Pilot Study on the Forehead Skin Microbiome and Short Chain Fatty Acids Depending on the SC Functional Index in Korean Cohorts

Dry skin is one of the indicators of a compromised skin barrier. An intact skin barrier is not only important to reserve the hydration within the epidermal tissue but also to protect our skin from environmental stressors and inhibit pathogen invasion; damage to the skin barrier may lead to inflammatory skin diseases. Some microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids may inhibit or destroy harmful bacteria and regulate the host immune system. The impact of the skin microbiome and short chain fatty acids on skin barrier function was studied in two groups of 75 participants each. The cohort was equally divided in dry and moist skin types, based on stratum corneum (SC) functionality index (SCFI), reflecting the ratio of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). A dry group represents a low SCFI and a moist group a high SCFI. Compared with the dry skin group, propionate and Cutibacterium levels (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the moist group. Levels of Cutibacterium were negatively correlated with those of Staphylococcus (p <0.0001) in both dry and moist groups. The moist group also had a significantly higher propionate concentration (p < 0.001). This study showed that the microbial community and short chain fatty acid concentration may be considered as significant determinants of the SCFI of the skin.

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Dietary Cerebroside from Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus): Absorption and Effects on Skin Barrier and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02564 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (37) ◽

pp. 7014-7021 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jingjing Duan ◽

Marina Ishida ◽

Kazuhiko Aida ◽

Tsuyoshi Tsuduki ◽

Jin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Stichopus Japonicus ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Synbiotics impact on dominant faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids production in sows

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1093/femsle/fnz157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 366 (13) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽

Agnieszka Chlebicz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

High Performance ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of synbiotics on intestinal microbiota and its metabolism in sows. Three different synbiotics were administered with feed to animals from three experimental groups. Two groups of sows were given commercially available probiotics (BioPlus 2B®, Cylactin® LBC) as forage additives for comparison. The control group of sows was given unmodified fodder. The study was conducted for 48 days (10 days before farrowing, and continued 38 days after) and faeces samples were collected four times. The scope of this work was to designate the dominant microbiota in sows’ faeces. Therefore, the total number of anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Enterococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and yeast was determined, using the plate method. Changes in the concentration of lactic acid, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were also determined in correlation with the feed additives administered to the sows using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). Our results allowed us to conclude that synbiotics have a beneficial effect on intestinal microbiota of sows and its metabolism. We observed that the impact of the synbiotics on the microbiota was more significant than the one induced by probiotics.

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Short Chain Fatty Acids Modulate the Growth and Virulence of Pathosymbiont Escherichia coli and Host Response

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9080462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 462

Author(s):

Shiying Zhang ◽

Belgin Dogan ◽

Cindy Guo ◽

Deepali Herlekar ◽

Katrina Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Host Responses ◽

Virulence Gene Expression ◽

E Coli ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), principally acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced by fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota. SCFA regulate the growth and virulence of enteric pathogens, such as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Klebsiella and Salmonella. We sought to investigate the impact of SCFA on growth and virulence of pathosymbiont E. coli associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and their role in regulating host responses to bacterial infection in vitro. We found that under ileal conditions (pH = 7.4; 12 mM total SCFA), SCFA significantly (p < 0.05) potentiate the growth and motility of pathosymbiont E. coli. However, under colonic conditions (pH = 6.5; 65 to 123 mM total SCFA), SCFA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit growth in a pH dependent fashion (up to 60%), and down-regulate virulence gene expression (e.g., fliC, fimH, htrA, chuA, pks). Functional analysis reveals that colonic SCFA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit E. coli motility (up to 95%), infectivity (up to 60%), and type 1 fimbria-mediated agglutination (up to 50%). In addition, SCFA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit the activation of NF-kB, and IL-8 production by epithelial cells. Our findings provide novel insights on the role of the regional chemical microenvironment in regulating the growth and virulence of pathosymbiont E. coli and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

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Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism. II. Metabolism in ruminant tissues

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/095442299108728866 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 147-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

E. F Annison ◽

W. L Bryden

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Isotope Dilution ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

N Metabolism ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThe discovery of the dominance of short-chain fatty acids as energy sources in the 1940s and 1950s, as discussed in part I of this review (Annison & Bryden, 1998) led to uncertainties concerning the interrelationships of glucose and acetate in ruminant metabolism. These were resolved in the following decade largely by use of14C-labelled substrates. Although only small amounts of glucose are absorbed in most dietary situations, glucose availability to ruminant tissues as measured by isotope dilution was shown to be substantial, indicating that gluconeogenesis is a major metabolic activity in both fed and fasted states. Studies with14C-labelled glucose and acetate revealed that in contrast to non-ruminants, acetate and not glucose is the major precursor of long-chain fatty acids in ruminant tissues. Interest in the measurement of energy metabolism in livestock grew rapidly from the 1950s. Most laboratories adopted indirect calorimetry and precise measurements of the energy expenditure of ruminants contributed to the development of new feeding systems. More recently, alternative approaches to the measurement of energy expenditure have included the use of NMR spectroscopy, isotope dilution and the application of the Fick principle to measure O2consumption in the whole animal and in defined tissues. The refinement of the classical arterio-venous difference procedure in the study of mammary gland metabolism in the 1960s, particularly when combined with isotope dilution, encouraged the use of these methods to generate quantitative data on the metabolism of a range of defined tissues. The recent introduction of new methods for the continuous monitoring of both blood flow and blood O2content has greatly increased the precision and scope of arterio-venous difference measurements. The impact of data produced by these and other quantitative procedures on current knowledge of the metabolism of glucose, short-chain fatty acids and lipids, and on N metabolism, is outlined. The role of the portal-drained viscera and liver in N metabolism is discussed in relation to data obtained by the use of multi-catheterized animals. Protein turnover, and the impact of stress (physical, social and disease related) on protein metabolism have been reviewed. The growth of knowledge of mammary gland metabolism and milk synthesis since the first quantitative studies in the 1960s has been charted. Recent findings on the regulation of amino acid uptake and utilization by the mammary gland, and on the control of milk secretion, are of particular interest and importance.

