scholarly journals Changes in the goat’s milk composition due to heat stress at the farm of the Ukrainian steppe zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
S. V. Chumak ◽  
V. O. Chumak ◽  
A. V. Horchanok

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between milk indicators of dairy goats that are staying under heat stress with the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The main research areas of animals’ reaction to temperature stress were monitoring their physiological state, changes in behavior and metabolism through the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their regulation, assessing the immune system functional state, the antioxidant defense system, and determining the activity of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important to control the respiratory rate of animals, which becomes especially important when the air humidity is high and the reversal of the fat/protein ratio in milk is detected. It occurs under stressful conditions and significantly affects the technological properties of milk, especially in animals with high milk productivity. It is useful to provide goats after kidding with the opportunity to stay for a long time with an adequate photoperiod, this will affect the synthesis of prolactin and the level of milk yield at the peak of lactation. When feeding highly productive animals, it becomes important to regulate both the appetite of animals and the composition of the diet. This is important to prevent digestive disorders because the state of the ruminant stomach microbiota of the feed affects the synthesis of the constituent components of milk. When breeding, attention should be paid to multiple pregnancies, because the long-term effect of gonadotropins and other biologically active substances from the placenta affects the ability of females to produce greater milk secretion in the next lactation. According to the obtained results, staying in the transition zone according to the THI (more than 65) affected some of the chemical parameters of goat’s milk. In particular, there was a decrease in fat content, and therefore also the dry matter content and the fat/protein ratio, as well as urea, as one of the indicators of the rumen microbiota state. A significant increase in the number of somatic cells was observed almost three times, which confirms the presence of stress response from the mammary gland. For an objective assessment of the animals’ welfare state in terms of climatic conditions, it is advisable to use the definitions of the temperature-humidity index, and to confirm the stress response in dairy goats from any factor of keeping and feeding – laboratory determination of stress biomarkers in the composition of blood, milk, and urine.

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Muzammeer Mansor ◽  
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Nurain Nadiah Jaafar ◽  
Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽  
Atiqah Farah Zakaria ◽  
...  

Two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE)-based proteomics remains a powerful tool for allergenomic analysis of goat’s milk but requires effective extraction of proteins to accurately profile the overall causative allergens. However, there are several current issues with goat’s milk allergenomic analysis, and among these are the absence of established standardized extraction method for goat’s milk proteomes and the complexity of goat’s milk matrix that may hamper the efficacy of protein extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of three different protein extraction methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the 2DE-proteomics, using milk from two commercial dairy goats in Malaysia, Saanen, and Jamnapari. Goat’s milk samples from both breeds were extracted by using three different methods: a milk dilution in urea/thiourea based buffer (Method A), a triphasic separation protocol in methanol/chloroform solution (Method B), and a dilution in sulfite-based buffer (Method C). The efficacies of the extraction methods were assessed further by performing the protein concentration assay and 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE profiling, as well as identifying proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that method A recovered the highest amount of proteins (72.68% for Saanen and 71.25% for Jamnapari) and produced the highest number of protein spots (199 ± 16.1 and 267 ± 10.6 total spots for Saanen and Jamnapari, respectively) with superior gel resolution and minimal streaking. Six milk protein spots from both breeds were identified based on the positive peptide mass fingerprinting matches with ruminant milk proteins from public databases, using the Mascot software. These results attest to the fitness of the optimized protein extraction protocol, method A, for 2DE proteomic and future allergenomic analysis of the goat’s milk.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delgadillo-Puga ◽  
Cuchillo-Hilario ◽  
León-Ortiz ◽  
Ramírez-Rodríguez ◽  
Cabiddu ◽  
...  

Background: Research efforts have focused on the evaluation of the bioactive quality of animal products (milk, cheese, meat, and other by-products) contrasting various feeding strategies coming from different ecological zones. The study aimed to describe the fatty acids (FA), polyphenols (P), bioactive compounds (BC), and antioxidant activity (AA) of goat’s milk. Methods: Dairy goats were fed with five systems: (1) Grazing; (2) conventional diet (CD); (3) CD + 10% of Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods; (4) CD + 20% AF; and (5) CD + 30% AF. The fatty acid profile, health promoting and thrombogenic indexes were calculated. Milk extracts were evaluated by HPLC to determent phenolic compounds (gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin). Antioxidant activity of goat’s milk extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Results: Conventional diet showed the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids while grazing showed the best n-6:n-3 and the linoleic:alpha linolenic acid ratio. Similarly, grazing and AF boosted the polyphenol content. Conclusions: Acacia farnesiana inclusion in the goats’ diets increased the presence of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity while diminishing the cholesterol content of goat’s milk.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Haidar Ischak ◽  
Suprapti Supardi ◽  
Minar Ferichani

