scholarly journals Identifying Appropriate Locations for the Accelerated Weathering of Limestone to Reduce CO2 Emissions

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Julia S. Kirchner ◽  
Karsten A. Lettmann ◽  
Bernhard Schnetger ◽  
Jörg-Olaf Wolff ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Brumsack
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Oceanic Surface ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Product Water ◽  
The Difference

The reduction in CO2 emissions is a major task for the coming decades. Accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) can be used to capture CO2 from effluent gas streams and store it as bicarbonate in marine environments. We give an overview of the fundamental aspects of AWL, including associated CO2 emissions during the operation of AWL, characteristics of the accumulating bicarbonate-rich product water, and factors influencing the outgassing of CO2 from the ocean back into the atmosphere. Based on these aspects, we identify locations where AWL could be carried out favorably. The energy demand for AWL reduces the theoretical CO2 sequestration potential, for example, by only 5% in the case of a 100 km transport of limestone on roads. AWL-derived product water is characterized by high alkalinity but low pH values and, once in contact with the atmosphere, passive outgassing of CO2 from AWL-derived water occurs. This process is mainly driven by the difference between the fCO2 in the atmosphere and the oceanic surface layer, as well as the sea surface temperature at the discharge site. Promising sites for AWL may be in Florida or around the Mediterranean Sea, where outgassing could be prevented by injections into deep water layers.

scholarly journals Residential Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in China’s Less Developed Regions: A Case Study of Jiangxi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Junsong Jia ◽  
Chundi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference

The residential sector is the second-largest consumer of energy in China. However, little attention has been paid to reducing the residential CO2 emissions of China’s less developed or undeveloped regions. Taking Jiangxi as a case study, this paper thus aims at fully analyzing the difference of the residential energy-related CO2 emissions between urban and rural regions based on the Log-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and Tapio decoupling model. The main results are showed as follows: (1) Since 2008, residential energy-related CO2 emissions have increased rapidly in both urban and rural Jiangxi. From 2000 to 2017, the residential energy-related CO2 emissions per capita in rural regions rapidly increased and exceeded that in urban regions after 2015. Furthermore, the residential energy structures had become multiple in both urban and rural regions, but rural regions still had room to optimize its energy structure. (2) Over the study period, consumption expenditure per capita played the dominant role in increasing the residential energy-related CO2 emissions in both urban and rural regions, followed by energy demand and energy structure. Energy price had the most important effect on decreasing the urban and rural residential energy-related CO2 emissions, followed by the carbon emission coefficient. However, urbanization increased the urban residential energy-related CO2 emissions but decreased the CO2 emissions in rural regions. Population made marginal and the most stable contribution to increase the residential energy-related CO2 emissions both in urban and rural regions. (3) Overall, the decoupling status showed the weak decoupling (0.1) and expansive negative decoupling (1.21) in urban and rural regions, respectively.

scholarly journals On the Impact of Recycling Strategies on Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions When Manufacturing Al-based Components

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo C. Priarone ◽  
Giuseppe Ingarao ◽  
Luca Settineri ◽  
Rosa Di Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The Impact

Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone

Energy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1471-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg H. Rau ◽  
Kevin G. Knauss ◽  
William H. Langer ◽  
Ken Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Reducing Energy

scholarly journals Achieving Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by Sequestering Biomass Carbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Amelse
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The World

Mitigation of global warming requires an understanding of where energy is produced and consumed, the magnitude of carbon dioxide generation, and proper understanding of the Carbon Cycle. The latter leads to the distinction between and need for both CO2 and biomass CARBON sequestration. Short reviews are provided for prior technologies proposed for reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuels or substituting renewable energy, focusing on their limitations. None offer a complete solution. Of these, CO2 sequestration is poised to have the largest impact. We know how to do it. It will just cost money, and scale-up is a huge challenge. Few projects have been brought forward to semi-commercial scale. Transportation accounts for only about 30% of U.S. overall energy demand. Biofuels penetration remains small, and thus, they contribute a trivial amount of overall CO2 reduction, even though 40% of U.S. corn and 30% of soybeans are devoted to their production. Bioethanol is traced through its Carbon Cycle and shown to be both energy inefficient, and an inefficient use of biomass carbon. Both biofuels and CO2 sequestration reduce FUTURE CO2 emissions from continued use of fossil fuels. They will not remove CO2 ALREADY in the atmosphere. The only way to do that is to break the Carbon Cycle by growing biomass from atmospheric CO2 and sequestering biomass CARBON. Theoretically, sequestration of only a fraction of the world’s tree leaves, which are renewed every year, can get the world to Net Zero CO2 without disturbing the underlying forests.

