Optimization of Protein Extraction Method for 2DE Proteomics of Goat’s Milk

Two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE)-based proteomics remains a powerful tool for allergenomic analysis of goat’s milk but requires effective extraction of proteins to accurately profile the overall causative allergens. However, there are several current issues with goat’s milk allergenomic analysis, and among these are the absence of established standardized extraction method for goat’s milk proteomes and the complexity of goat’s milk matrix that may hamper the efficacy of protein extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of three different protein extraction methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the 2DE-proteomics, using milk from two commercial dairy goats in Malaysia, Saanen, and Jamnapari. Goat’s milk samples from both breeds were extracted by using three different methods: a milk dilution in urea/thiourea based buffer (Method A), a triphasic separation protocol in methanol/chloroform solution (Method B), and a dilution in sulfite-based buffer (Method C). The efficacies of the extraction methods were assessed further by performing the protein concentration assay and 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE profiling, as well as identifying proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that method A recovered the highest amount of proteins (72.68% for Saanen and 71.25% for Jamnapari) and produced the highest number of protein spots (199 ± 16.1 and 267 ± 10.6 total spots for Saanen and Jamnapari, respectively) with superior gel resolution and minimal streaking. Six milk protein spots from both breeds were identified based on the positive peptide mass fingerprinting matches with ruminant milk proteins from public databases, using the Mascot software. These results attest to the fitness of the optimized protein extraction protocol, method A, for 2DE proteomic and future allergenomic analysis of the goat’s milk.

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Goats’ Feeding Supplementation with Acacia farnesiana Pods and Their Relationship with Milk Composition: Fatty Acids, Polyphenols, and Antioxidant Activity

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9080515 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 515 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Delgadillo-Puga ◽

Cuchillo-Hilario ◽

León-Ortiz ◽

Ramírez-Rodríguez ◽

Cabiddu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Acacia Farnesiana ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Conventional Diet ◽

Goat's Milk

Background: Research efforts have focused on the evaluation of the bioactive quality of animal products (milk, cheese, meat, and other by-products) contrasting various feeding strategies coming from different ecological zones. The study aimed to describe the fatty acids (FA), polyphenols (P), bioactive compounds (BC), and antioxidant activity (AA) of goat’s milk. Methods: Dairy goats were fed with five systems: (1) Grazing; (2) conventional diet (CD); (3) CD + 10% of Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods; (4) CD + 20% AF; and (5) CD + 30% AF. The fatty acid profile, health promoting and thrombogenic indexes were calculated. Milk extracts were evaluated by HPLC to determent phenolic compounds (gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin). Antioxidant activity of goat’s milk extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Results: Conventional diet showed the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids while grazing showed the best n-6:n-3 and the linoleic:alpha linolenic acid ratio. Similarly, grazing and AF boosted the polyphenol content. Conclusions: Acacia farnesiana inclusion in the goats’ diets increased the presence of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity while diminishing the cholesterol content of goat’s milk.

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Selective Allergy To Sheep'S And Goat'S Milk Proteins: 4 Cases

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.187 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. S46

Author(s):

A. Vereda ◽

M.A. Sampson ◽

M. Ibanez ◽

L. Bardina ◽

E. Thanik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Proteins ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat's Milk

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STRATEGI PEMASARAN SUSU KAMBING DI ADILLA GOAT FARM DESA JERUKSAWIT KECAMATAN GONDANGREJO KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v14i1.21042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Haidar Ischak ◽

Suprapti Supardi ◽

Minar Ferichani

Keyword(s):

Strategic Planning ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat Farm ◽

