scholarly journals Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Meryem Slighoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

scholarly journals Acute and repeated dose 60-day oral toxicity assessment of chemically characterized Berberis hispanica Boiss. and Reut in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-695
Author(s):  
Loubna El Fakir ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
Abdulhakeem Alzahrani ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Berberis Hispanica

Abstract Berberis hispanica Boiss. & Reut (B. hispanica) belongs to the family Berberidaceae, which is currently used in traditional medicines. This article aimed to study the phytochemical composition and acute and subacute toxicity of B. hispanica extract in rats. The phytochemical composition of B. hispanica extract was characterized using GC-MS. The acute toxicity was investigated in vivo via the oral administration of single doses including 400, 800, 1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 mg/kg for 14 days. The subchronic toxicity was studied through oral administration of 400 mg/kg for 60 days. The findings of the phytochemical analysis of B. hispanica extract showed the presence of various phytochemical compounds. Acute toxicity results revealed serious clinical symptoms and mortalities in rats treated with 800 mg/kg up to a maximum of 1,400 mg/kg. With acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity results showed also serious signs of toxicity including biochemical and histological alterations in animals treated with 1,400 mg/kg. B. hispanica extract revealed to be toxic in rats orally treated under both subacute (>400 mg/kg) and subchronic toxicity conditions (400 mg/kg). The outcome of this study serves the society as it provides toxicological evidence of B. hispanica used in alternative medicines

scholarly journals Withania frutescens. L Extract: Phytochemical Characterization and Acute and Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Studies in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Syed Saeed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Background. Withania frutescens. L (W. frutescens) is a perennial woody medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae largely used by the indigenous population to Morocco for the treatment of disease. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, acute, and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens extract in mice. Materials and Methods. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC/MS). Acute toxicity study was carried out in mice through oral administration of single doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was performed with oral administration of repeated doses 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), as well as histopathological changes potentially occurred in organs, (liver, kidney, and spleen) were evaluated. Results. The results of chromatographic analysis showed the richness of W. frutescens extract in interesting phytochemical compounds majorly constituted of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-(C10H16). Regarding acute toxicity study, the results showed no clinical symptoms occurred in treated mice compared to the control group and no histological changes detected in analyzed organs of treated mice with dose put to 2000 mg/kg nor adverse effect on biochemical parameters. Conclusion. The outcome of this work showed no toxic effect of W. frutescens in mice up to dose 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. Therefore, this study could scientifically validate further traditional use with safety in the range of tested doses.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Aerial Parts of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f in Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 13952-13961
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Clerodendrum is a genus of about 500 species belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Several species of this genus have been proved for the treatment of various diseases. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f were selected in this study; according to the literature available, there is no systematic toxicity studies for this plant were described. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity in mice and rats. The acute oral toxicity study was performed in mice following OECD guidelines 425, and the sub-acute toxicity was performed in male and female rats following OECD guidelines 407. The results showed that mice given a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg orally did not show any toxicity signs or mortality. In the sub-acute toxicity analysis in rats, 3 specific daily doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days did not induce any major changes to the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies revealed normal architecture that did not indicate any morphological disturbances. In our study, no deaths or any signs of toxicity were found in acute and subacute toxicity studies after oral administration according to OECD guidelines, which concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf (EACT) could use for in vivo biological activity studies in laboratory animals to explore its various medicinal activity before study in human subjects.

scholarly journals Phytochemical composition and pharmacological assessment of callus and parent plant of Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less. from Algerian Sahara