Study on the Concentration Process of Glutamic Supernatant Fluid by Vacuum Membrane Distillation and the Reuse of Product Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 907-913
Author(s):  
Shi Chun Yang ◽  
Xiao Long Lv
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Product Water ◽  
The Difference

The optimal decoloring conditions for glutamate supernatant in orthogonal experiment are: 15g/l bentonite concentration, 2h decoloring time, and 40°C decoloring temperature. VMD technology can concentrate glutamate supernatant filtrate from 2.01% to 5.35%, and bring down flux from 6.71 L/m2h to 1.94L/m2h, at a concentration rate of 1.72 times. The glutamic acid concentration in supernatant fluid is enriched from 2.03% to 5.16%, and flux attenuated from 5.47 L/m2h to 1.91 L/m2h. As glutamic acid concentration in supernatant increases, membrane flux gradually decreases. Analysis of water production in glutamate supernatant membrane distillation and the meteorological chromatograms of glutamic acid filtrate prove that the difference between water-yielding peak time of supernatant fluid and that of the filtrate is less than 0.1 min. The volatile substances during water production are from glutamic acid filtrate and are of the same matter. Therefore, the product water in supernatant fluid membrane distillation can be reused to improve water production efficiency.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolando M. Kisse ◽  
Martin Braun ◽  
Simon Letzgus ◽  
Tanja M. Kneiske
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Public Data

Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

Reducing CO2 Emissions of a Coal-Fired Power Plant via Accelerated Weathering of Limestone: Carbon Capture Efficiency and Environmental Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 4528-4535
Author(s):  
Julia S. Kirchner ◽  
Andrew Berry ◽  
Frank Ohnemüller ◽  
Bernhard Schnetger ◽  
Egon Erich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Accelerated Weathering

scholarly journals Beta alanine supplementation effects on metabolic contribution and swimming performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Silva Norberto ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Barbieri ◽  
Danilo Rodrigues Bertucci ◽  
Ronaldo Bucken Gobbi ◽  
Eduardo Zapaterra Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Investigations of β-alanine supplementation shows effects on metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic) participation and performance on swimming by a possible blood acidosis buffering. Considering this background, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of β-alanine supplementation on metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m swim. Methods Thirteen competitive swimmers underwent a 6-week, double-blind placebo-controlled study, ingesting 4.8 g.day− 1 of β-alanine or placebo. Before and after the supplementation period, the total anaerobic contribution (TAn) and 30-s all-out tethered swimming effort (30TS) were assessed. Anaerobic alactic (AnAl) and lactic energy (AnLa) was assumed as the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and net blood lactate accumulation during exercise (∆[La−]), respectively. Aerobic contribution (Aer) was determined by the difference between total energy demand and TAn. In addition to conventional statistical analysis (Repeated measures ANOVA; p > 0.05), a Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA was used to evidence the effect probability (BFincl). Results No differences and effects were found between groups, indicating no supplementation effects. Repeated measures ANOVA, with confirmation of effect, was indicate reduce in ∆Lactate (p: 0.001; BFincl: 25.02); absolute AnLa (p: 0.002; BFincl: 12.61), fatigue index (p > 0.001; BFincl: 63.25) and total anaerobic participation (p: 0.008; BFincl: 4.89). Conclusions Thus, the results demonstrated that all changes presented were evidenced as a result of exposure to the training period and β-alanine supplementation doesn’t affect metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m freestyle.

scholarly journals On the Theoretical CO2 Sequestration Potential of Pervious Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Ellingboe ◽  
Jay Arehart ◽  
Wil Srubar
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Natural Carbonation

Pervious concrete, which has recently found new applications in buildings, is both energy- and carbon-intensive to manufacture. However, similar to normal concrete, some of the initial CO2 emissions associated with pervious concrete can be sequestered through a process known as carbonation. In this work, the theoretical formulation and application of a mathematical model for estimating the carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration potential of pervious concrete is presented. Using principles of cement and carbonation chemistry, the model related mixture proportions of pervious concretes to their theoretical in situ CO2 sequestration potential. The model was subsequently employed in a screening life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the percentage of recoverable CO2 emissions—namely, the ratio of in situ sequesterable CO2 to initial cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions—for common pervious concrete mixtures. Results suggest that natural carbonation can recover up to 12% of initial CO2 emissions and that CO2 sequestration potential is maximized for pervious concrete mixtures with (i) lower water-to-cement ratios, (ii) higher compressive strengths, (iii) lower porosities, and (iv) lower hydraulic conductivities. However, LCA results elucidate that mixtures with maximum CO2 sequestration potential (i.e., mixtures with high cement contents and CO2 recoverability) emit more CO2 from a net-emissions perspective, despite their enhanced in situ CO2 sequestration potential.

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