scholarly journals Microbial Resources as a Tool for Enhancing Sustainability in Winemaking

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sustainability Issue

In agriculture, the wine sector is one of the industries most affected by the sustainability issue. It is responsible for about 0.3% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic activities. Sustainability in vitiviniculture was firstly linked to vineyard management, where the use of fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals is a major concern. More recently, the contribution of winemaking, from grape harvest to bottling, has also been considered. Several cellar processes could be improved for reducing the environmental impact of the whole chain, including microbe-driven transformations. This paper reviews the potential of microorganisms and interactions thereof as a natural, environmentally friendly tool to improve the sustainability aspects of winemaking, all along the production chain. The main phases identified as potentially interesting for exploiting microbial activities to lower inputs are: (i) pre-fermentative stages, (ii) alcoholic fermentation, (iii) stage between alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, (iv) malolactic fermentation, (v) stabilization and spoilage risk management, and (vi) by-products and wastewater treatment. The presence of proper yeast or bacterial strains, the management and timing of inoculation of starter cultures, and some appropriate technological modifications that favor selected microbial activities can lead to several positive effects, including (among other) energy savings, reduction of chemical additives such as sulfites, and reuse of certain residues.

scholarly journals New Malolactic Bacteria Strains Isolated from Wine Microbiota. Characterization and Technological Properties

Fermentation ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Răzvan Vasile Filimon ◽  
Claudiu-Ioan Bunea ◽  
Ancuța Nechita ◽  
Florin Dumitru Bora ◽  
Simona Isabela Dunca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) or biological decrease of wine acidity is defined as the enzymatic bioconversion of malic acid in lactic acid, a process performed by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The procedures for the isolation of new indigenous LAB strains from the red wines produced in Copou Iasi wine center (NE of Romania) undergoing spontaneous malolactic fermentation, resulted in the obtaining of 67 catalase-negative and Gram-positive LAB strains. After testing in the malolactic fermentative process, application of specific screening procedures and identification (API 50 CH), two bacterial strains belonging to the species Oenococcus oeni (strain 13-7) and Lactobacillus plantarum (strain R1-1) with high yield of malolactic bioconversion, non-producing biogenic amines, and with active extracellular enzymes related to wine aroma, were retained and characterized. Tested in synthetic medium (MRS-TJ) for 10 days, the new isolated LAB strains metabolized over 98% of the malic acid at ethanol concentrations between 10 and 14 % (v/v), low pH (>3.0), total SO2 doses up to 70 mg/L and temperatures between 15 and 35 °C, showing high potential for future use in the winemaking process as bacterial starter cultures, in order to obtain high quality wines with increased typicity.

Patagonian red wines: selection of Lactobacillus plantarum isolates as potential starter cultures for malolactic fermentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1537-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Mercedes Bravo-Ferrada ◽  
Axel Hollmann ◽  
Lucrecia Delfederico ◽  
Danay Valdés La Hens ◽  
Adriana Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria with Biostimulant Features on the Growth of a Local Onion Cultivar and a Commercial Zucchini Variety

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Giorgia Novello ◽  
Patrizia Cesaro ◽  
Elisa Bona ◽  
Nadia Massa ◽  
Fabio Gosetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Onion Cultivar ◽  
Growth Promoting

The reduction of chemical inputs due to fertilizer and pesticide applications is a target shared both by farmers and consumers in order to minimize the side effects for human and environmental health. Among the possible strategies, the use of biostimulants has become increasingly important as demonstrated by the fast growth of their global market and by the increased rate of registration of new products. In this work, we assessed the effects of five bacterial strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf4, P. putida S1Pf1, P. protegens Pf7, P. migulae 8R6, and Pseudomonas sp. 5Vm1K), which were chosen according to their previously reported plant growth promotion traits and their positive effects on fruit/seed nutrient contents, on a local onion cultivar and on zucchini. The possible variations induced by the inoculation with the bacterial strains on the onion nutritional components were also evaluated. Inoculation resulted in significant growth stimulation and improvement of the mineral concentration of the onion bulb, induced particularly by 5Vm1K and S1Pf1, and in different effects on the flowering of the zucchini plants according to the bacterial strain. The present study provides new information regarding the activity of the five plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains on onion and zucchini, two plant species rarely considered by the scientific literature despite their economic relevance.

