scholarly journals Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Ippolito ◽  
Barbara Simone ◽  
Carlotta Filisina ◽  
Francesca Romana Catalanotto ◽  
Giulia Catalisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Background: Little is known about the occurrence of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the related clinical consequences. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled occurrence of BSIs among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and mortality of this patient population. Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to 19 April 2021. The primary outcome was the occurrence of BSIs among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The secondary outcome was mortality at the longest available follow-up. Results: Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 42,694 patients evaluated. The estimated occurrence of BSIs was 7.3% (95% CI 4.7–1.1%) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with a mortality rate of 41% (95% CI 30%–52.8%). The subgroup analysis conducted on patients admitted to ICU provided an estimated occurrence of 29.6% (95% CI 21.7%–38.8%). A higher occurrence of BSI was observed in patients with COVID-19, in comparison with patients without COVID-19 (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.53–5.02; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our analysis estimated the occurrence of BSIs among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at around 7%. A four-times higher occurrence was estimated among patients admitted to ICU.

scholarly journals Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Ippolito ◽  
Giovanni Misseri ◽  
Giulia Catalisano ◽  
Claudia Marino ◽  
Giulia Ingoglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay ◽  
Reporting Data

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among patients admitted to an intensive care unit with COVID-19 and mortality of those who developed VAP. We performed a systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 2nd March 2021 for nonrandomized studies specifically addressing VAP in adult patients with COVID-19 and reporting data on at least one primary outcome of interest. Random effect single-arm meta-analysis was performed for the occurrence of VAP and mortality (at the longest follow up) and ICU length of stay. Twenty studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, for a total of 2611 patients with at least one episode of VAP. The pooled estimated occurrence of VAP was of 45.4% (95% C.I. 37.8–53.2%; 2611/5593 patients; I2 = 96%). The pooled estimated occurrence of mortality was 42.7% (95% C.I. 34–51.7%; 371/946 patients; I2 = 82%). The estimated summary estimated metric mean ICU LOS was 28.58 days (95% C.I. 21.4–35.8; I2 = 98%). Sensitivity analysis showed that patients with COVID-19 may have a higher risk of developing VAP than patients without COVID-19 (OR 3.24; 95% C.I. 2.2–4.7; P = 0.015; I2 = 67.7%; five studies with a comparison group).

scholarly journals Impact of Hydroxychloroquine on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Hong ◽  
Jimmy Gonzalez ◽  
Ronald G. Nahass ◽  
Luigi Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Significant Health

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant health and economic havoc around the globe. One of the early agents targeted for repurposing to treat and prevent COVID-19 was hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, HCQ is evaluated for its potential role in decreasing mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and medRxiv databases using combinations of the terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “hydroxychloroquine”, and “mortality”. Articles were selected for further review based on the content of their abstracts. Studies were excluded if they were of poor methodological quality, were not based in the inpatient setting, or did not have available data to assess the primary outcome of death between patients treated with HCQ versus standard of care. Once the final dataset was compiled, a meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed. Our search identified 14 studies involving 24,780 patients of whom 12,707 patients were on HCQ alone or in combination with other adjuvant therapies. HCQ alone or in combination with other drugs did not significantly decrease mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.72–1.26; p = 0.732; I2 = 91.05). Similar findings were observed in all subgroup analyses. HCQ did not significantly impact mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Additional well-designed studies are essential due to the heterogeneity in available studies.

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

scholarly journals Glycemic Index of Gluten-Free Bread and Their Main Ingredients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Bernardo Romão ◽  
Ana Luísa Falcomer ◽  
Gabriela Palos ◽  
Sandra Cavalcante ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Glycemic Profile

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the glycemic index (GI) of gluten-free bread (GFB) and its main ingredients. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, using seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, gray literature research with Google Scholar, and patents with Google Patent tool), from inception to November 2020. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria evaluating 132 GFB samples. Five articles tested GI in vivo, eleven in vitro; and two studies tested both methods. The analysis showed that 60.7% (95% CI: 40.2–78.1%) of the samples presented high glycemic indexes, evidencing a high glycemic profile for GFB. Only 18.2% (95% CI: 11.7–27.2%) of the bread samples presented in the studies were classified as a low GI. Meta-analysis presented moderate/low heterogenicity between studies (I2 = 61% and <1% for both high and low GIs) and reinforced the proportion of high GIs. Lower GIs were found in formulations based on Colocasia esculenta flour or enriched with fiber, yogurt and curd cheese, sourdough, psyllium, hydrocolloids, enzymes, fructans, and resistant starch, highlighting the efficacy of these ingredients to lower GFBs’ GI. GFB tends to present high GI, impacting the development of chronic diseases when consumed.

