Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Some Characteristic Constituents from the Vine Stems of Spatholobus suberectus

The dried vine stems of Spatholobus suberectus are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating gynecological and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, five new compounds named spasuberol A (2), homovanillyl-4-oxo-nonanoate (5), spasuberol C (6), spasuberoside A (14), and spasuberoside B (15), together with ten known compounds (1, 3, 4, 7–13), were isolated from the dried vine stems of S. suberectus. Their chemical structures were analyzed using spectroscopic assays. This is the first study interpreting the detailed structural information of 4. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated by reducing nitric oxide overproduction in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Compounds 1 and 8–10 showed strong inhibitory activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.69, 16.34, 16.87, and 6.78 μM, respectively, exhibiting higher activity than the positive drug l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (l-NIL) with an IC50 value of 19.08 μM. The IC50 values of inhibitory activity of compounds 2 and 4–6 were 46.26, 40.05, 45.87, and 28.29 μM respectively, which were lower than l-NIL, but better than that of positive drug indomethacin with an IC50 value of 55.44 μM. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that assayed compounds with good anti-inflammatory activity, such as 1, 6, 9, and 10 at different concentrations, can reduce the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The anti-inflammatory activity and the possible mechanism of the compounds mentioned in this paper were studied preliminarily.

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β-Patchoulene, isolated from patchouli oil, suppresses inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/1721727x17714694 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 136-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wen-Hao Yang ◽

Yu-Hong Liu ◽

Jia-Li Liang ◽

Zhi-Xiu Lin ◽

Qiu-Lin Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

β-Patchoulene (β-PAE) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from patchouli oil. According to our previous study, β-PAE has anti-inflammatory activity in vivo; however, its anti-inflammatory response still remains unconfirmed in vitro. Therefore, this study is committed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-PAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. According to our results, pre-treatment with β-PAE significantly decreased the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β while increased the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also revealed that β-PAE could interrupt the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thus decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, these results indicated that β-PAE exerted potent anti-inflammatory activity by maintaining the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as suppressing iNOS and COX-2 signaling pathways.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sonchus oleraceus Extract in Lipopoly saccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1755-1761

Author(s):

Eun-Jin Yang ◽

Sungchan Jang ◽

Kwang Hee Hyun ◽

Eun-Young Jung ◽

Seung-Young Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sonchus Oleraceus ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The anti-inflammatory activity and non-toxicity of Sonchus oleraceus extract (J6) were tested by measuring its effect on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We treated the RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) of J6. Our results showed that J6 inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, without compromising cell viability. In addition, we provided supporting evidence that the inhibitory activity of J6 on the production of NO and PGE2 occurred via the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Our findings suggest that J6 is a new source for anti-inflammatory drugs and ingredients for healthcare products that include functional cosmetics.

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Chemical Profiles and Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Essential Oils from Seseli gummiferum and Seseli corymbosum subsp. corymbosum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601101025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601101

Author(s):

Alev Tosun ◽

Jaemoo Chun ◽

Igor Jerković ◽

Zvonimir Marijanović ◽

Maurizio A. Fenu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Gene Assay ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils from Seseli corymbosum subsp. corymbosum Pall. ex Sm. (SC) and Seseli gummiferum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. corymbosum (SG) was investigated for the first time on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The main constituents (determined by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses) were germacrene D (54.1%) and sabinene (22.4%) in SG oil and β-phellandrene (29.2%), α-phellandrene (8.2%) and germacrene D (2.5%) in SC oil. SC and SG oils inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values of 56.1 and 108.2 μg/mL, respectively. The oils also inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with IC50 values of 49.4 μg/mL (SC oil) and 95.5 μg/mL (SG oil). The inhibitory effect of SC and SG oils was accompanied by dose-dependent decreases of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The research of the reporter gene assay on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) showed that SC and SG oils inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity. The obtained results suggest that SC and SG oils exert the anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing NF-κB activation.