<p>Abstract: This research aims to identify the internal and external factors in the<br />marketing of Adilla Goat Farm’s milk, formulate alternative marketing strategies, and<br />priority strategies that can be applied in the marketing of Adilla Goat Farm’s milk.<br />The basic method used in this research is descriptive analytic. Data analysis methods<br />using matrix Internal External (IE), matrix Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and<br />Threat (SWOT), and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSP). The results<br />showed that the alternative strategies can be used by Adilla Goat Farm in the<br />marketing of goat milk is a strategy to make agrotourism farm dairy goats for children<br />to be more familiar with the benefits of goat's milk early, utilizing the waste from the<br />goats to be processed/sold, worked together with other goat breeders in the group to<br />expand the market, make financial governance training and marketing management,<br />making another product innovation from the goat milk, provide training for workers to<br />be able to market the products of goat's milk, and the expansion of product marketing<br />through promotions and advertising intensively to make it more widely known.<br />Priorities strategy that can be used by Adilla Goat Farm is the expansion of product<br />marketing through promotions and advertising intensively to make it more widely<br />known.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal<br />dalam pemasaran susu kambing di Adilla Goat Farm, merumuskan alternatif strategi<br />pemasaran, dan prioritas strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemasaran susu<br />kambing di Adilla Goat Farm. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini<br />adalah deskriptif analitik. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis matriks Internal<br />External (IE), matriks Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT), dan<br />matriks Quantitative Strategic Planning (QSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa<br />alternatif strategi yang dapat digunakan oleh Adilla Goat Farm dalam memasarkan<br />susu kambing adalah strategi membuat agrowisata peternakan kambing perah untuk<br />anak-anak agar lebih mengenal manfaat susu kambing sejak dini, memanfaatkan<br />limbah dari hasil ternak kambing untuk diolah/dijual, menjalin kerja sama dengan<br />sesama peternak kambing dalam bentuk kelompok untuk memperluas pasar, pelatihan<br />tata kelola keuangan dan manajemen pemasaran, membuat inovasi produk lain dengan<br />bahan baku susu kambing, mengadakan pelatihan untuk tenaga kerja agar bisa ikut<br />memasarkan produk susu kambing, perluasan pemasaran produk melalui promosi dan<br />periklanan secara intensif agar lebih dikenal masyarakat luas. Prioritas strategi yang<br />dapat dilakukan Adilla Goat Farm dalam memasarkan susu kambing adalah strategi<br />perluasan pemasaran produk melalui promosi dan periklanan secara intensif agar lebih<br />dikenal masyarakat luas.<br /><br /></p>


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254431
Author(s):  
Magda Filipczak-Fiutak ◽  
Agnieszka Pluta-Kubica ◽  
Jacek Domagała ◽  
Iwona Duda ◽  
Władysław Migdał

The use of small ruminant milk for smoked cheese production makes it possible to incorporate valuable nutrients into the diet, especially as the consumption of unprocessed sheep or goat’s milk is low compared to that from cows. Smoking of food not only prolongs its shelf-life but also improves its flavour. Taking the fact that many consumers do not accept some organoleptic properties of milk from small ruminants into account, the aim of the study was to assess and compare the organoleptic and nutritional properties of traditionally smoked cheeses made from goat, sheep and cow’s milk. The analysed cheeses differed in terms of dry matter content and its components such as protein and fat. Their acidity was comparable, except for the sample made of raw goat’s milk, which was characterised by a relatively high pH value (6.12 ± 0.06). The highest content of CLA (2.30 ± 0.04%), as well as the highest share of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, was determined in the cheese made from sheep’s milk. Moreover, the content of butyric and caproic free fatty acids in cheeses made from goat’s milk was found to be several times higher than in the other analysed cheeses. The organoleptic assessment did not reveal any significant differences between the cheeses produced at small, private farms and in industrial conditions, or between different types of cheese, regardless of the type of milk from which they were produced.