Financial Governance ◽

Goat's Milk ◽

Governance Training ◽

Internal And External Factors

Abstract: This research aims to identify the internal and external factors in the marketing of Adilla Goat Farm’s milk, formulate alternative marketing strategies, and priority strategies that can be applied in the marketing of Adilla Goat Farm’s milk. The basic method used in this research is descriptive analytic. Data analysis methods using matrix Internal External (IE), matrix Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT), and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSP). The results showed that the alternative strategies can be used by Adilla Goat Farm in the marketing of goat milk is a strategy to make agrotourism farm dairy goats for children to be more familiar with the benefits of goat's milk early, utilizing the waste from the goats to be processed/sold, worked together with other goat breeders in the group to expand the market, make financial governance training and marketing management, making another product innovation from the goat milk, provide training for workers to be able to market the products of goat's milk, and the expansion of product marketing through promotions and advertising intensively to make it more widely known. Priorities strategy that can be used by Adilla Goat Farm is the expansion of product marketing through promotions and advertising intensively to make it more widely known. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal dalam pemasaran susu kambing di Adilla Goat Farm, merumuskan alternatif strategi pemasaran, dan prioritas strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemasaran susu kambing di Adilla Goat Farm. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis matriks Internal External (IE), matriks Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT), dan matriks Quantitative Strategic Planning (QSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa alternatif strategi yang dapat digunakan oleh Adilla Goat Farm dalam memasarkan susu kambing adalah strategi membuat agrowisata peternakan kambing perah untuk anak-anak agar lebih mengenal manfaat susu kambing sejak dini, memanfaatkan limbah dari hasil ternak kambing untuk diolah/dijual, menjalin kerja sama dengan sesama peternak kambing dalam bentuk kelompok untuk memperluas pasar, pelatihan tata kelola keuangan dan manajemen pemasaran, membuat inovasi produk lain dengan bahan baku susu kambing, mengadakan pelatihan untuk tenaga kerja agar bisa ikut memasarkan produk susu kambing, perluasan pemasaran produk melalui promosi dan periklanan secara intensif agar lebih dikenal masyarakat luas. Prioritas strategi yang dapat dilakukan Adilla Goat Farm dalam memasarkan susu kambing adalah strategi perluasan pemasaran produk melalui promosi dan periklanan secara intensif agar lebih dikenal masyarakat luas.

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HUMAN SERUM PRECIPITINS TO GOAT'S MILK PROTEINS AND TO COW'S MILK PROTEINS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.35.2.247 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 247-253

Author(s):

Melvin Lee

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Whey Proteins ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Double Diffusion ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Human Sera ◽

Goat's Milk

Antigenic relationships of cow's milk, cow's serum, goat's milk, and goat's serum were studied, using techniques of agar double-diffusion, DEAE-cellulose fractionation of milk proteins, and human sera containing precipitins to cow's milk. Immunologically similar proteins are present in goat's serum and cow's serum, and evidence is presented for the occurrence of crossreacting antigenic serum proteins in milk of both species. However, the samples of milk also contain other proteins, unreleated to serum proteins, which react with rabbit and human antisera. Several human sera which contained antibodies to cow's milk were studied. Antibodies to goat's milk could be demonstrated in most of these, and to cow's serum and goat's serum in some of them. No precipitin lines were formed when rabbit or human sera were tested against commercial evaporated goat's milk, although precipitin lines were formed with reconstituted commercial dried goat's milk. Milk samples were separated into 16 fractions by column chromatographic procedures and tested against human sera. One serum sample contained antibodies only to whey proteins while two other sera contained antibodies to all 16 fractions in both cow's milk and goat's milk.

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Selective allergy to sheep’s and goat’s milk proteins

Allergologia et Immunopathologia ◽

10.1016/s0301-0546(04)79222-8 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

T. Muñoz Martín ◽

B. de la Hoz Caballer ◽

F. Marañón Lizana ◽

R. González Mendiola ◽

P. Prieto Montaño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Proteins ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat's Milk

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Strategi Pemasaran Susu Kambing Di Bogor

Jurnal Sains Terapan ◽

10.29244/jstsv.6.1.25-39 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 25-39

Author(s):

Lalita Paraduhita Martha ◽

Ma’mun Sarma ◽

Mukhamad Najib

Keyword(s):

Goat Milk ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Road Map ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat's Milk ◽

Milk Marketing ◽

The City

Milk consumption enhancement that not matched the number of domestic supply which still rely on cow’s milk makes Indonesia continue to importing milk, almost 70 percent of the total needed. An alternative to the fulfilment is to increase the supply from other livestock such as dairy goats. Bogor is a potential area for the development of dairy goat farm. The aims of this research are to: 1) analyze the goat's milk business potency in Bogor which considering the internal and external factors; and 2) develop an effective marketing strategy in order to improve the goat milk business in Bogor. The data was used in this research are primary and secondary data. The interviews for data collection conducted on October 2014 through November 2016, using a questionnaire tools with Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The research respondents amounted to 9 for SWOT and 7 to AHP. The respondents located in Bogor consisted of academics, dairy goat breeders, goat's milk seller/agent, agricultural bureau of the city also animal husbandry bureau and fisheries of the district. The internal factor has score of 2.701 of goat milk business in the city and district of Bogor, while the external factor has score of 3.085. Merging the two matrices put goat’s milk business into cell II, that is the grow and build cells. The recommendation of key strategic for goat’s milk marketing which effective based on the results of AHP with score of 0.202 is to make the development of goat’s milk business as part of government road map as an effort to optimize the potential of the city and district of Bogor.

