scholarly journals Functional Analysis of a Polluted River Microbiome Reveals a Metabolic Potential for Bioremediation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Luz Breton-Deval ◽  
Ayixon Sanchez-Reyes ◽  
Alejandro Sanchez-Flores ◽  
Katy Juárez ◽  
Ilse Salinas-Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Xenobiotic Biodegradation

The objective of this study is to understand the functional and metabolic potential of the microbial communities along the Apatlaco River and highlight activities related to bioremediation and its relationship with the Apatlaco’s pollutants, to enhance future design of more accurate bioremediation processes. Water samples were collected at four sampling sites along the Apatlaco River (S1–S4) and a whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed to survey and understand the microbial metabolic functions with potential for bioremediation. A HMMER search was used to detect sequence homologs related to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene biodegradation, along with bacterial metal tolerance in Apatlaco River metagenomes. Our results suggest that pollution is a selective pressure which enriches microorganisms at polluted sites, displaying metabolic capacities to tolerate and transform the contamination. According to KEGG annotation, all sites along the river have bacteria with genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation. In particular, functions such as environmental processing, xenobiotic biodegradation and glycan biosynthesis are over-represented in polluted samples, in comparison to those in the clean water site. This suggests a functional specialization in the communities that inhabit each perturbated point. Our results can contribute to the determination of the partition in a metabolic niche among different Apatlaco River prokaryotic communities, that help to contend with and understand the effect of anthropogenic contamination.

LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Ilexsaponin A1 and Its Application in Intestinal Bacterial Metabolic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-781
Author(s):  
Liang Wu ◽  
An Kang ◽  
Yujie Lin ◽  
Chenxiao Shan ◽  
Zhu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Metabolic Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Ilexsaponin A1, one of the most representative triterpene saponin components in the roots of I. pubescens, showed its effects in anticoagulation and antithrombosis, attenuating ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial, angiogenesis and inhibiting phosphodiesterase. Objective: Reveal the key intestinal bacterial strains responsible for ilexsaponin A1 metabolism, and clarify their metabolic behavior. Methods: An accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of “ilexsaponin A1 in General Anaerobic Medium (GAM) broth” was established and systematically validated. Then it was applied to screen and study the metabolic potential of the intestinal bacterial strains in an anaerobic incubation system. Results: Quantitation of ilexsaponin A1 could be performed within an analytical run time of 14.5 min, in the linear range of 2 - 2000 ng/ml. Enterobacter sakazakii, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, and Bifidobacterium angulatum were identified to have a potential effect to metabolize ilexsaponin A1 to different extents; and further bacterial metabolic studies were performed to clarify their metabolic capacity and behavior. Conclusion: This paper contributes to a better understanding of the intestinal bacterial metabolism of ilexsaponin A1 and provides scientific evidence for its clinical application. Additionally, the importance of intestinal bacterial strains in the disposition of natural products was also highlighted.

scholarly journals One step towards bioremediating a heavily polluted river: Metagenomic insights on the function of microbial community

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Breton-Deval ◽  
Ayixon Sanchez-Reyes ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Flores ◽  
Katy Juárez ◽  
Patricia Mussali-Galante
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
One Step ◽  
Bioremediation Processes

