Proteinaceous Residue Removal from Oat β-Glucan Extracts Obtained by Alkaline Water Extraction

Background: Wet methods of 1-3, 1-4 -β-D-glucan isolation from cereals differ mainly in the type of grain fraction used as raw material, the solid-liquid ratio of β-glucan in raw material vs. solvent used, and the type of aqueous solvent modification (alkali, neutral or acidic). All these factors impact the characterization of the residues finally found in extracts. Oat bran is a rich source of globulin fraction which can be transferred into the extracts, especially when a high pH is employed. Methods: A multi-stage (enzymatic and acidic) purification procedure was performed to remove the residues, especially starch and protein, from β-glucan isolates from oat of different molar mass. Pancreatin, thermostable α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, and papain were used for consecutive residue removal. Three levels of low pH = 4.5, 3.5 and 3.0 were also tested for effective protein precipitation. Results: The starch hydrolysis and liquefaction significantly facilitate the proteinaceous matter removal although papain usage showed an intensive unfavorable impact on β-glucan molar mass. Soluble protein content was significantly decreased after pancreatin and α-amylase treatment, while the significant reduction of amine nitrogen was noted after complete starch hydrolysis and a second acidification step. Conclusions: A complex procedure employing different enzymes is needed to successfully reduce the possibly bioactive residues in isolated oat β-glucan fractions.

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Rheological Characterization of a Concentrated Phosphate Slurry

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids6050178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Souhail Maazioui ◽

Abderrahim Maazouz ◽

Fayssal Benkhaldoun ◽

Driss Ouazar ◽

Khalid Lamnawar

Keyword(s):

Flow Behavior ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Raw Material ◽

Rheological Characterization ◽

Phosphate Ore ◽

Insoluble Particles ◽

Experimental Protocols ◽

Solid Liquid

Phosphate ore slurry is a suspension of insoluble particles of phosphate rock, the primary raw material for fertilizer and phosphoric acid, in a continuous phase of water. This suspension has a non-Newtonian flow behavior and exhibits yield stress as the shear rate tends toward zero. The suspended particles in the present study were assumed to be noncolloidal. Various grades and phosphate ore concentrations were chosen for this rheological investigation. We created some experimental protocols to determine the main characteristics of these complex fluids and established relevant rheological models with a view to simulate the numerical flow in a cylindrical pipeline. Rheograms of these slurries were obtained using a rotational rheometer and were accurately modeled with commonly used yield-pseudoplastic models. The results show that the concentration of solids in a solid–liquid mixture could be increased while maintaining a desired apparent viscosity. Finally, the design equations for the laminar pipe flow of yield pseudoplastics were investigated to highlight the role of rheological studies in this context.

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Melting Point and Solid–Liquid Coexistence Properties of α1 Isotactic Polypropylene as Functions of Its Molar Mass: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00819 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (12) ◽

pp. 4663-4673 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nikolaos A. Romanos ◽

Doros N. Theodorou

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Melting Point ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Molar Mass ◽

Solid Liquid

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Effect of PEEK degradation on commingled fabrics consolidation

10.25518/esaform21.1985 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Feuillerat ◽

Olivier De Almeida ◽

Jean-Charles Fontanier ◽

Fabrice Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Melt Spinning ◽

Molar Mass ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Porosity ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Mass Distributions ◽

Key Factor ◽

Lower Molar

The effects of PEEK degradation on consolidation of commingled semi-finished products have been investigated. Two commingled semi-finished products provided by two different suppliers have been studied and compared to a powdered fabric based on the same PEEK grade. Both were manufactured from aligned AS4 carbon and PEEK yarns but the first product referred as the NCF1 has a lower commingling level than the second one identified as the NCF2. Contrary to what could be expected, under the same processing conditions, consolidation of the NCF1 and the NCF2 systematically results in a high porosity content, above 10%. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) in ATR mode and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) have shown small molecular structure modifications of PEEK yarns compared to the raw material, such as a shift of molar mass distributions towards lower molar mass and the appearance of C-H absorption bands attributed to non-aromatic alkanes. These modifications have been attributed to sizing of PEEK filament. Calorimetric (DSC) and rheological analyses have demonstrated that the presence of sizing in the semi-finished products have huge consequences on the degradation kinetics. The crystallization temperature decreases and the viscosity increases significantly. This acceleration of the degradation kinetics is the reason of the poor consolidation behavior during composite manufacturing. The conditions of melt spinning extrusion under which the neat PEEK is transformed into filament are therefore a key factor of PEEK degradation.

