Deposition of Energy using Piezoelectric Material and its Application in TPMS

The limited lifespan in portable, remote and implantable devices and the need to recharge or replace batteries periodically has been a consistent issue. Ambient energy can usually be found in the form of thermal energy, vibrational energy and solar energy. Among these energy sources, vibrational energy presents a constant presence in nature and artificial structures. Energy harvesting through piezoelectric materials by extracting power from ambient vibrations is a promising technology. The material is capable to harvest sufficient energy required to make autonomous and self-powered electronic systems. The characteristic of piezoelectric material is electromechanical coupling between electrical and mechanical domains. The design of a piezoelectric device for the purpose of storing the kinetic energy of random vibrations at the wheel of a vehicle is presented. The harvester is optimized to power the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). The aim is to make of the value of power and voltage outputs for different input frequency conditions. A typical TPMS system consists of a battery operated one, in this paper bimorph is designed to powering a TPMS commercial feasibility of this option is compared to existing TPMS modules, which require batteries for operation.

Download Full-text

Design and Development of a Lead-Freepiezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wideband, Low Frequency, and Low Amplitude Vibrations

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12121537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1537

Author(s):

Neetu Kumari ◽

Micky Rakotondrabe

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Piezoelectric Material ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Vibrational Energy ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Lead Free ◽

Ambient Vibrations ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Low Amplitude

In recent years, energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using piezoelectric materials has become the center of attention due to the fact that it has the potential to replace batteries, providing an easy way to power wireless and low power sensors and electronic devices. Piezoelectric material has been extensively used in energy harvesting technologies. However, the most commercially available and widely used piezoelectric materials are lead-based, Pb [ZrxTi1−x] O3 (PZT), which contains more than 60 weight percent lead (Pb). Due to its extremely hazardous effects on lead elements, there is a strong need to substitute PZT with new lead-free materials that have comparable properties to those of PZT. Lead-free lithium niobate (LiNbO3) piezoelectric material can be considered as a substitute for lead-based piezoelectric materials for vibrational energy scavenging applications. LiNbO3 crystal has a lower dielectric constant comparison to the conventional piezoceramics (for instance, PZT); however, at the same time, LiNbO3 (LN) single crystal presents a figure of merits similar to that of PZT, which makes it the most suitable choice for a vibrational energy harvester based on lead-free materials. The implementation was carried out using a global optimization approach including a thick single-crystal film on a metal substrate with optimized clamped capacitance for better impedance matching conditions. A lot of research shows that standard designs such as linear piezoelectric energy harvesters are not a prominent solution as they can only operate in a narrow bandwidth because of their single high resonant peak in their frequency spectrum. In this paper, we propose, and experimentally validate, a novel lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester to harness electrical energy from wideband, low-frequency, and low-amplitude ambient vibration. To reach this target, the harvester is designed to combine multi-frequency and nonlinear techniques. The proposed energy harvesting system consists of six piezoelectric cantilevers of different sizes and different resonant frequencies. Each is based on lead-free lithium niobate piezoelectric material coupled with a shape memory alloy (nitinol) substrate. The design is in the form of a circular ring to which the cantilevers are embedded to create nonlinear behavior when excited with ambient vibrations. The finite element simulation and the experimental results confirm that the proposed lead-free harvester design is efficient at low frequencies, particularly different frequencies below 250 Hz.

Download Full-text

All 3D Printed Stretchable Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Sensor Application

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20236748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (23) ◽

pp. 6748

Author(s):

Xinran Zhou ◽

Kaushik Parida ◽

Oded Halevi ◽

Shlomo Magdassi ◽

Pooi See Lee

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Rapid Development ◽

The Internet ◽

Electronic Systems ◽

3D Printed ◽

Wearable Electronic ◽

Self Powered ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

With the rapid development of wearable electronic systems, the need for stretchable nanogenerators becomes increasingly important for autonomous applications such as the Internet-of-Things. Piezoelectric nanogenerators are of interest for their ability to harvest mechanical energy from the environment with its inherent polarization arising from crystal structures or molecular arrangements of the piezoelectric materials. In this work, 3D printing is used to fabricate a stretchable piezoelectric nanogenerator which can serve as a self-powered sensor based on synthesized oxide–polymer composites.