scholarly journals The effect of methadone on depression among addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mohammadi ◽  
Mohsen Kazeminia ◽  
Nasrin Abdoli ◽  
Behnam Khaledipaveh ◽  
Shamarina Shohaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Opioids addiction and misuse are among the major problems in the world today. There have been several preliminary studies examining the effect of methadone on depression among addicts, however, these studies have reported inconsistent and even contradictory results. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of methadone on depression in addicts in Iran and around the world, using a meta-analysis approach. Methods This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis including articles published in the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically to find articles published from 2006 to March 2019. Heterogeneity index was determined using the Cochran's test (Qc) and I2. Considering heterogeneity of studies, the random effects model was used to estimate the standardized difference of mean score for depression. Subsequently, the level of depression reduction in Iran and worldwide in the intervention group before and after the testwas measured. Results A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria, and were therefore selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The sample size of the intervention group in the selected studies was 1948. According to the meta-analysis results, the mean depression score in the intervention group was 26.4 ± 5.6 and 18.4 ± 2.6 before and after intervention respectively, indicating the reducing effect of methadone on depression, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The results of the present study show that methadone significantly reduces depression in addicts. Therefore, regular methadone use can be part of a drug treatment plan.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Marchello ◽  
Ariella P. Dale ◽  
Sruti Pisharody ◽  
Matthew P. Rubach ◽  
John A. Crump
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Community Onset

ABSTRACT Community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI) are major causes of severe febrile illness and death worldwide. In light of new data and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogens causing BSI, we undertook a systematic review of hospital-based studies of CO-BSI among patients hospitalized with fever. Without restriction to language or country, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective hospital-based studies of culture-confirmed CO-BSI among febrile inpatients. We determined by study the prevalence of BSI among participants, the pathogens responsible for BSI, and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing BSI, according to place and time. Thirty-four (77.3%) of 44 eligible studies recruited 29,022 participants in Africa and Asia combined. Among participants in these two regions, the median prevalence of BSI was 12.5% (range, 2.0 to 48.4%); of 3,220 pathogens isolated, 1,119 (34.8%) were Salmonella enterica, 425 (13.2%) Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 282 (8.8%) Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was reported in 16 (36.4%) studies. When isolates collected prior to 2008 were compared to those collected in the period of 2008 through 2018, the proportions of typhoidal Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to several clinically relevant antimicrobials increased over time, while S. pneumoniae susceptibility was stable. CO-BSI remain a major cause of severe febrile illness among hospitalized patients in Africa and Asia, with S. enterica, S. pneumoniae, and E. coli predominating. There is a concerning increase in AMR among serious infections caused by community-onset pathogens. Ongoing surveillance is needed to inform empirical management and strategies to control AMR.

scholarly journals Impact of Non-Confinement Accommodation on Farrowing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Farrowing Crates Versus Pens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dannielle Glencorse ◽  
Kate Plush ◽  
Susan Hazel ◽  
Darryl D’Souza ◽  
Michelle Hebart
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
Partial Confinement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Piglet Survival

There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of farrowing house accommodation on piglet performance. The aim of this investigation was to use a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarise the results of publications that focused on direct comparisons between full confinement conventional crates and various designs of loose-housed farrowing pens from loading until weaning. Literature searches in Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, Cab Abstracts, and Web of Science identified 6695 articles. Twenty-two publications were retained for the systematic review and individual meta-analyses after screening for inclusion criteria. The random effects meta-analyses were performed on crate versus pen for number of piglets born alive, number of stillborn piglets, pre-weaning mortality, and number of piglets weaned. Additionally, the modifiers of confinement length (no confinement from loading until weaning or partial confinement for shorter periods of time in the early stages post parturition), enrichment (no enrichment or enrichment provided), and pen size (small, medium, or large) were examined. There was a 14% increase in the relative risk of piglet mortality in farrowing pens when they were compared with crates (p = 0.0015). The number of stillborns per litter was not different between the pen and crate. However, when providing enrichment in the pens, there was an increase in stillborns within farrowing crates versus pens (p = 0.009). There was no overall effect on piglets that were born alive or number weaned. As there is no difference between piglets born alive and mortality is significantly higher in farrowing pens, a reduction in the number of piglets weaned was expected but not observed, which was possibly due to the lack of weaning details provided in the publications. This was the first systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on the performance of farrowing accommodation and identified that farrowing pens do compromise post-natal piglet survival. Future efforts should focus on improving sow comfort in the farrowing crate to maximize both piglet and sow welfare.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vaccinating household contacts in addition to chemoprophylaxis after a case of meningococcal disease: a systematic review