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Nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibitory of hedyotis philippinensis and its marker compound, asperuloside

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v10n1.62 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emi Norzehan Mohamad Mahbob ◽

Rohaya Ahmad ◽

Syahida Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

No Production ◽

Marker Compound ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophage

Hedyotis spesies have been used in Chinese folk medicine as a treatment for colds, stomatitis and various inflammations. In this study, three methanolic extracts of Hedyotis species (Hedyotis corymbosa, Hedyotis havilandii and Hedyotis philippinensis) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. The plant extracts along with asperuloside, the marker compound of H. philippinensis were tested for their anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon- (IFN-)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among the three species, H. philippinensis (leaves and stems) showed good NO radical inhibitory activity (with IC50 values of 139.76±12.50 and 176.21±2.48 g/ml, respectively). Asperuloside, isolated as a major compound from the plant moderately inhibited LPS/IFN--induced NO production by 63% at a concentration of 100 M (45% cell viability) compared to L-NAME (77 %). Its IC50 value was found to be 75.45±2.25 M. Its inhibition was also found to be dose-dependent.

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Anti-Inflammatory and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Metabolites from the Antarctic Marine-Derived Fungal Strain Penicillium glabrum SF-7123

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18050247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Tran Minh Ha ◽

Dong-Cheol Kim ◽

Jae Hak Sohn ◽

Joung Han Yim ◽

Hyuncheol Oh

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Fungal Strain ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Protein Tyrosine ◽

Cellular Models ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

A chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium glabrum (SF-7123) revealed a new citromycetin (polyketide) derivative (1) and four known secondary fungal metabolites, i.e, neuchromenin (2), asterric acid (3), myxotrichin C (4), and deoxyfunicone (5). The structures of these metabolites were identified primarily by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, including NMR and MS data. Results from the initial screening of anti-inflammatory effects showed that 2, 4, and 5 possessed inhibitory activity against the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 2.7 µM, 28.1 µM, and 10.6 µM, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 also inhibited the excessive production of NO, with IC50 values of 4.7 µM, 41.5 µM, and 40.1 µM, respectively, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, these compounds inhibited LPS-induced overproduction of prostaglandin E2 in both cellular models. Further investigation of the most active compound (2) revealed that these anti-inflammatory effects were associated with a suppressive effect on the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Finally, we showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of compound 2 were mediated via the downregulation of inflammation-related pathways such as those dependent on nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in LPS-stimulated BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. In the evaluation of the inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds on protein tyrosine phosphate 1B (PTP1B) activity, compound 4 was identified as a noncompetitive inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC50 value of 19.2 µM, and compound 5 was shown to inhibit the activity of PTP1B, with an IC50 value of 24.3 µM, by binding to the active site of the enzyme. Taken together, this study demonstrates the potential value of marine-derived fungal isolates as a bioresource for bioactive compounds.

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6-Bromoindole Derivatives from the Icelandic Marine Sponge Geodia barretti: Isolation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16110437 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaxia Di ◽

Caroline Rouger ◽

Ingibjorg Hardardottir ◽

Jona Freysdottir ◽

Tadeusz Molinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Cell Secretion ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Human Dendritic Cells ◽

Absolute Stereochemistry ◽

New Metabolites

An UPLC-qTOF-MS-based dereplication study led to the targeted isolation of seven bromoindole alkaloids from the sub-Arctic sponge Geodia barretti. This includes three new metabolites, namely geobarrettin A–C (1–3) and four known compounds, barettin (4), 8,9-dihydrobarettin (5), 6-bromoconicamin (6), and l-6-bromohypaphorine (7). The chemical structures of compounds 1–7 were elucidated by extensive analysis of the NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute stereochemistry of geobarrettin A (1) was assigned by ECD analysis and Marfey’s method employing the new reagent l-Nα-(1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)tryptophanamide (l-FDTA). The isolated compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using human dendritic cells (DCs). Both 2 and 3 reduced DC secretion of IL-12p40, but 3 concomitantly increased IL-10 production. Maturing DCs treated with 2 or 3 before co-culturing with allogeneic CD4+ T cells decreased T cell secretion of IFN-γ, indicating a reduction in Th1 differentiation. Although barettin (4) reduced DC secretion of IL-12p40 and IL-10 (IC50 values 11.8 and 21.0 μM for IL-10 and IL-12p40, respectively), maturing DCs in the presence of 4 did not affect the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-γ or IL-17, but reduced their secretion of IL-10. These results indicate that 2 and 3 may be useful for the treatment of inflammation, mainly of the Th1 type.

