scholarly journals Structural, Impedance, and EDLC Characteristics of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes with High Electrochemical Stability

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Ranjdar M. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Casting Technique

In this report, a facile solution casting technique was used to fabricate polymer blend electrolytes of chitosan (CS):poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO):NH4SCN with high electrochemical stability (2.43V). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the polymer electrolyte formation. For the electrochemical property analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were carried out. Referring to the FTIR spectra, a complex formation between the added salt and CS:PEO was deduced by considering the decreasing and shifting of FTIR bands intensity in terms of functional groups. The CS:PEO:NH4SCN electrolyte was found to be electrochemically stable as the applied voltage linearly swept up to 2.43V. The cyclic voltammogram has presented a wide potential window without showing any sign of redox peaks on the electrode surface. The proved mechanisms of charge storage in these fabricated systems were found to be double layer charging. The EIS analysis showed the existence of bulk resistance, wherein the semicircle diameter decreased with increasing salt concentration. The calculated maximum DC conductivity value was observed to be 2.11 × 10−4 S/cm for CS:PEO incorporated with 40 wt% of NH4SCN salt. The charged species in CS:PEO:NH4SCN electrolytes were considered to be predominantly ionic in nature. This was verified from transference number analysis (TNM), in which ion and electron transference numbers were found to be tion = 0.954 and tel = 0.045, respectively. The results obtained for both ion transference number and DC conductivity implied the possibility of fabricating electrolytes for electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) device application. The specific capacitance of the fabricated EDLC was obtained from the area under the curve of the CV plot.

scholarly journals Investigation of Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Performance of Plasticized Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Proton Conducting Polymer Composite Electrolytes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Jihad M. Hadi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Salah R. Saeed ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Electric Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Composite Electrolytes ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor

In this study, biopolymer composite electrolytes based on chitosan:ammonium iodide:Zn(II)-complex plasticized with glycerol were successfully prepared using the solution casting technique. Various electrical and electrochemical parameters of the biopolymer composite electrolytes’ films were evaluated prior to device application. The highest conducting plasticized membrane was found to have a conductivity of 1.17 × 10−4 S/cm. It is shown that the number density, mobility, and diffusion coefficient of cations and anions fractions are increased with the glycerol amount. Field emission scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques are used to study the morphology and structure of the films. The non-Debye type of relaxation process was confirmed from the peak appearance of the dielectric relaxation study. The obtained transference number of ions (cations and anions) and electrons for the highest conducting sample were identified to be 0.98 and 0.02, respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry shows that the electrochemical stability of the highest conducting plasticized system is 1.37 V. The cyclic voltammetry response displayed no redox reaction peaks over its entire potential range. It was discovered that the addition of Zn(II)-complex and glycerol plasticizer improved the electric double-layer capacitor device performances. Numerous crucial parameters of the electric double-layer capacitor device were obtained from the charge-discharge profile. The prepared electric double-layer capacitor device showed that the initial values of specific capacitance, equivalence series resistance, energy density, and power density are 36 F/g, 177 Ω, 4.1 Wh/kg, and 480 W/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Structural, Morphological, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of PVA: CS-Based Proton-Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayub Shahab Marf ◽  
Ranjdar M. Abdullah ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Added Salt

Polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol):chitosan (PVA:CS) incorporated with various quantities of ammonium iodide were prepared and characterized using a range of electrochemical, structural and microscopic techniques. In the structural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the buildup of the amorphous phase. To reveal the effect of dopant addition on structural changes, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used. The protrusions of salt aggregates with large quantity were seen at the surface of the formed films at 50 wt.% of the added salt. The nature of the relationship between conductivity and dielectric properties was shown using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS spectra were fitted with electrical equivalent circuits (EECs). It was observed that both dielectric constant and dielectric loss were high in the low-frequency region. For all samples, loss tangent and electric modulus plots were analyzed to become familiar with the relaxation behavior. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and transference number measurement (TNM) were recorded. A relatively high cut-off potential for the polymer electrolyte was obtained at 1.33 V and both values of the transference number for ion (tion) and electronic (telec) showed the ion dominant as charge carrier species. The TNM and LSV measurements indicate the suitability of the samples for energy storage application if their conductivity can be more enhanced.

scholarly journals Structural, Impedance and Electrochemical Characteristics of Electrical Double Layer Capacitor Devices Based on Chitosan: Dextran Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Wrya O. Karim ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Electrical Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor

