scholarly journals Preliminary checklist of phytopathogenic fungi in Sikkim, India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Present Understanding

Sikkim is an Indian state with unique cultural and natural landscape. Being rich in bioresources, earlier biodiversity explorations have led to enumeration of varied flora and fauna. However, fungi being an important biodiversity component, and especially, the fungal phytopathogens having potential of impacting human economy and food security, present understanding is needed to make vision for the future. In this regard, past works (1877-2011) on phytopathogenic fungi reported from Sikkim were surveyed. In this manuscript, 98 species of plant pathogenic fungi (including anamorphs) under 76 genera are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the species is provided herewith. Further updates will be added in the subsequent versions of the publication.

scholarly journals Preliminary checklist of phytopathogenic fungi in Sikkim, India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Present Understanding

Sikkim is an Indian state with unique cultural and natural landscape. Being rich in bioresources, earlier biodiversity explorations have led to enumeration of varied flora and fauna. However, fungi being an important biodiversity component, and especially, the fungal phytopathogens having potential of impacting human economy and food security, present understanding is needed to make vision for the future. In this regard, past works (1877-2011) on phytopathogenic fungi reported from Sikkim were surveyed. In this manuscript, 98 species of plant pathogenic fungi (including anamorphs) under 76 genera are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the species is provided herewith. Further updates will be added in the subsequent versions of the publication.

scholarly journals Checklist of Deuteromycetous Fungi of Bangladesh 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Anamorphic Fungi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Present Understanding

Earlier biodiversity explorations of Bangladesh have led to enumeration of varied flora and fauna. However, fungi being an important biodiversity component, and especially, the mycoflora having potential of impacting human economy and food security, present understanding is needed to make vision for the future. In this regard, past works (1952-2017) on fungi reported from Bangladesh were studied. Two hundred and ten species of anamorphic fungi under 51 genera of the family Dematiaceae are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the genera is provided herewith.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 2, 115-126, 2017

scholarly journals Names of phytopathogenic fungi: a practical guide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro W Crous ◽  
Amy Y Rossman ◽  
Catherine Aime ◽  
Cavan Allen ◽  
Treena Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
As Species

Names of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes are essential to communicate knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. Many plant pathogenic fungi are pleomorphic, meaning that they produce different asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) morphs in their lifecycles. Because of this, more than one name has been applied to different morphs of the same species, which has confused users of names. The onset of DNA technologies makes it possible to connect different morphs of the same species, resulting in a move to a more natural classification system for fungi, in which a single name for a genus as well as species can now be used. The move to a single nomenclature, as well as the advent of molecular phylogeny and the introduction of polythetic taxonomic approaches has been the main driving force for the re-classification of fungi, including pathogens. Nonetheless, finding the correct name for species remains challenging, but there is a series of steps or considerations that could greatly simplify this process, as outlined here. In addition to various online databases and resources, a list of accurate names is herewith provided of the accepted names of the most common genera and species of phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Sharmila Tirumale ◽  
Nazir Wani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Objective: This study evaluated the Chaetomium cupreum extracts as biocontrol agents against four plant pathogenic fungi (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis azadirachtae, and Rhizoctonia solani).Method: The antifungal activity of n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. cupreum was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi using food poison method.Result: In n-butanol extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 88.3±0.1, F. oxysporum was 59.4±0.2, R. solani was 56.2±0.9, and P. azadirachtae was 52.0±0.1at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. In ethyl acetate extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 86.0±0.5, F. oxysporum was 66.4±0.1, P. azadirachtae was 55.2±0.9, and R. solani was 52.0±0.1 at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: It was found that n-butanol extract is more effective than ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum. Future studies will focus on the purification and characterization of compounds of C. cupreum and their biocontrol capacity with the mechanism for plant pathological applications.

scholarly journals Heterologous Production of β-Caryophyllene and Evaluation of Its Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Fabienne Hilgers ◽  
Samer S. Habash ◽  
Anita Loeschcke ◽  
Yannic Sebastian Ackermann ◽  
Stefan Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rhodobacter Capsulatus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Natural Agents

Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups within the class of secondary metabolites, comprising over 80,000 compounds. They not only exhibit important functions in plant physiology but also have commercial potential in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors due to their promising properties, including various bioactivities against pathogens, inflammations, and cancer. In this work, we therefore aimed to implement the plant sesquiterpenoid pathway leading to β-caryophyllene in the heterologous host Rhodobacter capsulatus and achieved a maximum production of 139 ± 31 mg L−1 culture. As this sesquiterpene offers various beneficial anti-phytopathogenic activities, we evaluated the bioactivity of β-caryophyllene and its oxygenated derivative β-caryophyllene oxide against different phytopathogenic fungi. Here, both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum by up to 40%, while growth of Alternaria brassicicola was only slightly affected, and Phoma lingam and Rhizoctonia solani were unaffected. At the same time, the compounds showed a promising low inhibitory profile for a variety of plant growth-promoting bacteria at suitable compound concentrations. Our observations thus give a first indication that β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide are promising natural agents, which might be applicable for the management of certain plant pathogenic fungi in agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals Identification of pathogenic fungi in garlic bulbs during storage and in the root zone during plant growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
M. A. Filyushin ◽  
O. A. Danilova ◽  
T. M. Seredin
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Relevance and methods. Losses of agricultural crops are associated not only with the development of diseases during the growing season, but also during post-harvest storage. Garlic is a popular vegetable and aromatic crop in world. Significant losses in garlic yield during cultivation and storage are associated with fungal pathogens, the most harmful of which are representatives of the genus Fusarium. In the Moscow region, the defeat of garlic by Fusarium occurs annually, but with varying intensity. At the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC), it was shown that rot and wilting of garlic plants is caused by a complex of pathogenic fungi, including mainly different species of Fusarium. At the same time, the ratio of Fusarium species in the pathogenic complex changes from year to year, new Fusarium species and their races are registered. The aim of this study was to identify fungal phytopathogens causing dry rot of garlic cloves during post-harvest storage. To carry out the work, garlic bulbs of cultivars Dubkovsky and Strelets were taken from the FSVC storage.Results. As a result of visual examination, cloves with symptoms of dry rot were identified. The diseased cloves tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar to obtain fungal colonies. Analysis of the morphological and cultural characteristics of fungal isolates, as well as the nucleotide sequences of four DNA regions (ITS spacers, genes EF1α, RPB1, and RPB2) showed that the causative agent of dry rot of garlic cloves is the pathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum. In addition, in the field, identification was carried out based on the analysis of the sequences of spacers ITS and the EF1αgene of phytopathogenic fungi inhabiting the root zone of garlic plants. As a result, two species of fungi of the genus Fusarium (F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae), as well as the species Rhizoctonia solani, Volutella rosea, and Ceratobasidium sp. were found in the root zone of garlic cultivars.

Are species concepts outdated for fungi? Intraspecific variation in plant-pathogenic fungi illustrates the need for subspecific categorization.

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Enrique Monte ◽  
Rosa Hermosa ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract Precise naming of a species is very important for phytopathogenic fungi because names may carry key information for the management of the fungal diseases. Naming fungal species based on morphological traits or biological properties is outdated and unreliable. This chapter provides the classification of some plant pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillum based on morphological, pathogenicity, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Debate on species identification is no longer a question of being in favour of 'splitters' rather than of 'lumpers', but defining phytopathogenic species is particularly complicated and requires further consideration of subspecific categorizations.

scholarly journals The toxicity of jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.] canatoxin to plant pathogenic fungi

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. A. OLIVEIRA ◽  
V. M. GOMES ◽  
M. P. SALES ◽  
K. V. S. FERNANDES ◽  
C. R. CARLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Toxic Protein ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis

Protein fractions obtained from seeds of the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as well as the amino acid canavanine, present in these seeds, were tested for their capacity to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum. We found that most of the proteins examined and also canavanine did not have any effect on the growth of these fungi. On the other hand the toxic protein canatoxin was found to be effective, at a concentration of 2%, in the inhibition of the growth of M. phaseolina, C. gloesporioides and S. rolfsii.

scholarly journals Streptomycetes antagonism against Cladosporium fulvum Cooke and Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1897-1900
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Fermino Soares ◽  
Carla da Silva Sousa ◽  
Marlon da Silva Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Development Methods

This research aimed to evaluate the secondary effects of secondary metabolites produced by streptomycetes on spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Cladosporium fulvum Cooke and Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici from tomato plants. Metabolites produced by streptomycete isolates codified as AC-147 and AC-92 caused 94.1% inhibition of C. fulvum while AC-95 isolate caused 33.9% inhibition. AC-92 was the most efficient for F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causing 94.2% inhibition of spore germination. For mycelial growth, AC-26 and AC-92 were the most efficient in inhibiting C. fulvum growth by 46.6% and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by 29.9%. These streptomycetes are potential agents for biocontrol development methods of these tomato plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in solid media in comparison with common Fungicide

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Solid Media

A study carried out for study effect of furfural that extracted from corn cobs by using specialized reaction system laboratory on phytopathogenic fungi: Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani in addition to biocontrol fungus Trichoderma viride were isolated from infected plants and from their rhizosphere . The preparation results of different concentrations from stock solution in concentration 1% of furflural showed that The concentration was 100 ppm of furfural was inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum46.7 % and the was in concentration 400 ppm. while the concentration 500 ppm caused inhibition 50% and 41.1% of R. solani and F. solani respectively. Whereas the concentration 500 ppm didn’t cause inhibition of M.phaseolina. The concentration 1500 ppm caused the complete inhibition of R. solani and M.phaseolina .Also the concentration 500 ppm of furfural caused46.7 % inhibition of T.viride and complete inhibition in the concentration 1500 ppm .However complete inhibition of F. solani in the concentration 2500 ppm. The concentration 25ppm active ingredient (a. i.) of Ridomil caused 100% inhibition of P. aphanidermatum, while The concentration 20 ppm active ingredient (a. i.)of Benomyl caused 100% inhibition of R. solani and M. phaseolina, and 25ppm active ingredient (a. i.) caused 100% inhibition of F.solani. There was no effect of heat treatment (121C0) on furfural activity against the fungi .

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