scholarly journals Insecticidal Toxicities of Three Main Constituents Derived from Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill Fruits against the Small Hive Beetles, Aethina tumida Murray

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bisrat ◽  
Chuleui Jung
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Small Hive Beetle ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
The World ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Small Hive Beetles

Small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray), indigenous to Africa, has spread to other parts of the world where has become a threat to the honeybee industry. In the present study, insecticidal properties (contact, fumigant, and repellent toxicities) of three main constituents derived from Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill fruits essential oil were evaluated against adult small hive beetles under laboratory conditions. The Hydrodistillation of T. ammi fruits, grown in Ethiopia, yielded a pale yellow essential oil (3.5% v/w) with a strong aromatic odor. Analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified twenty-two compounds that accounted for 98.68% of the total essential oil. The essential oil was dominated by monoterpenoids, comprising γ-terpinene (32.72%), p-cymene (27.92%), and thymol (24.36%). The essential oil showed strong contact and fumigation toxicities against the small hive beetle adults, with a LD50 value of 66.64 µg/adult and a LC50 value of 89.03 mg/L air, respectively. Among the main constituents, thymol was the most toxic component found in both contact (LD50 = 41.79 µg/adult) and fumigation (LC50 = 52.66 mg/L air) toxicities. The other two components, γ-terpinene and p-cymene, were less effective in both contact and fumigant toxicities testing. The results showed that T. ammi essential oil and thymol could serve as potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of small hive beetle adults.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents and insecticidal activities of the essential oil from Alpinia blepharocalyx rhizomes against Lasioderma serricorne

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Chun You ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Ran Chen ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Cigarette Beetle ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Ld50 Value

The aim of this research was to determine the chemical constituents and toxicities of essential oil derived from Alpinia blepharocalyx rhizomes against the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). Essential oil of A. blepharocalyx rhizomes was obtained from hydrodistillation and was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 46 components of the essential oil of A. blepharocalyx rhizomes were identified. The principal compounds in A. blepharocalyx essential oil were camphor (23.13%), sabinene (11.27%), ?-pinene (9.81%) and eucalyptol (8.86%) followed by camphene (8.05%), sylvestrene (5.61%) and ?-phellandrene (5.00%). Among them, the four active constituents, predicted with a bioactivity-test, were isolated and identified as camphor, sabinene, ?-pinene and eucalyptol. The essential oil of A. blepharocalyx possessed strong contact toxicity against the cigarette beetle with LD50 value of 15.02 ?g adult-1, and also exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against L. serricorne adults with LC50 value of 3.83 mg L-1 air. The results indicate that the essential oil of A. blepharocalyx shows potential in terms of contact and fumigant toxicities against stored product insects.

scholarly journals Note: Recording of Some Beetles in Honey Bee Colonies

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Abou-Shaara ◽  
M.E. Ahmad ◽  
J. Háva
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Small Hive Beetles ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Honey bees are very valuable to human. These social insects contribute in the pollination of many crops. Also, the products from honey bee colonies have many nutritional and medicinal benefits. Thus, keeping honey bees are very valuable and can be considered as source of income to many families. There are many diseases and pests that attack honey bee colonies. The pests attack bee colonies include: hornets, wax moths, bee-eater birds, and beetles. Such challenges can impact the survival and productivity of honey bee colonies. In this study, some beetle species belong to Fam. Nitidulidae, Dermestidae and Mycetophagidae were detected in honey bee colonies in Egypt, during spring. Despite the presence of many beetle species in the agricultural environment, only few species preferred the invasion of the colonies for feeding. These beetles do not attack stages of honey bees. They only feed on stored pollen or bee bread, especially those fallen on the bottom of the beehives. This is an alarm to follow the feeding behavior and distribution of these beetles. These beetles’ species can be considered as potential pests to weak honey bee colonies, housed in old or damaged beehives. The presence of large numbers of these beetles in weak colonies may disturb the activities of the bees and may passively impact the survival of the colonies. Listing these beetles is very important to better understanding the interaction between honey bees and beetles. On the other side, small hive beetles were not detected in the colonies. These beetles are currently one of the major problems facing honey bees in different parts of the world. This study confirms the absence of small hive beetles from Egypt.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis, antibacterial, antioxidant study and brine shrimp lethality analysis of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Shova D.C. ◽  
Binita Maharjan ◽  
Timila Shrestha ◽  
Samjhana Bharati ◽  
Ram Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fruit Part