scholarly journals Review of existing energy management standards and possibilities for its introduction in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Jelic ◽  
Dusan Gordic ◽  
Milun Babic ◽  
Davor Koncalovic ◽  
Vanja Sustersic
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Current State

Until recent times, energy management practices primarily consisted in replacing inefficient equipment and then using any number of methods to estimate obtained savings. Experience shows that positive effects of energy efficient improvements were decreased over time. There have been significant efforts over the last decade to define appropriate standards and best practices and implement the consistent energy management system to increase and maintain the energy savings. The knowledge gained from thousands of energy efficient projects is driving a transition from traditional tactical practice (one-time "build and forget" projects) to energy management strategies proposed and endorsed by a number of international organizations. The current status of internationally developed energy management standards, including an analysis of their shared features and differences is presented in this paper. The purpose of the analysis is to describe the current state of ?best practices? for this emerging area of energy efficiency policymaking in order to study the possibility of implementation of energy management standards in Serbia and to estimate the effects and the potential for energy saving that would be made by its implementation.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum, a New Biological Tool to Control Malolactic Fermentation: A Review and an Outlook

Beverages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Krieger-Weber ◽  
José María Heras ◽  
Carlos Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Biological Tool

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine is an important step in the vinification of most red and some white wines, as stands for the biological conversion of l-malic acid into l-lactic acid and carbon dioxide, resulting in a decrease in wine acidity. MLF not only results in a biological deacidification, it can exert a significant impact on the organoleptic qualities of wine. This paper reviews the biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine, their origin, and the limiting conditions encountered in wine, which allow only the most adapted species and strains to survive and induce malolactic fermentation. Of all the species of wine LAB, Oenococcus oeni is probably the best adapted to overcome the harsh environmental wine conditions and therefore represents the majority of commercial MLF starter cultures. Wine pH is most challenging, but, as a result of global warming, Lactobacillus sp. is more often reported to predominate and be responsible for spontaneous malolactic fermentation. Some Lactobacillus plantarum strains can tolerate the high alcohol and SO2 levels normally encountered in wine. This paper shows the potential within this species for the application as a starter culture for induction of MLF in juice or wine. Due to its complex metabolism, a range of compositional changes can be induced, which may positively affect the quality of the final product. An example of a recent isolate has shown most interesting results, not only for its capacity to induce MLF after direct inoculation, but also for its positive contribution to the wine quality. Degrading hexose sugars by the homo-fermentative pathway, which poses no risk of acetic acid production from the sugars, is an interesting alternative to control MLF in high pH wines. Within this species, we can expect more strains with interesting enological properties.

scholarly journals Detecting Spatiotemporal Changes in Vegetation with the BFAST Model in the Qilian Mountain Region during 2000–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Geng ◽  
Tao Che ◽  
Xufeng Wang ◽  
Haibo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Western China ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Qilian Mountain ◽  
Modis Ndvi ◽  
Positive Effects

The Qilian Mountain ecosystems play an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecological security in western China. Vegetation, as an important part of the ecosystem, has undergone considerable changes in recent decades in this area, but few studies have focused on the process of vegetation change. A long normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series dataset based on remote sensing is an effective tool to investigate large-scale vegetation change dynamics. The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI dataset has provided very detailed regional to global information on the state of vegetation since 2000. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of abrupt vegetation changes and detect their potential drivers in the Qilian Mountain area using MODIS NDVI data with 1 km resolution from 2000 to 2017. The Breaks for Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) algorithm was adopted to detect vegetation breakpoint change times and magnitudes from satellite observations. Our results indicated that approximately 80.1% of vegetation areas experienced at least one abrupt change from 2000 to 2017, and most of these areas were distributed in the southern and northern parts of the study area, especially the area surrounding Qinghai Lake. The abrupt browning changes were much more widespread than the abrupt greening changes for most years of the study period. Environmental factors and anthropogenic activities mainly drove the abrupt vegetation changes. Long-term overgrazing is likely the main cause of the abrupt browning changes. In addition, our results indicate that national ecological protection policies have achieved positive effects in the study area.