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THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

10.34220/mmeitsic2021_270-273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Opara ◽

Natalia Azarova

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Human Life ◽

Raw Material ◽

Green Economy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

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Eulerian Simulation of Dense Solid-Liquid Suspension in Multi-Stage Stirred Vessel.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN ◽

10.1252/jcej.34.585 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 585-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

HELENE BARRUE ◽

JOËL BERTRAND ◽

BENOÎT CRISTOL ◽

CATHERINE XUEREB

Keyword(s):

Stirred Vessel ◽

Liquid Suspension ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Solid Liquid

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Investigating the Potential Use of Papaya Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes in the Textile Industry

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.991.129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 991 ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Suharno Rusdi ◽

Huda F. Maulana ◽

Nuriaji L. Samudro ◽

Achmad Chafidz

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cotton Cloth ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Test Results ◽

Washing Method ◽

Solid Liquid

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the majority of the large textile industry. The use of synthetic dyes can cause water pollution from sewage disposal of the textile industry. Some types of synthetic dyes contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health and can damage the environment. With increasing awareness of the current environmental problems, people begin to focus on returning back to natural dyes. These natural dyes can be extracted from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, wood or stems, and roots. Papaya leaves have the potential to be used as a basic ingredient to make natural dyes due to fairly high chlorophyll content. Therefore, we took the initiative to conduct research on the production of natural dyes from papaya leaf extract. Papaya leaf extract was produced by using a solid-liquid extraction process using two different solvents, ethanol (96%) and n-hexane. From the results of the study, it was found that the most optimum extract results in the extraction process was about 2.20% of the raw material of dried papaya leaves by using ethanol solvent. The prepared cotton cloth was then colored with papaya leaf extract through three simple steps, namely: mordanting, dyeing, and fixation. Fabric staining results then tested its fastness by two methods, namely the rub method and the washing method with soap. From the test results it was found that the fabric which was dyed with papaya leaf extract was not too resistant to fade from rubbing and soap washing. Therefore, further research is needed, such as using other agents during the mordanting and fixation processes.

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Assessing the Similarity of Cyanide-Free Gold Leaching Processes: A Case-Based Reasoning Application

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min8100434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 434 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Leikola ◽

Christian Sauer ◽

Lotta Rintala ◽

Jari Aromaa ◽

Mari Lundström

Keyword(s):

Relevant Information ◽

Research Interest ◽

Raw Material ◽

Case Based Reasoning ◽

Free Gold ◽

Oxidant Concentration ◽

Time Reading ◽

Reagent Consumption ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Case Based

Hydrometallurgical researchers, and other professionals alike, invest significant amounts of time reading scientific articles, technical notes, and other scientific documents, while looking for the most relevant information for their particular research interest. In an attempt to save the researcher’s time, this study presents an information retrieval tool using case-based reasoning. The tool was built for comparing scientific articles concerning cyanide-free leaching of gold ores/concentrates/tailings. Altogether, 50 cases of experiments were gathered in a case base. 15 different attributes related to the treatment of the raw material and the leaching conditions were selected to compare the cases. The attributes were as follows: Pretreatment, Overall method, Complexant source, Oxidant source, Complexant concentration, Oxidant concentration, Temperature, pH, Redox-potential, Pressure, Materials of construction, Extraction, Extraction rate, Reagent consumption, and Solid-liquid ratio. The resulting retrieval tool (LeachSim) was able to rank the scientific articles according to their similarity with the user’s research interest. Such a tool could eventually aid the user in finding the most relevant information, but not replace thorough understanding and human expertise.

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Polyphenol-Rich Extracts Obtained from Winemaking Waste Streams as Natural Ingredients with Cosmeceutical Potential

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8090355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 355 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Melanie S. Matos ◽

Rut Romero-Díez ◽

Ana Álvarez ◽

M. R. Bronze ◽

Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Red Wine ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Market Opportunity ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Grape Marc ◽

Colorimetric Assays ◽

Solid Liquid

Phenolics present in grapes have been explored as cosmeceutical principles, due to their antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit enzymes relevant for skin ageing. The winemaking process generates large amounts of waste, and the recovery of bioactive compounds from residues and their further incorporation in cosmetics represents a promising market opportunity for wine producers and may contribute to a sustainable development of the sector. The extracts obtained from grape marc and wine lees, using solid–liquid (SL) extraction with and without microwave (MW) pretreatment of the raw material, were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity through chemical (ORAC/HOSC/HORAC) and cell-based (keratinocytes—HaCaT; fibroblasts—HFF) assays. Furthermore, their inhibitory capacity towards specific enzymes involved in skin ageing (elastase; MMP-1; tyrosinase) was evaluated. The total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were determined by colorimetric assays, and HPLC–DAD–MS/MS was performed to identify the main compounds. The MW pretreatment prior to conventional SL extraction led to overall better outcomes. The red wine lees extracts presented the highest phenolic content (3 to 6-fold higher than grape marc extracts) and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, being also the most effective inhibitors of elastase, MMP-1 and tyrosinase. The results support that winemaking waste streams are valuable sources of natural ingredients with the potential for cosmeceutical applications.

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Extracted from Actinidia Arguta of Wild Fructification Polyphenols Optimization Conditions

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.106 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1082 ◽

pp. 106-111

Author(s):

Yu Hong Yang ◽

Zong Li Kang ◽

Rui Xin Guo ◽

Hong Ling Wang ◽

Zhuo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Design Method ◽

Acetone Solution ◽

Raw Material ◽

Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽

Single Factor ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Actinidia Arguta ◽

Experimental Design Method ◽

Solid Liquid

We had studied using single factor and orthogonal experimental design method for extracted from actinidia arguta of wild fructification polyphenols conditions optimization, as actinidia arguta of wild raw material. The results showed that: extracted from actinidia arguta of wild fructification polyphenols optimization the best conditions is acetone solution of 30 percent, according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:9, at 35°C, the extraction 30 min best, the amount of polyphenols extracted 763.8 mg / L.

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