scholarly journals From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. B. Aziz ◽  
Muhamad. H. H. Hamsan ◽  
Muaffaq M. M. Nofal ◽  
Saro San ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit

In this study, solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPBEs) based on chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) salt were synthesized using a solution cast technique. Both Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed a strong interaction and dispersion of the amorphous region within the CS:MC system in the presence of NH4F. To gain better insights into the electrical properties of the samples, the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were analyzed by electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) modeling. The highest conductivity of 2.96 × 10−3 S cm−1 was recorded for the sample incorporated with 40 wt.% of NH4F. Through transference number measurement (TNM) analysis, the fraction of ions was specified. The electrochemical stability of the electrolyte sample was found to be up to 2.3 V via the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study. The value of specific capacitance was determined to be around 58.3 F/g. The stability test showed that the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) system can be recharged and discharged for up to 100 cycles with an average specific capacitance of 64.1 F/g. The synthesized EDLC cell was found to exhibit high efficiency (90%). In the 1st cycle, the values of internal resistance, energy density and power density of the EDLC cell were determined to be 65 Ω, 9.3 Wh/kg and 1282 W/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals High Proton Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Chitosan:Dextran with Constant Specific Capacitance and Energy Density

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
M. H. Hamsan ◽  
Wrya O. Karim ◽  
M. F. Z. Kadir ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Charge Discharge

Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan: dextran (CS:Dext) incorporated with various amounts of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) with constant specific capacitance (12.4 F/g) and energy density over 100 cycles were prepared using a solution cast technique. The blend electrolyte samples exhibit broader amorphous humps in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra compared to pure CS:Dext film. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study indicates the complex formation of the added ammonium salt with the polymer blend functional groups through the shifting and decrease in the intensity of FTIR bands. The impedance plots were used to determine the conductivity of the samples. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images support the conductivity behavior of the samples. The impedance plots were applied in the determination of the conductivity of the samples in which the relatively highest conductivity was gained to be 1 × 10−3 S/cm. The transference number measurement (TNM) of the conducting electrolyte was 0.88, which portrays the dominancy of ion in the conduction process. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) verified the chemical stability and showed it to be 1.7 V and an effective electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) that is applicable in electrochemical devices. The performance of the EDLC cell was examined using both cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge techniques at ambient temperature. The semi-rectangular shape of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot and no redox peak was observed. The charge-discharge process of the fabricated EDLC is durable over 100 cycles with an equivalent circuit resistance and power density of 194.5 Ω and 428 W/kg, respectively. Two main outcomes, the specific capacitance and energy densities of 12.4 Farad/g and 1.4 Wh/kg, respectively, are almost constant over 100 cycles.

scholarly journals A Study of Methylcellulose Based Polymer Electrolyte Impregnated with Potassium Ion Conducting Carrier: Impedance, EEC Modeling, FTIR, Dielectric, and Device Characteristics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4859
Author(s):  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Jihad M. Hadi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ion Conducting

In this research, a biopolymer-based electrolyte system involving methylcellulose (MC) as a host polymeric material and potassium iodide (KI) salt as the ionic source was prepared by solution cast technique. The electrolyte with the highest conductivity was used for device application of electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with high specific capacitance. The electrical, structural, and electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte systems were investigated using various techniques. According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the bulk resistance (Rb) decreased from 3.3 × 105 to 8 × 102 Ω with the increase of salt concentration from 10 wt % to 40 wt % and the ionic conductivity was found to be 1.93 ×10−5 S/cm. The dielectric analysis further verified the conductivity trends. Low-frequency regions showed high dielectric constant, ε′ and loss, ε″ values. The polymer-salt complexation between (MC) and (KI) was shown through a Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The analysis of transference number measurement (TNM) supported ions were predominantly responsible for the transport process in the MC-KI electrolyte. The highest conducting sample was observed to be electrochemically constant as the potential was swept linearly up to 1.8 V using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) profile reveals the absence of a redox peak, indicating the presence of a charge double-layer between the surface of activated carbon electrodes and electrolytes. The maximum specific capacitance, Cs value was obtained as 118.4 F/g at the sweep rate of 10 mV/s.

scholarly journals Salt Concentration Effect on Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolytes based Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Lithium-ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6114-6123
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were prepared via solution drop-cast technique. The CMC host is complexed by different concentrations of LiClO4 salt. SPEs were characterized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) in coin cells with lithium metal electrodes. EIS performed unique results based on various ionic conductivity values and dielectric properties. The higher ionic conductivity (1.32 × 10-5 S/cm) was obtained by SPEs 2 following by short-range ionic transport results based on dielectric properties depending on frequency. SPEs with LiClO4 addition are electrochemically stable over 2 V in lithium battery coin cells from LSV results.