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. HOEK ◽  
H. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
W. HELLENBRAND ◽  
P. STEFANOFF ◽  
M. HOWITZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Unpublished Report

SUMMARYWe performed a systematic review to estimate the effectiveness of vaccination, in addition to chemoprophylaxis, in preventing meningococcal disease among household contacts. Medline, EMBASE, EMGM, and EUIBIS were used for data collection. Studies reporting on at least 100 primary cases and on subsequent cases in household settings with follow-up of more than 2 weeks after onset of disease in the primary case were reviewed. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the average attack rate in household contacts given chemoprophylaxis 14–365 days after onset of disease in the primary case. In total, 652 studies were identified, five studies and one unpublished report met the inclusion criteria. The weighted average attack rate was 1·1/1000 household contacts (95% CI 0·7–1·7). This review supports vaccination of household contacts in addition to chemoprophylaxis to reduce the risk of meningococcal disease among household contacts of a case caused by a vaccine-preventable serogroup.

Treatment of Superficial Vein Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (03) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Duffett ◽  
Clive Kearon ◽  
Marc Rodger ◽  
Marc Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Deep Vein

Background The optimal first line treatment for patients with isolated superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) of the lower extremity is unknown. Objective This article reports estimates of the rate of venous thromboembolic complications among patients with SVT according to treatment. Materials and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using unrestricted searches of electronic databases. Reported events were transformed to event per 100 patient-years of follow-up and a random effects model was used to calculate pooled rates according to pre-specified treatment categories. The primary outcome was the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) during the study follow-up period. Results Seventeen articles, including 6,862 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Fondaparinux had the lowest event rate with 1.4 events per 100 patient-years of follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–2.8, I 2 = 18%). Pooled event rates for DVT or PE ranged from 9.3 to 16.6 events per 100 patient-years across other treatment categories, and the pooled event rate for no treatment/placebo was 10.5 events per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 3.0–22.0). Major bleeding was low and similar across all treatment categories. Heterogeneity was moderate to high for most pooled estimates. Conclusion While pooled event rates suggest that fondaparinux achieves the lowest rate of DVT or PE, low-quality evidence for other treatments prevents firm conclusions about the optimal treatment for SVT.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Viral Shedding Time in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danying Yan ◽  
Xiaobao Zhang ◽  
Can Chen ◽  
Daixi Jiang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Background: The viral shedding time (VST) of SARS-CoV-2 mainly determines its transmission and duration of infectiousness. However, it was heterogeneous in the existing studies. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the VST of SARS-CoV-2.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, CNKI, CSTJ, and Wanfang up to October 25, 2020, for studies that reported VSTs of SARS-CoV-2. Pooled estimates and 95% CIs for the VSTs were calculated using log-transformed data. The VSTs in SARS-CoV-2 infections based on different demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments and specimens were stratified by subgroup analysis.Results: A total of 35 studies involving 3,385 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled mean VST was 16.8 days (95% CI: 14.8–19.4, I2 = 99.56%) in SARS-CoV-2 infections. The VST was significantly longer in symptomatic infections (19.7 days, 95% CI: 17.2–22.7, I2 = 99.34%) than in asymptomatic infections (10.9 days, 95% CI: 8.3–14.3, I2 = 98.89%) (P &lt; 0.05). The VST was 23.2 days (95% CI: 19.0–28.4, I2 = 99.24%) in adults, which was significantly longer than that in children (9.9 days, 95% CI: 8.1–12.2, I2 = 85.74%) (P &lt; 0.05). The VST was significantly longer in persons with chronic diseases (24.2 days, 95% CI: 19.2–30.2, I2 = 84.07%) than in those without chronic diseases (11.5 days, 95% CI: 5.3–25.0, I2 = 82.11%) (P &lt; 0.05). Persons receiving corticosteroid treatment (28.3 days, 95% CI: 25.6–31.2, I2 = 0.00%) had a longer VST than those without corticosteroid treatment (16.2 days, 95% CI: 11.5–22.5, I2 = 92.27%) (P = 0.06). The VST was significantly longer in stool specimens (30.3 days, 95% CI: 23.1–39.2, I2 = 92.09%) than in respiratory tract specimens (17.5 days, 95% CI: 14.9–20.6, I2 = 99.67%) (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: A longer VST was found in symptomatic infections, infected adults, persons with chronic diseases, and stool specimens.

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