Probiotics Down-Regulate flaA σ28 Promoter in Campylobacter jejuni

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2295-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
WU DING ◽  
HAIFENG WANG ◽  
MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are important members of the gastrointestinal microflora of humans and animals and are thought to have positive effects on human health. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in using these microorganisms as probiotics to be incorporated into either fermented dairy products or tablets. However, convincing scientific data that support claims of their health benefits are scarce. The effect of cell-free extracts of milk fermented by 10 probiotic bacteria (five Bifidobacterium strains and five Lactobacillus strains) on the expression of the flaA gene of Campylobacter jejuni was assessed using a fusion between the flaA σ28 promoter and a promoterless luxCDABE cassette carried on the plasmid pRYluxCDABE, which resulted in strains with quantifiable luminescence linked to flaA σ28 promoter activity. Cell-free extracts of milk fermented by all of the tested probiotic strains inhibited the growth of the C. jejuni and down-regulated flaA σ28 promoter activity. Two nonprobiotic lactic acid bacterial strains, Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, were less inhibitory.

scholarly journals Lead-resistant bacteria isolated from oil wastewater sample for bioremediation of lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249
Author(s):  
U. Utami ◽  
L. Harianie ◽  
N. R. Dunyana ◽  
Romaidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Oil Wastewater

Abstract Anthropogenic activities such as oil exploration have resulted in an environmental concern as they are comprised of residual hydrocarbons and metals. Following the hypothesis that endogenous bacterial communities have enhanced tolerance to heavy metals, we isolated and characterized culturable lead-resistant bacteria from an oil wastewater sample and determined whether they could reduce lead ions from the medium. The wastewater sample containing indigenous bacteria were taken out from a traditional oil field, Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia, and bacteria were cultured Halomonas complex (HMC) medium containing lead (II) chloride (PbCl2) with different concentrations. Bioaccumulation of lead by heavy-metals resistant bacteria was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our result found 21 bacterial strains that resist lead ions, of which one strain (RPb5-3) highly resisted to 10 mM. This bacterial strain also exhibited the highest accumulation of Pb, and it could grow at various temperatures, or more than their original environment. The bacterial strains could be used for bioremediation of lead toxicity, especially in oil pollutants.

Comparative methods to assess renovation impact on indoor hygrothermal quality in a historical art gallery

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-505
Author(s):  
Shashwat Ganguly ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Michael Browne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Tight Set ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

This paper presents a set of methods for renovation impact assessment of indoor hygrothermal conditions in a culturally significant historical building, functioning as an art gallery. A new parameter, Renovation Impact Index (RII), was developed and used for the assessment. The RII is defined as the performance gradient of indoor hygrothermal conditions over two annual periods, the year before and the year after the renovations. The performances of the two most critical parameters to artwork conservation – temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) – were assessed with respect to conservation specifications. RII was defined over two windows: tight set points specified in the BS 5454 : 2000 Conservation Standard and a relaxed strategy for energy saving potential. ‘Global’ Performance Index was obtained as a combined effect of T and RH. A seasonal analysis was undertaken for detailed study of renovation impact on individual seasons. Results identified the positive effects of the renovation solutions, with the indoor environment then being less influenced by outdoor weather changes. In addition to energy savings of 27%, the positive RII estimate showed quantitative improvement in hygrothermal performance. The proposed methods can be extended to other renovation projects in similar buildings to assist building managers to target future improvements.

scholarly journals Daily torpor is associated with telomere length change over winter in Djungarian hamsters

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Turbill ◽  
Steve Smith ◽  
Caroline Deimel ◽  
Thomas Ruf
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Phodopus Sungorus ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Telomere Length ◽  
Air Temperatures

Ageing can progress at different rates according to an individual's physiological state. Natural hypothermia, including torpor and hibernation, is a common adaptation of small mammals to survive intermittent or seasonal declines in environmental conditions. In addition to allowing energy savings, hypothermia and torpor have been associated with retarded ageing and increased longevity. We tested the hypothesis that torpor use slows ageing by measuring changes in the relative telomere length (RTL) of Djungarian hamsters, Phodopus sungorus , a highly seasonal rodent using spontaneous daily torpor, over 180 days of exposure to a short-day photoperiod and warm (approx. 20°C) or cold (approx. 9°C) air temperatures. Multi-model inference showed that change in RTL within individuals was best explained by positive effects of frequency of torpor use, particularly at low body temperatures, as well as the change in body mass and initial RTL. Telomere dynamics have been linked to future survival and proposed as an index of rates of biological ageing. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that daily torpor is associated with physiological changes that increase somatic maintenance and slow the processes of ageing.

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