Download Full-text

Effect of Switching Impulse on Piezoelectric-Based Vibration Reduction With Multiple Patches

Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics ◽

10.1115/gt2019-91832 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher R. Kelley ◽

Jeffrey L. Kauffman

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Material ◽

Electromechanical Coupling ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

Vibration Reduction ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Piezoelectric Transducers ◽

Voltage Response ◽

Self Powered

Abstract Piezoelectric-based vibration reduction has the potential to improve the lifetime and structural integrity of turbomachinery blades by reducing the risk of high-cycle fatigue. Semi-active techniques produce small, self-powered implementations that can meet the strict design requirements for rotating machinery. Most semi-active techniques switch piezoelectric transducers between an open circuit and a shunt circuit in a way that reduces vibration. However, these switches produce a small impulse on the structure due to the electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric material. Since multiple-mode vibration reduction typically requires distributed sections of piezoelectric material, the switching impulse generated by one transducer may affect others. This study investigates the effect of the switching impulse on the non-switched piezoelectric transducers. Experimental testing shows the switching impulse induces a voltage response at the natural frequencies of the structure, with the strongest responses occurring at modes where both the switched and non-switched piezoelectric transducers have high electromechanical coupling. Furthermore, piezoelectric sections that lack coupling at the excitation frequency of the structure exhibit a more noticeable response to the switching impulse. This response enables remote sensing of switches, which may facilitate wireless coordinated switch timing.

Download Full-text

Study of a Low Insertion Loss SAW Filter with SPUDT Structure Using YZ-LiNbO3

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.139 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 139-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hua Jiang ◽

Wen Ke Lu ◽

Shi Gen Shen ◽

Zheng Guang Xie

Keyword(s):

Frequency Response ◽

Insertion Loss ◽

Single Phase ◽

Electromechanical Coupling ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Center Frequency ◽

Electronic Systems ◽

Coupling Constant ◽

Low Insertion Loss ◽

Simulation Results

To meet the demand for low insertion loss, we have studied a SAW filter with single phase unidirectional transducer (SPUDT) structure using piezoelectric materials YZ-LiNbO3. This article shows the simulation results of the SAW filter using Matlab software with the SAW velocity 3488m/s and electromechanical coupling constant 0.048. The theoretical center frequency is 72MHz and the 3dB bandwidth is 2.9MHz. The total frequency response of the entire SAW device is the product of the frequency response of the input transducer and the output transducer. It can be seen from the simulation results that the magnitude response and the linear phase response of interdigital transducer are consistent with the theoretical values and the minimum insertion loss reaches 5.43dB. So the low insertion loss SAW filter with SPUDT structure using YZ-LiNbO3 adapts the requirements of the radar, communications and other electronic systems.

Download Full-text

Flexoelectricity: A Perspective on an Unusual Electromechanical Coupling

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4032378 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Sana Krichen ◽

Pradeep Sharma

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Electromechanical Coupling ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Mechanical Deformation ◽

Next Generation ◽

Multifunctional Nanomaterials ◽

Self Powered ◽

Electrical Stimuli

The ability of certain materials to convert electrical stimuli into mechanical deformation, and vice versa, is a prized property. Not surprisingly, applications of such so-called piezoelectric materials are broad—ranging from energy harvesting to self-powered sensors. In this perspective, written in the form of question-answers, we highlight a relatively understudied electromechanical coupling called flexoelectricity that appears to have tantalizing implications in topics ranging from biophysics to the design of next-generation multifunctional nanomaterials.

Download Full-text

Optimizing Piezoelectric Material Location and Size for Multiple-Mode Vibration Reduction of Turbomachinery Blades

Journal of Vibration and Acoustics ◽

10.1115/1.4048263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Christopher R. Kelley ◽

Garrett K. Lopp ◽

Jeffrey L. Kauffman

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Material ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Strain Energy ◽