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Synbiotics impact on dominant faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids production in sows

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1093/femsle/fnz157s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 366 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i133-i146

Author(s):

Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽

Agnieszka Chlebicz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

High Performance ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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The Role of Diet Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Colorectal Cancer Metabolism and Survival: Prevention and Therapeutic Implications

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666180530102050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (24) ◽

pp. 4087-4108 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sara Daniela Gomes ◽

Cláudia Suellen Oliveira ◽

João Azevedo-Silva ◽

Marta R. Casanova ◽

Judite Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cancer Metabolism ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Aerobic Glycolysis ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. CRC increased risk has been associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota, with decreased production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). SCFAs produced in the human colon are the major products of bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary fiber and starch. While colonocytes use the three major SCFAs, namely acetate, propionate and butyrate, as energy sources, transformed CRC cells primarily undergo aerobic glycolysis. Compared to normal colonocytes, CRC cells exhibit increased sensitivity to SCFAs, thus indicating they play an important role in cell homeostasis. Manipulation of SCFA levels in the intestine, through changes in microbiota, has therefore emerged as a potential preventive/therapeutic strategy for CRC. Interest in understanding SCFAs mechanism of action in CRC cells has increased in the last years. Several SCFA transporters like SMCT-1, MCT-1 and aquaporins have been identified as the main transmembrane transporters in intestinal cells. Recently, it was shown that acetate promotes plasma membrane re-localization of MCT-1 and triggers changes in the glucose metabolism. SCFAs induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells, and further mechanisms have been discovered, including the involvement of lysosomal membrane permeabilization, associated with mitochondria dysfunction and degradation. : In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the transport of SCFAs by CRC cells and their effects on CRC metabolism and survival. The impact of increasing SCFA production by manipulation of colon microbiota on the prevention/therapy of CRC will also be addressed.

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The Impact of the Level of the Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Versus Healthy Subjects

The Open Biochemistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874091x01004010053 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

N. Huda-Faujan ◽

A.S. Abdulamir ◽

A.B. Fatimah ◽

O. Muhammad Anas ◽

M. Shuhaimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Biotic nutritional components in baby formula: possible solution for infantile colic management

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v10i9.737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 368

Author(s):

Yuliya Berezovskaya ◽

Ksenia Varakina-Mitrail ◽

Viktoriya Nechaeva ◽

Irina Kholodova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Short Chain ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Infantile Colic ◽

Nutritional Components ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The etiology and pathogenesis of infantile colic are still unclear but are most likely determined by a range of behavioral and biological components. The diet contribution to the origin of infantile colic also remains controversial. The review considers the role of biotic nutritional components in the colic prevention and treatment, the role of the intestinal microbiome, as well as diagnostic methods based on objective parameters. The impact of prebiotics in the infant diet on the intestinal microbiome composition and its influence on the manifestation of infant colic is considered. The presence of various probiotic cultures in the diet and their relationship to colic symptoms is also discussed. The importance of examination of the bacterial markers composition, metabolites of the intestinal microbiome, in particular, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), has been shown.Keywords: infantile colic, infant formula, nutrient components, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids

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Taxonomic Characterization and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production of the Obese Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.598093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

M. Carmen Martínez-Cuesta ◽

Rosa del Campo ◽

María Garriga-García ◽

Carmen Peláez ◽

Teresa Requena

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Energy Content ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Short Chain ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Intestinal microbiota seems to play a key role in obesity. The impact of the composition and/or functionality of the obesity-associated microbiota have yet to be fully characterized. This work assessed the significance of the taxonomic composition and/or metabolic activity of obese- microbiota by massive 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiome of obese and normoweight individuals. The obese metabolic activity was also assessed by in vitro incubation of obese and normoweight microbiotas in nutritive mediums with different energy content. We found that the microbiome richness and diversity of the two groups did not differ significantly, except for Chao1 index, significantly higher in normoweight individuals. At phylum level, neither the abundance of Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes nor their ratio was associated with the body mass index. Besides, the relative proportions in Collinsella, Clostridium XIVa, and Catenibacterium were significantly enriched in obese participants, while Alistipes, Clostridium sensu stricto, Romboutsia, and Oscillibacter were significantly diminished. In regard to metabolic activity, short-chain fatty acids content was significant higher in obese individuals, with acetate being the most abundant followed by propionate and butyrate. Acetate and butyrate production was also higher when incubating obese microbiota in mediums mimicking diets with different energy content; interestingly, a reduced capability of propionate production was associated to the obese microbiome. In spite of the large interindividual variability, the obese phenotype seems to be defined more by the abundance and/or the absence of distinct communities of microorganism rather than by the presence of a specific population.

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