scholarly journals Heterologous Production of β-Caryophyllene and Evaluation of Its Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Fabienne Hilgers ◽  
Samer S. Habash ◽  
Anita Loeschcke ◽  
Yannic Sebastian Ackermann ◽  
Stefan Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rhodobacter Capsulatus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Natural Agents

Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups within the class of secondary metabolites, comprising over 80,000 compounds. They not only exhibit important functions in plant physiology but also have commercial potential in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors due to their promising properties, including various bioactivities against pathogens, inflammations, and cancer. In this work, we therefore aimed to implement the plant sesquiterpenoid pathway leading to β-caryophyllene in the heterologous host Rhodobacter capsulatus and achieved a maximum production of 139 ± 31 mg L−1 culture. As this sesquiterpene offers various beneficial anti-phytopathogenic activities, we evaluated the bioactivity of β-caryophyllene and its oxygenated derivative β-caryophyllene oxide against different phytopathogenic fungi. Here, both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum by up to 40%, while growth of Alternaria brassicicola was only slightly affected, and Phoma lingam and Rhizoctonia solani were unaffected. At the same time, the compounds showed a promising low inhibitory profile for a variety of plant growth-promoting bacteria at suitable compound concentrations. Our observations thus give a first indication that β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide are promising natural agents, which might be applicable for the management of certain plant pathogenic fungi in agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals Future Climate Alters Pathogens-Microbiome Co-occurrence Networks in Wheat Straw Residues during Decomposition

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan ◽  
François Buscot ◽  
Witoon Purahong
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ecological Functions

The return of plant residues to the ground is used to promote soil carbon sequestration, improve soil structure, reduce evaporation, and help to fix additional carbon dioxide in the soil. The microbial communities with diverse ecological functions that colonize plant residues during decomposition are expected to be highly dynamic. We aimed to characterize microbial communities colonizing wheat straw residues and their ecological functions during the early phase of straw decomposition. The experiment, run in Central Germany, was conducted in a conventional farming system under both ambient conditions and a future climate scenario expected in 50–70 years from now. We used MiSeq illumina sequencing and network analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS genes. Our results show that future climate alters the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during decomposition. We detected various microbial ecological functions within wheat straw residues such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, N-fixing bacteria, saprotrophs, and plant pathogenic fungi. Interestingly, plant pathogenic fungi dominated (~87% of the total sequences) within the wheat residue mycobiome under both ambient and future climate conditions. Therefore, we applied co-occurrence network analysis to predict the potential impacts of climate change on the interaction between pathogenic community and other bacterial and fungal microbiomes. The network under ambient climate consisted of 91 nodes and 129 correlations (edges). The highest numbers of connections were detected for the pathogens Mycosphaerella tassiana and Neosetophoma rosigena. The network under future climate consisted of 100 nodes and 170 correlations. The highest numbers of connections were detected for the pathogens Pseudopithomyces rosae and Gibellulopsis piscis. We conclude that the future climate significantly changes the interactions between plant pathogenic fungi and other microorganisms during the early phrase of decomposition.

scholarly journals Names of phytopathogenic fungi: a practical guide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro W Crous ◽  
Amy Y Rossman ◽  
Catherine Aime ◽  
Cavan Allen ◽  
Treena Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
As Species

Names of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes are essential to communicate knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. Many plant pathogenic fungi are pleomorphic, meaning that they produce different asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) morphs in their lifecycles. Because of this, more than one name has been applied to different morphs of the same species, which has confused users of names. The onset of DNA technologies makes it possible to connect different morphs of the same species, resulting in a move to a more natural classification system for fungi, in which a single name for a genus as well as species can now be used. The move to a single nomenclature, as well as the advent of molecular phylogeny and the introduction of polythetic taxonomic approaches has been the main driving force for the re-classification of fungi, including pathogens. Nonetheless, finding the correct name for species remains challenging, but there is a series of steps or considerations that could greatly simplify this process, as outlined here. In addition to various online databases and resources, a list of accurate names is herewith provided of the accepted names of the most common genera and species of phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Sharmila Tirumale ◽  
Nazir Wani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Objective: This study evaluated the Chaetomium cupreum extracts as biocontrol agents against four plant pathogenic fungi (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis azadirachtae, and Rhizoctonia solani).Method: The antifungal activity of n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. cupreum was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi using food poison method.Result: In n-butanol extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 88.3±0.1, F. oxysporum was 59.4±0.2, R. solani was 56.2±0.9, and P. azadirachtae was 52.0±0.1at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. In ethyl acetate extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 86.0±0.5, F. oxysporum was 66.4±0.1, P. azadirachtae was 55.2±0.9, and R. solani was 52.0±0.1 at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: It was found that n-butanol extract is more effective than ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum. Future studies will focus on the purification and characterization of compounds of C. cupreum and their biocontrol capacity with the mechanism for plant pathological applications.