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to understand the functional potential of the microbial community related to bioremediation activity and its relationship with the pollution of each site to enhance the future design of more accurate bioremediation processes. Water samples were collected at four sampling sites along the Apatlaco River (S1-S4), and a whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed to know and understand the microbial community involved in bioremediation. Additionally, HMMER was used for searching sequence homologs related to PET and polystyrene biodegradation and metal transformation in Apatlaco River metagenomes. The Apatlaco River is characterized by the presence of a broad spectrum of microorganisms with the metabolic potential to carry out bioremediation activities. Every site along the Apatlaco River has a particular community to perform bioremediation activities. The first site S1 has Thiomonas, Polaromonas, Pedobacter, and Myroides, S2 has Pedobacter, Myroides, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, S3, Thiomonas, Myroides, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas; S4, Thiomonas, Myroides and Pseudomonas, Thauera.Furthermore, every site is rich in specific enzymes such as S1 has dioxygenase and dehydrogenase, which can degrade Catechol, Biphenyl, Naphthalene, and Phthalate. While, S2 and S3 are rich in dioxygenase and decarboxylating dehydrogenases to degrade Toluene, Fluorobenzoate, Xylene, Phenylpropanoate, and Phenol. S3 also has monooxygenases which degrade Benzene, and all the earlier mentioned enzymes were also found at S4.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Workinger ◽  
Robert. Doyle ◽  
Jonathan Bortz
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Critical Mineral ◽  
Unique Mechanism

Magnesium is a critical mineral in the human body and is involved in ~80% of known metabolic functions. It is currently estimated that 60% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) and 45% of Americans are magnesium deficient, a condition associated with disease states like hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders, to name a few. Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by as much as 80–90% in the last 100 years. However, despite this mineral’s importance, it is poorly understood from several standpoints, not the least of which is its unique mechanism of absorption and sensitive compartmental handling in the body, making the determination of magnesium status difficult. The reliance on several popular sample assays has contributed to a great deal of confusion in the literature. This review will discuss causes of magnesium deficiency, absorption, handling, and compartmentalization in the body, highlighting the challenges this creates in determining magnesium status in both clinical and research settings.

Determination of anthropogenic contamination by 137Cs, 240Pu/239Pu and 235U/238U in lichens and mosses from Russian Arctic areas 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Salminen-Paatero ◽  
Paul Dutheil ◽  
Timo Sundström ◽  
Ilia Rodushkin ◽  
Jussi Paatero
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Hpge Gamma Spectrometry

<p>Lichen and moss samples were collected from Russian Arctic areas (Kola Peninsula, Franz Josef Land and few other locations) in the 1990s. In 2020, <sup>137</sup>Cs was determined by HPGe gamma spectrometry from these samples after which isotopes of Pu and U were radiochemically separated from the samples. Mass ratios <sup>240</sup>Pu/<sup>239</sup>Pu and <sup>235</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U were determined by ICP-MS for utilizing the characteristic isotopic fingerprints of different nuclear events. The aim of the work was to survey radioactive contamination sources in terrestrial environment in Russian Arctic regions, which have not yet been completely explored in respect to anthropogenic isotopes and their origin in the environment.</p>

scholarly journals Distribution and Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Karra River, Hetauda, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Pradhanang
Keyword(s):  
River Sediment ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
Polluted Sites

A five-step sequential extraction procedure was applied for the determination of the distribution of four elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) in sediment of the Karra River. Sediment samples were collected from 16 different sites in the Karra River (upstream, industrial belt, downstream). The distribution of trace metals among exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions were determined. The total concentration of metals varies in the range of Cr 72–4339.54 mg kg?1, Mn 22–411.93 mg kg?1, Fe 2967.23-32423.0 mg kg?1 and Ni 31.70-180.74 mg kg?1. The accuracy evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five individual fractions proved to be satisfactory. The chemical speciation of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in most sampling stations were in the order of residual > reducible > oxidazable > carbonate> exchangeable. Fractionation analysis showed that dominant metals are in residual fraction. The highest metal concentrations were observed at the most polluted sites of the industrial belt. High concentration of chromium was found in the Fe-Mn oxide and organic fraction in some of the sites of industrial belt.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 123-128

scholarly journals Nisin Influence on the Antimicrobial Resistance Ability of Canine Oral Enterococci

