scholarly journals A Defect Study and Classification of Brown Diamonds with Deformation-Related Color

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hainschwang ◽  
Franck Notari ◽  
Gianna Pamies
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Side Product ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The One ◽  
Annealing Experiments

For this study, the properties of a large sample of various types of brown diamonds with a deformation-related (referred to as “DR” in this work) color were studied to properly characterize and classify such diamonds, and to compare them to pink to purple to red diamonds. The acquisition of low temperature NIR spectra for a large range of brown diamonds and photoexcitation studies combined with various treatment experiments have opened new windows into certain defect characteristics of brown diamonds, such as the amber centers and naturally occurring H1b and H1c centers. It was determined that the amber centers (referred to as “AC” in this work) exhibit rather variable behaviors to annealing and photoexcitation; the annealing temperature of these defects were determined to range from 1150 to >1850 °C and it was found that the 4063 cm−1 AC was the precursor defect of many other ACs. It is suggested that the amber centers in diamonds that contain at least some C centers are essentially identical to the ones seen in diamonds without C centers, but that they likely have a negative charge. The study of the naturally occurring H1b and H1c link them to the amber centers, specifically to the one at 4063 cm−1. Annealing experiments have shown that the H1b and H1c defects and the 4063 cm−1 AC were in line with each other. The obvious links between these defects points towards our suggestion that the H1b and H1c defects are standalone defects that consist of multiple vacancies and nitrogen and that they are—in the case of brown diamonds—a side product of the AC formation. A new classification of DR brown diamonds was elaborated that separates the diamonds in six different classes, depending on type and AC. This classification had been completed recently with the classification of brown diamonds with a non-deformation-related color (referred to as “NDR”), giving a total of 11 classes of brown diamonds.

scholarly journals Modes of Interaction in Naturally Occurring Medical Encounters With General Practitioners: The “One in a Million” Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232199379
Author(s):  
Olaug S. Lian ◽  
Sarah Nettleton ◽  
Åge Wifstad ◽  
Christopher Dowrick
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Mode Competition ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

In this article, we qualitatively explore the manner and style in which medical encounters between patients and general practitioners (GPs) are mutually conducted, as exhibited in situ in 10 consultations sourced from the One in a Million: Primary Care Consultations Archive in England. Our main objectives are to identify interactional modes, to develop a classification of these modes, and to uncover how modes emerge and shift both within and between consultations. Deploying an interactional perspective and a thematic and narrative analysis of consultation transcripts, we identified five distinctive interactional modes: question and answer (Q&A) mode, lecture mode, probabilistic mode, competition mode, and narrative mode. Most modes are GP-led. Mode shifts within consultations generally map on to the chronology of the medical encounter. Patient-led narrative modes are initiated by patients themselves, which demonstrates agency. Our classification of modes derives from complete naturally occurring consultations, covering a wide range of symptoms, and may have general applicability.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING THE METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING THE CONTENT OF HUMAN GOALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-371
Author(s):  
K.R. Sidorov ◽  
M.V. Korepanova
Keyword(s):  
New Classification ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Further Development

The experience of applying the methodology for studying the content of human goals makes it possible to single out speech constructions produced by the subjects in the course of working with the instrument and on the basis of which a number of classifications of goals are confirmed. Among them, there is not only the one that is involved in the technique of Yu.T. Glazunov and K.R. Sidorov, where goals are divided into regularly reproducible goals, analogue and development goals, but also the classification of D. Derner, who divides them into goals of striving and avoidance, general (global) and specific (definitized) goals, clear and unclear goals. The conducted analysis also leads to the formulation of a new classification of goals based on their orientation: towards oneself ("I"), towards other persons ("Others"), towards the world ("World"), towards the material sphere ("Material values"). The conducted research allows to increase the interpretative capabilities of the technique and, consequently, its objectivity. This makes it possible to widely use the method: both for scientific purposes and for practical purposes, for example, to determine the trajectory of further development, psychotherapy, self-knowledge and self-development of a person.

Classification of Project Management Mathematical Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
������� ◽  
Igor Tsarkov
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Past Century ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Budget Restriction

Mathematical models in Project Management became one of the key elements that in the 50th of the past century had formed a new branch of science � Project management. Since then there have been developed a large number of mathematical models adapted for solving partial problems. Unfortunately no universal practical models, which allow managing projects in conditions of resource or budget restriction, have been invented. Therefore the classification of different mathematical models is the pressing problem which could bring to order all these models from the one hand and reveal the most perspective directions of further research. In this paper existing classifications are analyzed and a new classification is proposed.

scholarly journals Raman Spectrum of Rubidium Thiocyanate at 37 K and Room Temperature

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Joyce ◽  
F Ninio
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectrum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Phonon Modes ◽  
New Classification ◽  
External Mode ◽  
Recent Interpretation

The single crystal Raman spectrum of RbSCN from 0 to 2200 cm-l was studied between 37 K and room temperature. A new eak was observed in the B2g polarisation and is believed to be an external mode. The low temperature data indicate that previous interpretations of the external modes are in error. A new classification of these modes is given. Further, whereas the internal modes are in agreement with previous studies, some multi phonon modes are not. The assumed isomorphism between bSCN and KSCN suggests a correction to the most recent interpretation of the spectrum

scholarly journals A Defect Study and Classification of Brown Diamonds with Non-Deformation-Related Color