scholarly journals Preliminary checklist of phytopathogenic fungi in Sikkim, India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Present Understanding

Sikkim is an Indian state with unique cultural and natural landscape. Being rich in bioresources, earlier biodiversity explorations have led to enumeration of varied flora and fauna. However, fungi being an important biodiversity component, and especially, the fungal phytopathogens having potential of impacting human economy and food security, present understanding is needed to make vision for the future. In this regard, past works (1877-2011) on phytopathogenic fungi reported from Sikkim were surveyed. In this manuscript, 98 species of plant pathogenic fungi (including anamorphs) under 76 genera are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the species is provided herewith. Further updates will be added in the subsequent versions of the publication.

scholarly journals Talaromyces–Insect Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rosario Nicoletti ◽  
Andrea Becchimanzi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Increasing Trend

Facing the urgent need to reduce the input of agrochemicals, in recent years, the ecological relationships between plants and their associated microorganisms have been increasingly considered as an essential tool for improving crop production. New findings and data have been accumulated showing that the application of fungi can go beyond the specific role that has been traditionally assigned to the species, employed in integrated pest management as entomopathogens or mycoparasites, and that strains combining both aptitudes can be identified and possibly used as multipurpose biocontrol agents. Mainly considered for their antagonistic relationships with plant pathogenic fungi, species in the genus Talaromyces have been more and more widely reported as insect associates in investigations carried out in various agricultural and non-agricultural contexts. Out of a total of over 170 species currently accepted in this genus, so far, 27 have been found to have an association with insects from 9 orders, with an evident increasing trend. The nature of their mutualistic and antagonistic relationships with insects, and their ability to synthesize bioactive compounds possibly involved in the expression of the latter kind of interactions, are analyzed in this paper with reference to the ecological impact and applicative perspectives in crop protection.

scholarly journals Colloidal Silver Hydrogen Peroxide: New Generation Molecule for Management of Phytopathogens

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Hosapura Shekhararaju Mahesha ◽  
Jayasuvarnapura Umapathi Vinay ◽  
Medikeripura Rekhyanaik Ravikumar ◽  
Suryanarayana Visweswarashastry ◽  
Manikyanahalli Chandrashekhara Keerthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Average Size ◽  
New Generation

Plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are a significant threat to global commercial crop production resulting in increased cost of production, reduced crop establishment and productivity. An effort was made to study the antimicrobial activity of silver hydrogen peroxide (SHP) against selected plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria under in vitro conditions. Higher antibacterial activity of SHP was observed against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac; 39.67 mm), Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae (Xap; 39.00 mm), and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs; 36.67 mm) at 500 ppm concentration. SHP was superior to streptocycline (500 ppm) against Xac (25.33 mm) and Xcp (22.67 mm) at 100 ppm. The soil-borne fungi viz., Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium solani failed to initiate mycelium growth on PDA at the concentration of 5000 ppm and above. The average size of SHP particles was 462 nm in diameter, and 73.40% of particles had the size of 378 nm, which reflects the particles present in SHP solution in the form of colloids. The effective doses (100–5000 ppm) did not show any phytotoxicity symptoms in plants, while leaf necrosis was noticed at 10,000 ppm after four days of application. SHP (≤5000 ppm) can be used to effectively manage both fungal and bacterial plant pathogens by a single application. Further field studies need to be conducted for validation and commercial use of SHP.

Are species concepts outdated for fungi? Intraspecific variation in plant-pathogenic fungi illustrates the need for subspecific categorization.

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Enrique Monte ◽  
Rosa Hermosa ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract Precise naming of a species is very important for phytopathogenic fungi because names may carry key information for the management of the fungal diseases. Naming fungal species based on morphological traits or biological properties is outdated and unreliable. This chapter provides the classification of some plant pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillum based on morphological, pathogenicity, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Debate on species identification is no longer a question of being in favour of 'splitters' rather than of 'lumpers', but defining phytopathogenic species is particularly complicated and requires further consideration of subspecific categorizations.

scholarly journals The toxicity of jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.] canatoxin to plant pathogenic fungi

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. A. OLIVEIRA ◽  
V. M. GOMES ◽  
M. P. SALES ◽  
K. V. S. FERNANDES ◽  
C. R. CARLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Toxic Protein ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis

Protein fractions obtained from seeds of the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as well as the amino acid canavanine, present in these seeds, were tested for their capacity to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum. We found that most of the proteins examined and also canavanine did not have any effect on the growth of these fungi. On the other hand the toxic protein canatoxin was found to be effective, at a concentration of 2%, in the inhibition of the growth of M. phaseolina, C. gloesporioides and S. rolfsii.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document