Electromechanical Coupling ◽

Vibration Reduction ◽

Vibration Modes ◽

Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽

Sufficient Energy ◽

Turbomachinery Blades ◽

Mode Vibration

Abstract Modern turbomachinery blades have extremely low inherent damping, which can lead to high transient vibrations and failure through high-cycle fatigue. Smart materials enable vibration reduction while meeting strict blade requirements such as weight and aerodynamic efficiency. In particular, piezoelectric-based vibration reduction offers the potential to reduce vibration semi-actively while simultaneously harvesting sufficient energy to power the implementation. The placement and the size of the piezoelectric material is critical to the vibration reduction capabilities of the system. Furthermore, the implementation should target multiple vibration modes. This study develops a procedure to optimize electromechanical coupling across multiple vibration modes for a representative turbomachinery blade with surface-mounted piezoelectric patches. Experimental validation demonstrates good coupling across three targeted modes with a single piezoelectric patch. Placing the piezoelectric material in regions of high signed strain energy for all targeted modes enables vibration reduction across all of the targeted modes.

Download Full-text

Finite Element Analysis for Nonlinear Time Dependent Response of Piezoelectric Materials

Volume 8: Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Fluids ◽

10.1115/imece2012-87007 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Sohrabi ◽

Anastasia Muliana

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Electric Field ◽

Piezoelectric Material ◽

Nonlinear Response ◽

Electromechanical Coupling ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

High Electric Field ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Coupling Coefficients ◽

Pzt Ceramics

Piezoelectric materials show nonlinear response under high electric field. In addition, recent experiments showed that the electromechanical coupling coefficients of polarized piezoelectric materials, such as PZT ceramics, change with time, leading to history dependent and hysteretic responses in these materials. In this study, the coupling behavior of piezoelectric material under high electric field is investigated. The electromechanically coupled constitutive equation that accounts for history of mechanical loading and electric field is used for the piezoelectric materials. Effect of high electric field which causes nonlinearity in response of piezoelectric material is modeled by taking the material’s electromechanical coupling coefficients to be dependent on applied electric field and single time integration model is employed to incorporate history-dependent behavior. A continuum finite element with displacement and electric potential degrees of freedom that incorporates nonlinear history dependent effect is developed. Nonlinear finite element solver is formulated by using direct iteration method at element level and recursive iterative method at material (Gaussian) integration points. Nonlinear time-dependent finite element formulation is validated by comparing its response with experimental data on PZT ceramics. History dependent and nonlinear response of PZTs due to electric field and stress is discussed. Developed finite element is capable of modeling behavior of smart structures with piezoelectric sensors and actuators.

Download Full-text

Development, presentation and tests of a hybrid thermal vibrational energy harvester based on lead free piezoelectric material

2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Control, Optimization and Computer Science (ICECOCS) ◽

10.1109/icecocs50124.2020.9314542 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Neetu KUMARI ◽

Micky RAKOTONDRABE

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Material ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Vibrational Energy ◽

Lead Free

Download Full-text

Flexible Multiscale Pore Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor for Heart Sound Detection

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4508

Author(s):

Boyan Liu ◽

Liuyang Han ◽

Lyuming Pan ◽

Hongzheng Li ◽

Jingjing Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽

Heart Sound ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Ferroelectric Material ◽

Flexible Sensor ◽

Β Phase ◽

Short Processing Time ◽

Sound Detection ◽

Corona Poling ◽

Self Powered

This research introduces an idea of producing both nanoscale and microscale pores in piezoelectric material, and combining the properties of the molecular β-phase dipoles in ferroelectric material and the space charge dipoles in order to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and modulate the response frequency bandwidth of the material. Based on this idea, a bi-nano-micro porous dual ferro-electret hybrid self-powered flexible heart sound detection sensor is proposed. Acid etching and electrospinning were the fabrication processes used to produce a piezoelectric film with nanoscale and microscale pores, and corona poling was used for air ionization to produce an electret effect. In this paper, the manufacturing process of the sensor is introduced, and the effect of the porous structure and corona poling on improving the performance of the sensor is discussed. The proposed flexible sensor has an equivalent piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 3312 pC/N, which is much larger than the piezoelectric coefficient of the common piezoelectric materials. Experiments were carried out to verify the function of the flexible sensor together with the SS17L heart sound sensor (BIOPAC, Goleta, CA, USA) as a reference. The test results demonstrated its practical application for wearable heart sound detection and the potential for heart disease detection. The proposed flexible sensor in this paper could realize batch production, and has the advantages of flexibility, low production cost and a short processing time compared with the existing heart sound detection sensors.

Download Full-text