scholarly journals The Study of Structural, Impedance and Energy Storage Behavior of Plasticized PVA:MC Based Proton Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
A. S. F. M. Asnawi ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer

In this study, structural characterization, electrical properties and energy storage performance of plasticized polymer electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol/methylcellulose/ammonium thiocyanate (PVA/MC-NH4SCN) were carried out. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study displayed that the plasticized electrolyte system with the uppermost value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity was the most amorphous system. The electrolyte in the present work realized an ionic conductivity of 2.903 × 10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature. The main charge carrier in the electrolyte was found to be the ions with the ionic transference number (tion) of 0.912, compared to only 0.088 for the electronic transference number (telec). The electrochemical stability potential window of the electrolyte is 2.1 V. The specific capacitance was found to reduce from 102.88 F/g to 28.58 F/g as the scan rate increased in cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The fabricated electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) was stable up to 200 cycles with high efficiency. The specific capacitance obtained for the EDLC by using charge–discharge analysis was 132.7 F/g at the first cycle, which is slightly higher compared to the CV plot. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) increased from 58 to 171 Ω throughout the cycles, which indicates a good electrolyte/electrode contact. Ions in the electrolyte were considered to have almost the same amount of energy during the conduction process as the energy density is approximately at 14.0 Wh/kg throughout the 200 cycles. The power density is stabilized at the range of 1444.3 to 467.6 W/kg as the EDLC completed the cycles.

scholarly journals Polyether-Based Supramolecular Electrolytes With Two-Dimensional Boroxine Skeleton

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita ◽  
Shunsuke Horiuchi ◽  
Tamao Uemiya ◽  
Jun Ishii ◽  
Yuko Takeoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Solid polymer electrolytes mainly based on polyethers have been actively investigated for over 40 years to develop safe, light, and flexible rechargeable batteries. Here, we report novel supramolecular electrolytes (SMEs) composed of polyether derivatives and a two-dimensional boroxine skeleton synthesized by the dehydration condensation of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid in the presence of a polyether with amines on both chain ends. The formation of SMEs based on polyether derivatives and boroxine skeleton was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed to evaluate the electrochemical stability and lithium conductive properties of SMEs with given amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA). The ionic conductivity of SME/LiTFSA composites increased with increasing lithium-salt concentration and reached a maximum value at a higher concentration than those of simple polyether systems. The lithium-ion transference number (tLi+) of SME/LiTFSA was higher than those of polyether electrolytes. This tendency is unusual for a polyether matrix. SME/LiTFSA composite electrolytes exhibited a stable lithium plating/striping process even after 100 cycles. The current density increased with an increasing number of cycles. The combination of ion conductive polymers and a two-dimensional boroxine skeleton will be an interesting concept for developing solid electrolytes with good electrochemical properties.

scholarly journals Structural, Morphological, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of PVA: CS-Based Proton-Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayub Shahab Marf ◽  
Ranjdar M. Abdullah ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Added Salt

Polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol):chitosan (PVA:CS) incorporated with various quantities of ammonium iodide were prepared and characterized using a range of electrochemical, structural and microscopic techniques. In the structural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the buildup of the amorphous phase. To reveal the effect of dopant addition on structural changes, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used. The protrusions of salt aggregates with large quantity were seen at the surface of the formed films at 50 wt.% of the added salt. The nature of the relationship between conductivity and dielectric properties was shown using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS spectra were fitted with electrical equivalent circuits (EECs). It was observed that both dielectric constant and dielectric loss were high in the low-frequency region. For all samples, loss tangent and electric modulus plots were analyzed to become familiar with the relaxation behavior. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and transference number measurement (TNM) were recorded. A relatively high cut-off potential for the polymer electrolyte was obtained at 1.33 V and both values of the transference number for ion (tion) and electronic (telec) showed the ion dominant as charge carrier species. The TNM and LSV measurements indicate the suitability of the samples for energy storage application if their conductivity can be more enhanced.

scholarly journals Plasticized Polymer Blend Electrolyte Based on Chitosan for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Circuit Modeling, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
M. H. Hamsan ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Minimum Degree ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Chitosan (CS)-dextran (DN) biopolymer electrolytes doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) and plasticized with glycerol (GL), then dispersed with Zn(II)-metal complex were fabricated for energy device application. The CS:DN:NH4I:Zn(II)-complex was plasticized with various amounts of GL and the impact of used metal complex and GL on the properties of the formed electrolyte were investigated.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements have shown that the highest conductivity for the plasticized system was 3.44 × 10−4 S/cm. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the plasticized electrolyte with minimum degree of crystallinity has shown the maximum conductivity. The effect of (GL) plasticizer on the film morphology was studied using FESEM. It has been confirmed via transference number analysis (TNM) that the transport mechanism in the prepared electrolyte is predominantly ionic in nature with a high transference number of ion (ti)of 0.983. From a linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study, the electrolyte was found to be electrochemically constant as the voltage sweeps linearly up to 1.25 V. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve covered most of the area of the current–potential plot with no redox peaks and the sweep rate was found to be affecting the capacitance. The electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has shown a great performance of specific capacitance (108.3 F/g), ESR(47.8 ohm), energy density (12.2 W/kg) and power density (1743.4 W/kg) for complete 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2.