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Hallumi Type Cheese Production Technology and its Nutritive Value

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.23040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.7) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Zarina Kapshakbayeva ◽

Aleksandr Mayorova ◽

Zhanar Moldabayeva ◽

Sholpan Baitukenova ◽

Asiya Utegenova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimal Process ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Goat's Milk ◽

Cheese Production ◽

Made In

Nowadays in Kazakhstan the assortment of products produced from goat's milk is currently not so great. The main problem with the lack of products based on goat's milk is that goat's milk, as an industrial raw material, has been little studied. This article examines the effectiveness of the use of goat milk in the production of cheese type halloumi. According to the studies, it was found that the use of whole milk for cheese production allows increasing the yield of the finished product. Also an enzyme preparation is selected, which ensures the optimal process of goat's milk proteins coagulation. The article also reflects the results of a comparative analysis of an experimentally produced cheese sample with authentic Halloumi cheese made in Cyprus.

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Hallumi Type Cheese Production Technology and Its Nutritive Value

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.23805 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.36) ◽

pp. 363

Author(s):

Zarina Kapshakbayeva ◽

Aleksandr Mayorov ◽

Zhanar Moldabayeva ◽

Sholpan Baitukenova ◽

Asiya Utegenova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimal Process ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Goat's Milk ◽

Cheese Production ◽

Made In

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Changes in the goat’s milk composition due to heat stress at the farm of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.32819/2021.92012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 74-81

Author(s):

S. V. Chumak ◽

V. O. Chumak ◽

A. V. Horchanok

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Protein Ratio ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat's Milk

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between milk indicators of dairy goats that are staying under heat stress with the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The main research areas of animals’ reaction to temperature stress were monitoring their physiological state, changes in behavior and metabolism through the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their regulation, assessing the immune system functional state, the antioxidant defense system, and determining the activity of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important to control the respiratory rate of animals, which becomes especially important when the air humidity is high and the reversal of the fat/protein ratio in milk is detected. It occurs under stressful conditions and significantly affects the technological properties of milk, especially in animals with high milk productivity. It is useful to provide goats after kidding with the opportunity to stay for a long time with an adequate photoperiod, this will affect the synthesis of prolactin and the level of milk yield at the peak of lactation. When feeding highly productive animals, it becomes important to regulate both the appetite of animals and the composition of the diet. This is important to prevent digestive disorders because the state of the ruminant stomach microbiota of the feed affects the synthesis of the constituent components of milk. When breeding, attention should be paid to multiple pregnancies, because the long-term effect of gonadotropins and other biologically active substances from the placenta affects the ability of females to produce greater milk secretion in the next lactation. According to the obtained results, staying in the transition zone according to the THI (more than 65) affected some of the chemical parameters of goat’s milk. In particular, there was a decrease in fat content, and therefore also the dry matter content and the fat/protein ratio, as well as urea, as one of the indicators of the rumen microbiota state. A significant increase in the number of somatic cells was observed almost three times, which confirms the presence of stress response from the mammary gland. For an objective assessment of the animals’ welfare state in terms of climatic conditions, it is advisable to use the definitions of the temperature-humidity index, and to confirm the stress response in dairy goats from any factor of keeping and feeding – laboratory determination of stress biomarkers in the composition of blood, milk, and urine.

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ALLERGENICITY ASSESSMENT OF GOAT'S MILK DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS OF ALPHA S1-CASEIN IN PATIENTS ALLERGIC TO COW'S MILK

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2017.5.21 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 150-155

Author(s):

Thi Huyen Nguyen ◽

Thi Minh Phuong Phan ◽

Galleri Grazia

Keyword(s):

Milk Protein ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Sds Page ◽

Goat's Milk

Background: Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy, especially, in infants and young children. In this case, milk from other mammalian species has been suggested as a possible nutritional alternative to cow’s milk. Goat’s milk is used quite popular to replace for cow’s milk. In the goat species, αS1casein (αS1-CN), coded by the CSN1S1 gene, is characterized by qualitative and quantitative polymorphisms extensively. This aim of this study is to evaluate allergenicity of goat’s milk containing differentk kinds of αS1CN. Methods: Individual milk samples from 26 selected goats with different CSN1S1 genotypes were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting by using sera from children allergic to cow’s milk with IgE specific to CN and/or serum protein. Results: The absence of reactivity for the αs1-CN highlighted with immunoblotting for all goat milk samples. Conclusions: The goat’s milk with particular genotype for CSN1S1 could be used as a source protein alternative in the case of αs1-CN awareness. Furthermore, these tests could be useful for evaluating from time to time the reactivity of patients with CMPA against milk proteins of these goats selected to establish the safety of its use in the specific subject. Key words: Allergenicity, milk protein, goat, alphaS1-Casein, CSN1S1gene

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