scholarly journals Protective Effect of Bergenin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression by Immunomodulatory Effect and Antioxidation in Balb/c Mice

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuchen Qi ◽  
Zhonghua Dong ◽  
Yueyue Sun ◽  
Siying Li ◽  
Zhongxi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of bergenin on immune function and antioxidation in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Firstly, we estimated its effect on immune organs. Histological analysis and indexes of immune organs showed that cyclophosphamide exhibited spleen and thymus injury compared with the normal control, which was alleviated by bergenin. Secondly, bergenin also enhanced the humoral immune function through increasing the level of IgM and IgG in serum. Thirdly, bergenin also enhanced the cellular immune function. The results indicate that bergenin increased peritoneal macrophage functions, the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, NK and CTL cell activities, and T (CD4+ and CD8+) lymphocyte subsets. Besides, bergenin also had the ability to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, bergenin prevented the Cy-induced decrease in numbers of peripheral RBC, WBC and platelets, providing supportive evidence for their anti-leukopenia activities. Finally, bergenin also reversed the Cy-induced decrease in the total antioxidant capacity including activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In conclusion, bergenin protected against Cy-induced adverse reactions by enhancing humoral and cellular immune functions and augmenting antioxidative activity and could be considered as a potential immunomodulatory agent.

scholarly journals Radiation Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Capped with β-Glucan and Its Immunostimulant Activity in Cytoxan-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Dung ◽  
Tran Duc Trong ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Vu ◽  
Nguyen Trong Binh ◽  
Tran Thi Le Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with diameters from 64.8 to 110.1 nm were successfully synthesized by γ-irradiation of solutions containing Se4+ and water-soluble yeast β-glucan. The size and size distribution of SeNPs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Analytical X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern results confirmed the crystal structure of the Se nanoparticles and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that β-glucan could interact with SeNPs through steric (Se…O) linkages leading to a homogeneous and translucent solution state for 60 days without any precipitates. In vivo tests in cytoxan-induced immunosuppressed mice revealed that the daily supplementation of SeNPs/β-glucan at concentrations of 6 mg per kg body weight of tested mice significantly stimulated the generation of cellular immune factors (white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocyte, B cells, CD4+ cells, CD34+ cells and natural killer cells) and humoral immune indexes (IgM, IgG, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2) in peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen of the immunosuppressed mice. The obtained results indicated that radiation-synthesized SeNPs/β-glucan may be a candidate for further evaluation as an agent for the prevention of immunosuppression in chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Leptin, but not immune function, is linked to reproductive responsiveness to photoperiod

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. R1401-R1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Drazen ◽  
Lance J. Kriegsfeld ◽  
Jill E. Schneider ◽  
Randy J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Energy Conserving

Energetic demands are high while energy availability is minimum during winter. To cope with this energetic bottleneck, animals exhibit numerous energy-conserving adaptations during winter, including changes in immune and reproductive functions. A majority of individual rodents within a population inhibits reproductive function (responders) as winter approaches. A substantial proportion of small rodents within a species, however, fails to inhibit reproduction (nonresponders) during winter in the field or in the laboratory when maintained in winter-simulated day lengths. In contrast, immune function is bolstered by short day lengths in some species. The specific mechanisms that link reproductive and immune functions remain unspecified. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue, and several studies suggest that leptin modulates reproductive and immune functions. The present study sought to determine if photoperiodic alterations in reproductive function and leptin concentrations are linked to photoperiod-modulated changes in immune function. Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus) were housed in either long (LD 16:8) or short (LD 8:16) day lengths for 9 wk. After 9 wk, blood samples were collected during the middle of the light and dark phase to assess leptin concentrations. One week later, animals were injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin to evaluate humoral immunity. Body mass, body fat content, and serum leptin concentrations were correlated with reproductive responsiveness to photoperiod; short-day animals with regressed gonads exhibited a reduction in these measures, whereas short-day nonresponders resembled long-day animals. In contrast, immune function was influenced by photoperiod but not reproductive status. Taken together, these data suggest that humoral immune function in Siberian hamsters is independent of photoperiod-mediated changes in leptin concentrations.