Fruit part of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague was subjected to extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus. So collected essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS for its composition and exhibited the presence of 10 different compounds. The most abundant were γ-terpinene (53.81%) and thymol (29.40%). Antibacterial activity was performed against six bacterial species and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloaceae and Bacillus subtilis were the most susceptible to the essential oil showing zone of inhibition (ZOI) 1.4, 1.5 and 1.4 cm respectively. The IC50 value of the oil against DPPH was found to be 0.94 mg/mL. The LC50 value of essential oil of T. ammi against brine shrimp was found 26.2 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Small hive beetle,Aethina tumida, populations II: Dispersal of small hive beetles

Apidologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Spiewok ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
Robert Spooner-Hart ◽  
Jeff S. Pettis ◽  
Peter Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Small Hive Beetle ◽  
Small Hive Beetles

scholarly journals Physiological, morphological and phytochemical responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) populations to salt stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Mirniyam ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Parisa Yavari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Twenty-eight populations of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) were evaluated for morphological traits and oil yield in two consecutive years. Then, selected ajowan populations that revealed medium and high oil yield and higher seed weight in two years were selected for further studies. These were assessed for physiological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under four salt treatments control, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl. The essential oil composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Thymol (32.7-54.29%), γ -terpinene (21.71–32.81%), and p-cymene (18.74–26.16%) were major components. The highest and lowest thymol were recorded for Qazvin (control) and Qazvin (Low salt concentration), respectively. Salt stress caused an increase in essential oil content of Esfahfo and Qazvin populations. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in Arak population grown in 60 mM NaCl (183.83 mg TAE g− 1 DW) and Yazd population grown in 90 mM NaCl (5.94 mg QE g− 1 DW). Moreover, Yazd population exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 1566µg/mL) under 60 mM NaCl and the highest reducing power (0.69 nm) under 120 mM NaCl. Overall, the results revealed that low and moderate salt stress improves the phytochemicals of ajowan, being especially useful for pharmaceutical and food applications.

scholarly journals Prisoners receive food fit for a queen: honeybees feed small hive beetles protein-rich glandular secretions through trophallaxis

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.234807
Author(s):  
Zoë Langlands ◽  
Esther E. du Rand ◽  
Karl Crailsheim ◽  
Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk
Keyword(s):  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Small Hive Beetle ◽  
Protein Transfer ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
Small Hive Beetles ◽  
Nest Parasite

The honeybee nest parasite Aethina tumida (small hive beetle), uses behavioural mimicry to induce trophallactic feeding from its honeybee hosts. Small hive beetles are able to induce honeybee workers to share the carbohydrate–rich contents of their crops, but it is not clear whether the beetles are able to induce to workers to feed them the protein-rich hypopharyngeal glandular secretions fed to the queen, larvae and other nest mates. Protein is a limiting macronutrient in an insect's diet, essential for survival, growth and fecundity. Honeybees obtain protein from pollen, which is consumed and digested by nurse bees. They then distribute the protein to the rest of the colony in the form of hypopharyngeal gland secretions. Using 14C-phenylalanine as a qualitative marker for protein transfer, we show that small hive beetles successfully induce worker bees to feed them the protein-rich secretions of their hypopharyngeal glands during trophallaxis, and that females are more successful than males in inducing the transfer of these protein-rich secretions. Furthermore, behavioural observations demonstrated that female beetles do not preferentially interact with a specific age cohort of bees when soliciting food, but males tend to be more discriminate and avoids the more aggressive and active older bees.

scholarly journals Successful Pupation of Small Hive Beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), in Greenhouse Substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 3032-3034
Author(s):  
Bram Cornelissen ◽  
Peter Neumann ◽  
James D Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Small Hive Beetle ◽  
Crop Pollination ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Small Hive Beetles