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1901
Author(s):  
Fairouz Belhadi ◽  
Saida Ouafi ◽  
Nadia Bouguedoura
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Purpose: To determine the phytochemical composition, acute toxicity, as well as analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of extracts of the aerial parts and callus cultures of Asteriscus graveolens.Methods: Different standard chemical tests were used for the screening of bioactive compounds in aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Asteriscus graveolens (PAE) and callus (CAE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to identify the constituents of the glycosidic extract (GE). Acute oral toxicity test was carried out to ascertain the safety of the plant material. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing test and carrageenan-induced edema test, respectively.Results: Phytochemical analysis showed some differences in composition between the aerial parts and callus cultures. Results from HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 12 phenolic compounds in the GE of adult plants. In addition to being orally safe (no mortality), all extracts showed significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced chemical pain: PAE and GE produced 63 and 68 % reductions in pain, respectively, relative to 60.26 % pain reduction by aspirin. All extracts exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects, with PAE producing the highest effect (73 %) at a dose of 100 mg/mL.Conclusion: Asteriscus graveolens extracts possess potent pharmacological properties due to the presence of some phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. These findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional uses of Asteriscus graveolens, and indicate that it is a potential source of antiinflammatory agents. Keywords: Acute toxicity, Anti-nociceptive, Anti-inflammatory, Aqueous extract, Callus, Flavonoids

scholarly journals In vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037
Author(s):  
Ez-zahir Abdeljaouad ◽  
Naya Abdallah ◽  
Seddik Nadia ◽  
Marnissi Farida ◽  
Belghmi Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ammi visnaga L (A.V.) is used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of kidney stones, diabetes and vitiligo. An in vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L. was investigated. In the acute toxicity, the extract was administered orally in a single dose to rats (0- 2000-5000 mg/kg) and in the sub-acute toxicity daily for 28 days (0-300-600-1000 mg/kg/day). The symptoms of toxicity and mortality have been recorded daily and during 14 days of recovery with an examination of liver, kidney, hematologic, biochemical and histological analysis at the end of treatment. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by induction of oedema and the anti-psoriasis by induction of a psoriasiform-like skin phenotype by UV-B radiations. No mortality was observed after single gavages by a dose up to 5000 mg/kg and no signs of toxicity noted. Clinical and biochemical examination during 28 days of gavages at all doses showed no significant difference compared to control group, while a significant reduction in MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and P-LCR (platelet large cell ratio) (p <0.05), PDW (platelet distribution width) and MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) (p <0.01) was observed and histopathological examinations showed slight inflammation in the liver and kidneys for the higher dose. Percentage of inhibition of the oedema was near the positive control 50% for all doses tested. Treatment with A.V. extract had decreased the thickness of the skin induced by UV-B irradiation.  In conclusion, the LD50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg; therefore A.V. can be classified as non-toxic but if used in the long term can induce a slight toxicity dose dependant with high anti-psoriasis and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity of Ammi visnaga on rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽  
Mahmoud S. Arbid ◽  
Marwa A. El-Attar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Ammi visnaga (Av) is a source of khellin where a tea made from the fruit of this plant was used as herbal medicine for kidney stones in Egypt. In the present research, the acute and subacute toxicity studies with oral intake of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of Av seed ethanolic extract in rats were done. In acute toxicity test, 4 groups of rats (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) were chosen and the first control group received tap water, while the other three groups received Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, 72 rats (36 males and 36 females) were divided into 4 major groups; group I received tap water (control group), while animals in groups II, III, and IV (test groups) received oral intake of Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt, respectively. Each of this major group was subdivided consequently into 3 subgroups (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) where brain tissue, blood sample, body and organs weights were recorded at the beginning and then after two and four weeks of the experiment for the determination of hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary). With regard to acute toxicity, Av seed ethanolic extract did not induce any toxic effects or death or any organ toxicity. In subacute toxicity study; oral intake with Av seed ethanolic extract did not reveal any change in body and organs weights, hematological parameters, serum glucose and cholesterol, brain neurotransmitters, liver and kidney functions, male and female hormones. In conclusion, Av seed ethanolic extract is nontoxic to liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Toxicity Study of Aristolochia paucinervis Rhizomes Decoction Used in Moroccan Alternative Medicine: Histopathological and Biochemical Profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ayoub Lahmadi ◽  
Hafid Achtak ◽  
Ayoub Touis ◽  
Jamal Elbrahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Test Population