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Polyketide Derivatives, Guhypoxylonols A–D from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. GXNU-Y45 That Inhibit Nitric Oxide Production

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md20010005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Xiaoya Qin ◽

Jiguo Huang ◽

Dexiong Zhou ◽

Wenxiu Zhang ◽

Yanjun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Spectroscopic Data ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Oxide Production ◽

Mangrove Endophytic Fungus ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Aspergillus Sp

Four undescribed compounds, guhypoxylonols A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. GXNU-Y45, together with seven previously reported metabolites. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated based on analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons in 1–3 were established through a combination of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Compounds 1–11 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 showed an inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide (NO), with the IC50 values of 14.42 ± 0.11, 18.03 ± 0.14, 16.66 ± 0.21, and 21.05 ± 0.13 μM, respectively.

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Diverse Krill Lipid Fractions Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammatory Markers in RAW264.7 Macrophages In Vitro

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10112887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2887

Author(s):

Dan Xie ◽

Fangyuan He ◽

Xiaosan Wang ◽

Xingguo Wang ◽

Qingzhe Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Krill Oil ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Lipid Fractions ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Antarctic krill oil is an emerging marine lipid and expected to be a potential functional food due to its diverse nutrients, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), phospholipids, astaxanthin and tocopherols. Although krill oil has been previously proved to have anti-inflammatory activity, there is little information about the relationship between its chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the RAW264.7 macrophages model was used to elucidate and compare the anti-inflammatory potential of different krill lipid fractions: KLF-A, KLF-H and KLF-E, which have increasing phospholipids, EPA and DHA contents but decreasing astaxanthin and tocopherols levels. Results showed that all the krill lipid fractions alleviated the inflammatory reaction by inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO), release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and gene expression of proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, KLF-E with the highest phospholipids, EPA and DHA contents showed the strongest inhibition effect on the LPS-induced proinflammatory mediator release and their gene expressions. The results would be helpful to provide powerful insights into the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of krill lipid and guiding the production of krill oil products with tailor-made anti-inflammatory activity.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(di(5- substituted-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-6-(4-substituted phenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 2577-2582

Author(s):

Ayesha Siddiq ◽

Sadashivamurthy Shamanth ◽

Mohammed Salman ◽

K.K. Dharmappa ◽

Mantelingu Kempegowda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Therapy ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In present study, the anti-inflammatory potential of a series of 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(di(5-substituted- 1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-6-(4-substituted phenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (5a-e) were evuluated after characterizing through 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral studies. Initial toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy of synthesized compounds is evaluated against RAW264.7 macrophages cell line to derive at their IC50 values. Compounds 5a-e are further tested for their anti-inflammatory activity in Swiss albino rats using the 1% carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Compound 5a is taken as the lead compound and is further considered for behavioural evaluations such as stair climbing and motility exercises. Paw edema is analyzed at time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 h and stair climbing and motility tests are surveyed after 24 h of exposure to the test compound. The results of present study show that the compound 5a significantly reduces the paw thickness by 68% at p < 0.001 and increased the stair climbing (1.5 folds) and motility (1.6 folds) when compared to the 1% carrageenan rat group. Conclusively the results of present study show that compound 5a exhibits strong anti-inflammatory potential that can be used as a preclinical template for further investigations as an alternative therapy to the current NSAIDs.

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Comparison of anti-inflammatory effect between β-patchoulene epoxide and β-patchoulene in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739218785075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 205873921878507

Author(s):

Xue Wu ◽

Jia-Li Liang ◽

Yu-Hong Liu ◽

Jia-Zhen Wu ◽

Qiong-Hui Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Storage Period ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

β-patchoulene (β-PAE) is one of the essential tricyclic sesquiterpenes of patchouli oil while β-patchoulene epoxide (β-PAO) is the oxidative product of β-PAE which can only be found in the oil with long storage period. Our previous researches demonstrated that both β-PAE and β-PAO exert potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, but which one is more valuable still remains uncertain. Therefore, this study adopts the model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages to compare β-PAO with β-PAE on the anti-inflammatory activity. According to our results, β-PAO was superior to β-PAE on anti-inflammation as evidence by lowering the protein and mRNA expressions of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). β-PAO was also better than β-PAE in reducing the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 signaling pathway. The results above provided experimental basis for the conclusion that β-PAO was more potent than β-PAE in anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.

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