Author(s):  
Angelina V. Meleshkina ◽  
Natalia A. Geppe ◽  
Svetlana N. Chebysheva ◽  
Marina D. Velikoretskaia ◽  
Darima V. Dagbaeva

Mother's milk is a unique product for children in the first and second year of life. In addition to the components that provide the energy needs of the baby, breast milk contains many biologically active compounds, microorganisms, stem cells that influence the maturation of organs and systems, including the immune system. Even in the most advanced artificial formula, it is impossible to replicate the composition and effects of breast milk completely. Nevertheless, it is possible to introduce some components into the formula that have a positive effect on the developing immune system. These include fat components, in particular long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and -palmitate, nucleotides, the most valuable of which are adenosine, guanine, uridine, cytidine and inosine monophosphates, oligosaccharides, probiotics, macro- and microelements. Goat's milk is an attractive natural product for the production of quality infant formula. Enriching milk formulas based on goat's milk with components with immunomodulatory functions homologous to those of breast milk makes it possible to significantly reduce the adverse effects of artificial feeding of infants, as well as to achieve a positive immunomodulatory effect. Kabrita adapted goat milk formula contains all the beneficial natural components of goat milk, adapted by the manufacturer according to the protein, fat, carbohydrate, micro- and macronutrient composition, with the addition of probiotic complex BB-12 and lipid complex DigestX.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Lalita Paraduhita Martha ◽  
Ma’mun Sarma ◽  
Mukhamad Najib

Milk consumption enhancement that not matched the number of domestic supply which still rely on cow’s milk makes Indonesia continue to importing milk, almost 70 percent of the total needed. An alternative to the fulfilment is to increase the supply from other livestock such as dairy goats. Bogor is a potential area for the development of dairy goat farm. The aims of this research are to: 1) analyze the goat's milk business potency in Bogor which considering the internal and external factors; and 2) develop an effective marketing strategy in order to improve the goat milk business in Bogor. The data was used in this research are primary and secondary data. The interviews for data collection conducted on October 2014 through November 2016, using a questionnaire tools with Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The research respondents amounted to 9 for SWOT and 7 to AHP. The respondents located in Bogor consisted of academics, dairy goat breeders, goat's milk seller/agent, agricultural bureau of the city also animal husbandry bureau and fisheries of the district.  The internal factor has score of 2.701 of goat milk business in the city and district of Bogor, while the external factor has score of 3.085. Merging the two matrices put goat’s milk business into cell II, that is the grow and build cells. The recommendation of key strategic for goat’s milk marketing which effective based on the results of AHP with score of 0.202 is to make the development of goat’s milk business as part of government road map as an effort to optimize the potential of the city and district of Bogor.


2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kouřimská ◽  
E. Vondráčková ◽  
M. Fantová ◽  
P. Nový ◽  
L. Nohejlová ◽  
...  

Abstract The study was conducted to determine whether the inclusion of algae Chlorella vulgaris in dairy goats’ diets would change the fatty acid profile and increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in goat’s milk. White short-haired dairy goats on 2nd and 3rd lactations were fed 5 and 10 g of dried algae supplementation for six weeks. The fatty acids profile of milk was analyzed using gass chromatography (flame ionization detector (FID)). The addition of dried algae caused changes of the profile of fatty acids in the milk. The more algae were added to the diet, the greater the changes in the fatty acids profile of milk were found. A statistically significant effect (P = 0.0390) was found between the control group and the group supplemented with 10 g of Chlorella vulgaris per goat per day. The greatest effect of dietary treatment was seen in the relative reduction of palmitic acid content and increased oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids content. Results suggested that the addition of algae also increased the nutritional quality of goat’s milk. There was a positive change in the ratio of SFA:MUFA:PUFA in terms of reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids, as well as a change in the ratio of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Khairan Khairan ◽  
◽  
Cut Yulvizar ◽  
Suri Raihan Safriani ◽  
◽  
...  

Goat’s milk is white liquid derived from ruminant types of dairy goats. Milk is one of habitats of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB have a potential as antimicrobial because capable to kill the pathogenic bacteria. LAB isolated from Etawa crossbreed goat’s milk were characterized to stipulate the genus of the isolates. Characterization of LAB consists of colony, morphology and biochemical assay. The morphological examination of the colony, cell morphology and biochemical assay showed that three isolates were identified as Leuconostoc, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus. The antimicrobial activity assay showed that those isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but those isolates did not exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans.


Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.


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