This report presents the preparation and characterizations of solid biopolymer blend electrolyte films of chitosan as cationic polysaccharide and anionic dextran (CS: Dextran) doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) to be utilized as electrolyte and electrode separator in electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) devices. FTIR and XRD techniques were used to study the structural behavior of the films. From the FTIR band analysis, shifting and broadening of the bands were observed with increasing salt concentration. The XRD analysis indicates amorphousness of the blended electrolyte samples whereby the peaks underwent broadening. The analysis of the impedance spectra emphasized that incorporation of 40 wt.% of NH4I salt into polymer electrolyte exhibited a relatively high conductivity (5.16 × 10−3 S/cm). The transference number measurement (TNM) confirmed that ion (tion = 0.928) is the main charge carriers in the conduction process. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) revealed the extent of durability of the relatively high conducting film which was 1.8 V. The mechanism of charge storage within the fabricated EDLC has been explained to be fully capacitive behavior with no redox peaks appearance in the cyclic voltammogram (CV). From this findings, four important parameters of the EDLC; specific capacitance, equivalent series resistance, energy density and power density were calculated as 67.5 F/g, 160 ohm, 7.59 Wh/kg and 520.8 W/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals A Study of Methylcellulose Based Polymer Electrolyte Impregnated with Potassium Ion Conducting Carrier: Impedance, EEC Modeling, FTIR, Dielectric, and Device Characteristics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4859
Author(s):  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Jihad M. Hadi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ion Conducting

In this research, a biopolymer-based electrolyte system involving methylcellulose (MC) as a host polymeric material and potassium iodide (KI) salt as the ionic source was prepared by solution cast technique. The electrolyte with the highest conductivity was used for device application of electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with high specific capacitance. The electrical, structural, and electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte systems were investigated using various techniques. According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the bulk resistance (Rb) decreased from 3.3 × 105 to 8 × 102 Ω with the increase of salt concentration from 10 wt % to 40 wt % and the ionic conductivity was found to be 1.93 ×10−5 S/cm. The dielectric analysis further verified the conductivity trends. Low-frequency regions showed high dielectric constant, ε′ and loss, ε″ values. The polymer-salt complexation between (MC) and (KI) was shown through a Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The analysis of transference number measurement (TNM) supported ions were predominantly responsible for the transport process in the MC-KI electrolyte. The highest conducting sample was observed to be electrochemically constant as the potential was swept linearly up to 1.8 V using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) profile reveals the absence of a redox peak, indicating the presence of a charge double-layer between the surface of activated carbon electrodes and electrolytes. The maximum specific capacitance, Cs value was obtained as 118.4 F/g at the sweep rate of 10 mV/s.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Porous Proton Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on PVA: CS Polymers: Structural, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Jihad M. Hadi ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Peak Broadening ◽  
Ion Conducting

In this study, porous cationic hydrogen (H+) conducting polymer blend electrolytes with an amorphous structure were prepared using a casting technique. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CS), and NH4SCN were used as raw materials. The peak broadening and drop in intensity of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the electrolyte systems established the growth of the amorphous phase. The porous structure is associated with the amorphous nature, which was visualized through the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The enhancement of DC ionic conductivity with increasing salt content was observed up to 40 wt.% of the added salt. The dielectric and electric modulus results were helpful in understanding the ionic conductivity behavior. The transfer number measurement (TNM) technique was used to determine the ion (tion) and electron (telec) transference numbers. The high electrochemical stability up to 2.25 V was recorded using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique.

scholarly journals From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. B. Aziz ◽  
Muhamad. H. H. Hamsan ◽  
Muaffaq M. M. Nofal ◽  
Saro San ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit

In this study, solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPBEs) based on chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) salt were synthesized using a solution cast technique. Both Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed a strong interaction and dispersion of the amorphous region within the CS:MC system in the presence of NH4F. To gain better insights into the electrical properties of the samples, the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were analyzed by electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) modeling. The highest conductivity of 2.96 × 10−3 S cm−1 was recorded for the sample incorporated with 40 wt.% of NH4F. Through transference number measurement (TNM) analysis, the fraction of ions was specified. The electrochemical stability of the electrolyte sample was found to be up to 2.3 V via the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study. The value of specific capacitance was determined to be around 58.3 F/g. The stability test showed that the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) system can be recharged and discharged for up to 100 cycles with an average specific capacitance of 64.1 F/g. The synthesized EDLC cell was found to exhibit high efficiency (90%). In the 1st cycle, the values of internal resistance, energy density and power density of the EDLC cell were determined to be 65 Ω, 9.3 Wh/kg and 1282 W/kg, respectively.