scholarly journals Chitin and chitin-cellulose composite hydrogels prepared by ionic liquid-based process as the novel electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Kasprzak ◽  
Maciej Galiński
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Galvanostatic Charge

AbstractThis paper reports on the preparation and electrochemical performance of chitin- and chitin-cellulose-based hydrogel electrolytes. The materials were prepared by a casting solution technique using ionic liquid-based solvents. The method of chitin dissolution in ionic liquid with the assistance of dimethyl sulfoxide co-solvent was investigated. The obtained membranes were soaked with 1-M lithium sulfate aqueous solution. The prepared materials were preliminarily characterized in terms of structural and physicochemical properties. Further, the most promising biopolymer membranes were assembled with activated carbon cloth electrodes in symmetric electrochemical capacitor cells. The electrochemical performances of these devices were studied in a 2-electrode system by commonly known electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The devices operated at a maximum voltage of 0.8 V. All the investigated materials have shown high efficiency in terms of specific capacitance, power density, and cyclability. The studied capacitors exhibited specific capacitance values in the range of 92–98 F g−1, with excellent capacitance retention (ca. 97–98%) after 20,000 galvanostatic charge and discharge cycles. Taking into account the above information and the eco-friendly nature of the biopolymer, it appears that the prepared chitin- and chitin-cellulose-based hydrogel electrolytes can be promising components for green electrochemical capacitors.

scholarly journals Compatible Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Methyl Cellulose for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Electrical, and Electrochemical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Green Polymer

Compatible green polymer electrolytes based on methyl cellulose (MC) were prepared for energy storage electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) application. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted for structural investigation. The reduction in the intensity of crystalline peaks of MC upon the addition of sodium iodide (NaI) salt discloses the growth of the amorphous area in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Impedance plots show that the uppermost conducting electrolyte had a smaller bulk resistance. The highest attained direct current DC conductivity was 3.01 × 10−3 S/cm for the sample integrated with 50 wt.% of NaI. The dielectric analysis suggests that samples in this study showed non-Debye behavior. The electron transference number was found to be lower than the ion transference number, thus it can be concluded that ions are the primary charge carriers in the MC–NaI system. The addition of a relatively high concentration of salt into the MC matrix changed the ion transfer number from 0.75 to 0.93. From linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the green polymer electrolyte in this work was actually stable up to 1.7 V. The consequence of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot suggests that the nature of charge storage at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces is a non-Faradaic process and specific capacitance is subjective by scan rates. The relatively high capacitance of 94.7 F/g at a sweep rate of 10 mV/s was achieved for EDLC assembly containing a MC–NaI system.

scholarly journals Structural, Impedance, and EDLC Characteristics of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes with High Electrochemical Stability

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Ranjdar M. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Casting Technique

In this report, a facile solution casting technique was used to fabricate polymer blend electrolytes of chitosan (CS):poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO):NH4SCN with high electrochemical stability (2.43V). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the polymer electrolyte formation. For the electrochemical property analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were carried out. Referring to the FTIR spectra, a complex formation between the added salt and CS:PEO was deduced by considering the decreasing and shifting of FTIR bands intensity in terms of functional groups. The CS:PEO:NH4SCN electrolyte was found to be electrochemically stable as the applied voltage linearly swept up to 2.43V. The cyclic voltammogram has presented a wide potential window without showing any sign of redox peaks on the electrode surface. The proved mechanisms of charge storage in these fabricated systems were found to be double layer charging. The EIS analysis showed the existence of bulk resistance, wherein the semicircle diameter decreased with increasing salt concentration. The calculated maximum DC conductivity value was observed to be 2.11 × 10−4 S/cm for CS:PEO incorporated with 40 wt% of NH4SCN salt. The charged species in CS:PEO:NH4SCN electrolytes were considered to be predominantly ionic in nature. This was verified from transference number analysis (TNM), in which ion and electron transference numbers were found to be tion = 0.954 and tel = 0.045, respectively. The results obtained for both ion transference number and DC conductivity implied the possibility of fabricating electrolytes for electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) device application. The specific capacitance of the fabricated EDLC was obtained from the area under the curve of the CV plot.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document