scholarly journals A One-Minute Blood Test Detects Decreased Immune Function and Increased Clinical Risk in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirajyoti Deb ◽  
Allan Salinas ◽  
Tianyu Zheng ◽  
Aurea Middleton ◽  
Katelyn Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Immunomodulation by Zearalenone in Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Pietsch ◽  
Ranka Junge ◽  
Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
No Production ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Chemiluminescence Assay ◽  
Cellular Immune

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but its effects on fish have not yet been investigated extensively. In order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. Three groups of fish were fed feeds contaminated with ZEN at three concentrations (low: 332 μg kg−1, medium: 621 μg kg−1, and high: 797 μg kg−1feed) for four weeks. Possible reversible effects of ZEN were evaluated by feeding additional groups with the ZEN-contaminated feeds for four weeks, followed by the uncontaminated diet for two weeks. Immune function of isolated leukocytes from head kidney and trunk kidney was assessed using the assessment of NO production, the respiratory burst assay, the chemiluminescence assay, and the measurement of arginase activities. These investigations frequently revealed increased immune responses after exposure of fish to low ZEN concentrations and reduced immune responses after exposure to high mycotoxin concentrations. Moreover, the feeding of the uncontaminated diet for further two weeks did not improve the immune responses in most cases. These results indicate that cellular immune functions in ZEN-contaminated carp are influenced which may be relevant for fish health in aquaculture.

Changes in CD4+CD8–/CD4–CD8+ Ratio and Humoral Immune Functions in Vitamin B12-Deficient Rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulala Funada ◽  
Masahiro Wada ◽  
Tetsunori Kawata ◽  
Kazumi Mori ◽  
Hiroko Tamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Deficient Group

To clarify the role of vitamin B12 in the function of cell-mediated and humoral immune functions, the splenocytes expression of CD4, CD8 and serum C3, IgM, IgG concentrations were examined in vitamin B12-deficient rats, and the effect of the administration of methylcobalamin was also studied. The CD4+CD8–/CD4–CD8+ ratio in splenocytes was significantly higher in vitamin B12-deficient rats than in control rats (p < 0.05). The value in the 48 hours after methylcobalamin administration group, was within the normal range (p < 0.05). From these results, the elevation of the CD4+CD8–/CD4–CD8+ ratio by vitamin B12-deficiency was confirmed in rats. The serum C3, IgM and IgG concentrations were lower in the vitamin B12-deficient group than in the control group. These findings suggest that vitamin B12 plays a role in maintaining the immune function in rats.

scholarly journals A 1-minute blood test detects decreased immune function and increased clinical risk in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirajyoti Deb ◽  
Allan N. Salinas ◽  
Tianyu Zheng ◽  
Aurea Middleton ◽  
Katelyn Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Negative Controls

AbstractUpon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Effect of Resveratrol Dry Suspension on Immune Function of Piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuting Fu ◽  
Qiankun Cui ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Xinghong Zhao ◽  
Xu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Wide Range

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic plant antitoxin, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of resveratrol dry suspension (RDS) on immune function in piglets that were treated with different doses of RDS for 2 weeks. The results showed that the RDS has significant effects on the development, maturation, proliferation, and transformation of T lymphocytes. RDS could regulate humoral immune responses by upregulating the release of IFN-γ and downregulating the release of TNF-α. After piglets were vaccinated against classical swine fever virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, the antibody titers were significantly increased. RDS treatment showed an excellent resistance to enhance T-SOD activity. Values of blood routine and blood biochemistry showed no toxicity. These results suggested that RDS could be considered as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to vaccines, as well as dietary additives for animals to enhance humoral and cellular immunity.

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