Electrochemical Stability of High Conducting PAN-Based Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Polymer Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Woon Gie Chong ◽  
Khairul Bahiyah Md Isa ◽  
Lisani Othman ◽  
Nurul Husna Zainol ◽  
Siti Mariam Samin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Solution Casting Technique ◽  
Charge Concentration ◽  
Lithium Tetrafluoroborate

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based polymer electrolytes composed of PAN, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were prepared by solution casting technique. The variation of conductivity with LiBF4 concentrations of the prepared films has been studied using AC impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of the films is charge concentration dependent and the highest room temperature conductivity of 1.08 ×10-2 S cm-1 is achieved for the film with optimum composition. The thermal activated conductivity of the films obeys Arrhenius rule in the temperature range from 303 K to 353 K. The electrochemical stability of the PAN-based films has been investigated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with three electrodes system. The films were found to be electrochemically stable up to 4.4 V. The reversibility of the lithium ions conduction in the polymer electrolyte films have been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV).

The Effect of LiCF3SO3 Complexed MG30-PEMA Blend Solid Polymer Electrolyte

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Siti Fadzilah Ayub ◽  
R. Zakaria ◽  
K. Nazir ◽  
A.F. Aziz ◽  
Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Conductivity Increase ◽  
Maximum Conductivity

In this work, solid polymer electrolyte compose of blended 30% poly (methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG30)-poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) polymer blend doped with Lithium trimethasulfonate (LiCF3SO3) films were prepared by solution casting technique. . FTIR analysis showed that the interactions between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occur at the carbonyl functional group C=O where there is shifting in wavenumber from 1728 cm-1 of pure blend to lower wavenumber of blended MG30-PEMA on the MMA structure in both MG30 and PEMA. DSC analysis showed miscibility of polymer blend. From Electrochemical Impedance Spectrocopy analysis, ionic conductivity increase with the increasing of salt concentration. Maximum conductivity at room temperature is 9.20 x 10-6 Scm-1 was obtained when 30 wt% of LiCF3SO3 was added into the system. Ionic conductivity temperature dependence plots found obeys the Arrhenius rule.

Monte Carlo simulation of ionic conductivity in polyethylene oxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Ling Cheang ◽  
Yee Ling Yap ◽  
Lay Lian Teo ◽  
Eng Kiong Wong ◽  
Ah Heng You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Composite Polymer ◽  
Composite Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Steady State Current

Abstract A Monte Carlo (MC) model to incorporate the effect of Al2O3 with different particle sizes in enhancing the ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolytes consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), and ethylene carbonate (EC), is proposed. The simulated ionic conductivity in our MC model is validated by the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which determined the room temperature ionic conductivity of various composite electrolyte samples differing from the size of the Al2O3 prepared via the solution cast method. With the simulated current density and recurrence relation, cation transference numbers, t+si of composite polymer electrolytes were derived using the steady-state current method proposed by Bruce et al. Addition of Al2O3 (≤10 μm) in micron size greatly enhances the ionic conductivity to a magnitude of two orders, i.e., from 2.9025×10-7 S/cm to 2.970×10-5 S/cm and doubles the cation transference number from 0.230 to 0.465. However, the addition of Al2O3 (<50 nm) in nano size decreases both the ionic conductivity and the cation transference number. The smaller size of Al2O3 in the nano range is responsible for the congestion on the conducting pathways that traps some of the Li+ in PEO electrolytes.

scholarly journals Plasticized Polymer Blend Electrolyte Based on Chitosan for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Circuit Modeling, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
M. H. Hamsan ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Minimum Degree ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Chitosan (CS)-dextran (DN) biopolymer electrolytes doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) and plasticized with glycerol (GL), then dispersed with Zn(II)-metal complex were fabricated for energy device application. The CS:DN:NH4I:Zn(II)-complex was plasticized with various amounts of GL and the impact of used metal complex and GL on the properties of the formed electrolyte were investigated.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements have shown that the highest conductivity for the plasticized system was 3.44 × 10−4 S/cm. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the plasticized electrolyte with minimum degree of crystallinity has shown the maximum conductivity. The effect of (GL) plasticizer on the film morphology was studied using FESEM. It has been confirmed via transference number analysis (TNM) that the transport mechanism in the prepared electrolyte is predominantly ionic in nature with a high transference number of ion (ti)of 0.983. From a linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study, the electrolyte was found to be electrochemically constant as the voltage sweeps linearly up to 1.25 V. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve covered most of the area of the current–potential plot with no redox peaks and the sweep rate was found to be affecting the capacitance. The electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has shown a great performance of specific capacitance (108.3 F/g), ESR(47.8 ohm), energy density (12.2 W/kg) and power density (1743.4 W/kg) for complete 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2.

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