harvesting. It is reported that the single-mode predictions might result in significant mismatch as compared to multi-mode predictions. Using the electroelastic solution, soft and hard piezoelectric power generators are compared under broadband random excitation. Shunt damping effect of power generation on the stochastic vibration response under broadband random excitation is also reported.

High-performance piezoelectric-energy-harvester and self-powered mechanosensing using lead-free potassium–sodium niobate flexible piezoelectric composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (34) ◽  
pp. 16439-16449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjun Wu ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
Haiwu Zheng ◽  
Jifang Li ◽  
Weichao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Sodium Niobate ◽  
Potassium Sodium Niobate ◽  
Piezoelectric Composites ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

A flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) was fabricated based on a new inorganic piezoelectric KNN–BNZ–AS–Fe, which exhibited the great potential in energy harvesting and self-powered mechanosensing.

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