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Eva Cunha ◽  
Rita Janela ◽  
Margarida Costa ◽  
Luís Tavares ◽  
Ana Salomé Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
Selection Window ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases in dogs. Although previous studies have shown the potential of the antimicrobial peptide nisin for PD control, there is no information regarding its influence in the development of antimicrobial resistance or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Nisin’s mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and selection window (MSW) were determined for a collection of canine oral enterococci. Isolates recovered after the determination of the MPC values were characterized for their antimicrobial profile and its nisin minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. The potential of vanA HGT between Enterococcus faecium CCGU36804 and nine clinical canine staphylococci and enterococci was evaluated. Nisin MPC values ranged from 400 to more than 600 μg/mL. In comparison with the original enterococci collection, the isolates recovered after the determination of the nisin MPC showed increased resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanate (5%), vancomycin (5%), enrofloxacin (10%), gentamicin (10%) and imipenem (15%). The HGT of vanA gene was not observed. This work showed that nisin selective pressure may induce changes in the bacteria’s antimicrobial resistance profile but does not influence horizontal transfer of vanA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nisin’s MPC and MSW determination regarding canine enterococci.

Heavy-metal tolerance of photobiont in pioneer lichens inhabiting heavily polluted sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Rola ◽  
Ewa Latkowska ◽  
Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel ◽  
Piotr Osyczka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Polluted Sites

scholarly journals A SIMPLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE TRACE DETERMINATION OF COPPER(II)

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (18) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Guru Prasad ALURU ◽  
Srilalitha VINNAKOTA ◽  
Ramana Kumar KAKARLA ◽  
RAO KRISHNA RAO Ravindranath LAKSHMANA
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Trace Determination ◽  
Method Detection Limit ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Determination Of Copper

Copper is an essential trace nutrient for plants, animals. It is very essential at lower levels for specific metabolic functions, but is harmful at elevated levels. Significant amount of copper is widespread in the environment form variety of sources. A simple spectrophotometric method is presented for the determination of trace amounts of copper using salicyl salicyclic acid hydrazone (SSAH) as a spectrophotometric reagent. The proposed method has the advantages of sensitivity, rapidity and selectivity without any prior separation or extraction. The method was based on the reaction between SSAH and Cu(II) in acidic medium to produce a greenish-yellow colored complex. The complex has an absorption maximum at 420 nm. Beer’s law is obayed in the concentration range 0.2497 to 2.2471 μg mL−1. Several parameters like stability constant (1.13×107), molar absorption coefficient (8.560×104 L mol–1cm–1), Sandell’s sensitivity (0.0007 μg cm–2), linear calibration range, stoichiometry of the complex (1:1), method detection limit (0.0299 μg mL–1), limit of quantification (0.0598 μg mL–1), standard deviation (2.624%–3.567%) etc were calculated and presented. The effect of foreign ions on the determination was presented. The method was successfully applied for the determination of copper in spiked water samples and alloy samples.

scholarly journals Metabolic tuning of a stable microbial community in the surface oligotrophic Indian Ocean revealed by integrated meta-omics

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Xian Xie ◽  
Ke-Qiang Yan ◽  
Ling-Fen Kong ◽  
Ying-Bao Gai ◽  
Tao Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Environmental Forcing ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Microbial Response ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms, structuring microbial communities in oligotrophic ocean surface waters remains a major ecological endeavor. Functional redundancy and metabolic tuning are two mechanisms that have been proposed to shape microbial response to environmental forcing. However, little is known about their roles in the oligotrophic surface ocean due to less integrative characterization of community taxonomy and function. Here, we applied an integrated meta-omics-based approach, from genes to proteins, to investigate the microbial community of the oligotrophic northern Indian Ocean. Insignificant spatial variabilities of both genomic and proteomic compositions indicated a stable microbial community that was dominated by Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and SAR11. However, fine tuning of some metabolic functions that are mainly driven by salinity and temperature was observed. Intriguingly, a tuning divergence occurred between metabolic potential and activity in response to different environmental perturbations. Our results indicate that metabolic tuning is an important mechanism for sustaining the stability of microbial communities in oligotrophic oceans. In addition, integrated meta-omics provides a powerful tool to comprehensively understand microbial behavior and function in the ocean.

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