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Thomas Hainschwang ◽  
Franck Notari ◽  
Gianna Pamies
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Absorption Band ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Many ◽  
Nm Range ◽  
Brown Color

While the first part of this study took a detailed look at the properties, defects and classification of brown diamonds with deformation-related (DR) brown color and compared them to pink to purple to red diamonds, this second part covers diamonds with non-deformation-related (referred to as NDR in this study) brown color, including diamonds with treatment-induced brown color and synthetic brown diamonds. It was found that the natural NDR brown diamonds include CO2 and Pseudo CO2 diamonds as well as certain hydrogen-rich diamonds. Based on these, the new classification of NDR brown diamonds has been elaborated, resulting in 5 different classes. The detailed defect study performed has shown and confirmed the complexity of the CO2 and Pseudo CO2 diamonds; the probable link between structurally bound oxygen and some of the spectroscopic features such as the 480 nm absorption band is apparent in these diamonds. One of the most interesting findings was made through the low temperature NIR spectroscopy of some usually hydrogen-rich diamonds, which has defined a defect of great interest, the 1330 nm center; we suggest that this defect, together with the many lines in the 970 to 1000 nm range—referred to as the 990 nm series in this study—are responsible for the complex UV-Vis-NIR spectra seen of these diamonds. The results indicate that both features are nickel-nitrogen-related defects, the 1330 nm defect without involvement of hydrogen and the 990 nm series likely with hydrogen involved. Another surprising result was that during various treatment experiments performed we created dark orangish brown color in originally pale yellow “cape” diamonds by HPHT treatment at 2500 °C. It is suggested that the creation of this brown hue is related to the destruction or transformation of the N3 center at such extreme conditions.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Some Illustrated Books by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) in the Museum of Oriental Art in Venice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vesco
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Far East ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Present Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The collection of Japanese prints, albums and illustrated books (ehon) in the Museum of Oriental Art in Venice is the result of the last stop in Japan of a journey to the Far East of Prince Henry Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi and his wife Adelgunde of Bragança, during the years 1887-1889. The gathering of more than thirty thousand objects became the core of the present collection. Among these there are about 500 illustrated books of famous ukiyoe masters, surimono, and colour prints nishikie. The creation of catalogue entries in Japanese and Italian and the analysis of each print reveals an amazing quantity of unpublished ukiyoe masterpieces and allows a division into different groups according to the subject matter. At the same time, this distinction into different genres shows an interesting tendency in the formation of the collection together with a possible new classification of the prints themselves. This study aims to shed a new light on this particular collection while focusing on a series of illustrated books by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1848). Among these the famous volumes of the Manga, the illustrated books on warriors, an unusual album with some prints from the One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji and a selection from the five volumes dedicated to teach the artisans how to draw all kind of decorations.

Nucleation of Disorder in Fe3Al Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
P. R. Swann ◽  
W. R. Duff ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One

Recently we have investigated the phase equilibria and antiphase domain structures of Fe-Al alloys containing from 18 to 50 at.% Al by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer techniques. This study has revealed that none of the published phase diagrams are correct, although the one proposed by Rimlinger agrees most closely with our results to be published separately. In this paper observations by transmission electron microscopy relating to the nucleation of disorder in Fe-24% Al will be described. Figure 1 shows the structure after heating this alloy to 776.6°C and quenching. The white areas are B2 micro-domains corresponding to regions of disorder which form at the annealing temperature and re-order during the quench. By examining specimens heated in a temperature gradient of 2°C/cm it is possible to determine the effect of temperature on the disordering reaction very precisely. It was found that disorder begins at existing antiphase domain boundaries but that at a slightly higher temperature (1°C) it also occurs by homogeneous nucleation within the domains. A small (∼ .01°C) further increase in temperature caused these micro-domains to completely fill the specimen.

CBED study of low-temperature InP grown by gas source MBE

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 810-811
Author(s):  
R. Rajesh ◽  
M.J. Kim ◽  
J.S. Bow ◽  
R.W. Carpenter ◽  
G.N. Maracas
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Material System ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Lt Inp ◽  
Gas Source Mbe

In our previous work on MBE grown low temperature (LT) InP, attempts had been made to understand the relationships between the structural and electrical properties of this material system. Electrical measurements had established an enhancement of the resistivity of the phosphorus-rich LT InP layers with annealing under a P2 flux, which was directly correlated with the presence of second-phase particles. Further investigations, however, have revealed the presence of two fundamentally different types of precipitates. The first type are the surface particles, essentially an artefact of argon ion milling and containing mostly pure indium. The second type and the one more important to the study are the dense precipitates in the bulk of the annealed layers. These are phosphorus-rich and are believed to contribute to the improvement in the resistivity of the material.The observation of metallic indium islands solely in the annealed LT layers warranted further study in order to better understand the exact reasons for their formation.

New Classification of Gemstone Colours

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
K. F. Chudoba
Keyword(s):  
New Classification
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