Abstract The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray, is an invasive pest that has spread globally. Western honey bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), are considered the most important host and infestations can lead to collapse of colonies. Larvae feed on honey, pollen, and brood inside the hive and leave the hive as postfeeding wandering larvae to pupate in the surrounding soil. Other host species include bumble bees, stingless bees, and solitary bees, all of which can facilitate small hive beetle reproduction and are used for greenhouse crop pollination worldwide. Here, we investigated if small hive beetles can complete their life cycle when soil is absent by pupating in plant root-supporting substrates commonly used in greenhouses. Wandering small hive beetle larvae were introduced into containers with coconut fiber, perlite, a mixture of both and stone wool substrates to investigate pupation success and development time. Sand was used as control substrate. In all but one substrate (perlite), small hive beetles developed into adults equally well as they did in the sand. Development time ranged between 23 and 37 d and was not different from that of the control. We showed that small hive beetles can pupate in greenhouse substrates. This could constitute a problem for greenhouse pollination as well as it could facilitate small hive beetle survival in areas which otherwise would be deemed unsuitable or marginal environments for small hive beetles to become established. Our study highlights the opportunistic nature of the small hive beetle as an invasive species.

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oil of Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze Aerial Parts against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1870-1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENG YU LI ◽  
XIN CHAO LIU ◽  
XU BO CHEN ◽  
QI ZHI LIU ◽  
ZHI LONG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Liposcelis Bostrychophila ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil

Water-distilled essential oil from Clinopodium chinense (Labiatae) aerial parts at the flowering stage was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Thirty-five compounds, accounting for 99.18% of the total oil, were identified, and the main components of the essential oil of C. chinense were spathulenol (18.54%), piperitone (18.9%), caryophyllene (12.04%), and bornyl acetate (8.14%). Based on bioactivity-directed fractionation, bornyl acetate, caryophyllene, and piperitone were identified from the essential oil. The essential oil possessed fumigant toxicity against booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila) with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value of 423.39 μg/liter, while the isolated constituents, bornyl acetate and piperitone, had LC50 values of 351.69 and 311.12 μg/liter against booklice, respectively. The essential oil also exhibited contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila with an LC50 value of 215.25 μg/cm2. Bornyl acetate, caryophyllene, and piperitone exhibited acute toxicity against booklice with LC50 values of 321.42, 275.00, and 139.74 μg/cm2, respectively. The results indicated that the essential oil and its isolated constituents have potential for development into natural insecticides or fumigants for control of insects in stored grains.

scholarly journals Trachyspermum ammi aromatic water: A traditional drink with considerable anti-Candida activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arabi Monfared ◽  
Seyyed Amin Ayatolahi Mousavi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian ◽  
Davood Mehrabani ◽  
Aida Iraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi

Background and Purpose: Aromatic waters (AWs) are therapeutic distillates, which harbor both essential oil and water-soluble components of a plant. Due to the dispersion of the light amount of essence through the AWs, they have their specific pleasant smell, taste, and medicinal properties. In Iranian traditional medicine, Trachyspermum ammi AW is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from T. ammi AW and its antifungal activities against Candida species. Materials and Methods: The composition of the essential oil extracted from T. ammi AW was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the evaluation of the antifungal activity of AW against Candida species was performed using broth microdilution methods as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Moreover, the biofilm formation inhibition, antioxidant properties, and experimental activity of AW were determined in an animal model. Results: According to the results, thymol (78.08%) was the major compound of EO, followed by carvacrol (8.20%) and carvotanacetone (6.50%). Furthermore, T. ammi AW exhibited antifungal activities against the examined fungi and inhibited the biofilm formation of C. albicans at a concentration of up to 0.25 V/V. Histopathological analyses revealed that Candida colonization declined in the mice following the administration of T. ammi AW in a therapeutic trial. Conclusion: It seems that the presence of phenolic monoterpenes in AW has resulted in antifungal effects. Pleasant odor and antioxidant properties are extra bonuses to the antimicrobial effects of this plant. Based on the findings, AW might have the potential to be used in the management of alimentary candidiasis or oral hygienic products. 

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