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Aristolochia paucinervis (A. paucinervis) (Aristolochiaceae) is a plant frequently used in Moroccan alternative medicine. The aim of the current study is to investigate the phytochemical composition of rhizomes decoction of A. paucinervis (RDA) and to evaluate its acute and subacute toxicity following the OECD guidelines. Materials and Methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of A. paucinervis was performed using standard qualitative phytochemical procedures. The acute toxicity of rhizomes decoction of the studied plant was evaluated in mice at single doses of 1, 2, and 4 g/kg of body weight for 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, the decoction was orally administered to mice at three different doses (0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg/day) for 28 days. Histopathological and biochemical parameters were investigated. Results. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and polyphenols and the absence of anthraquinones, sterols, and terpenes. There was no mortality and no significant changes occurred in animals treated with 1 and 2 g/kg in the acute toxicity model. The signs of toxicity and morbidity were remarkable with the highest tested dose (4g/kg). LD50 (dose required to kill 50% of the test population) was determined as 4 g/kg. Repeated oral administration of 1 and 1.5 g/kg/day of RDA for 28 days induced significant disturbance of serum parameters (AST, ALT, LDH, urea, creatinine). Kidney and liver extracted from mice fed with 1 and 1.5 g/kg/day showed significant histopathological injuries as tubular necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, tubular degeneration, necrosis, and hepatic cholestasis. Meanwhile, neither histopathological nor biochemical alterations were observed in mice treated with 0.5 g/kg/day of body weight in comparison to the control group. Conclusion. RDA showed toxicity in mice at a dose of 1 g/kg/day under subacute toxicity conditions. RDA is safe at a single dose inferior to 4 g/kg of body weight. The plant extract prepared by decoction showed more poisonous effect than the extract prepared by maceration at room temperature.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1403-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
Syed Saeed Ali ◽  
Laila Benbacer ◽  
Naima khlil
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
North African ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Bryonia Dioica ◽  
Repeated Doses

AbstractTo investigate the phytochemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. dioica roots. The phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B.dioica roots was assessed in mice with single doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/kg for 14 days. The sub-acute toxicity was carried out with repeated doses ranging from 64.5 to 250 mg/kg for 28 days. Histopathological changes and markers of renal and liver function were investigated. The results of GC-MS analysis showed the presence of interesting phytoconstituents. The clinical symptoms and mortalities that occurred in treated mice were more remarkable due to the increasing sample concentration of the studied extract. However, no mortalities, or histopathological, or biochemical disturbances were observed even at the maximal dose administered (250 mg/kg). The outcome of the present work suggests that the treatment of animals with single doses of B. dioica roots extract higher than 250 mg/kg produces significant toxicities, however, treatment with repeated doses up to 250 mg/kg for 28 days seems to be safe for animals.

scholarly journals In vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Dissotis rotundifolia Extracts and Fractions on Plasmodium falciparum Strains

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Rock Djehoue ◽  
Rafiou Adamou ◽  
Abdou Madjid O. Amoussa ◽  
Adande A. Medjigbodo ◽  
Anatole Laleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Study Laboratory

Aim: Dissotis rotundifolia were selected after an ethnopharmacological survey conducted on plants used traditionally for malaria treatment in South Benin, with the aim of discovering new natural active extracts against malaria parasites. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactive Natural Substances, University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin)/ Laboratory of Infectious Vector Borne Diseases, Regional Institute of Public Health (Benin)/ Laboratoire d’Histologie, de Cytogénétique et d’Embryologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (Benin). The study was conduct from October 2018 to June 2019 in Benin. Methodology: The antiplasmodial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) immunodetection assay. The extract with the best antiplasmodial activity were used on Wistar rats for acute toxicity. Results: Ethanolic extract of Dissotis rotundifolia showed promising activity (Isolate: IC50 = 22.58 ± 1.12 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 6.81 ± 0.85 µg/mL) on Plasmodium falciparum compared to the aqueous extract (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50> 100 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of D. rotundifolia exhibit highly potent activity against P. falciparum strain (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL μg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.72 μg/mL). Haemolytic effect of actives extracts and fractions is less than 5%. Ethanolic extract of D. rotundifolia revealed no obvious acute toxicity in rat up to the highest dose administered (2000 mg/kg). Conclusion: This study justifies traditional uses of D. rotundifolia against malaria. A bioguided fractionation of these extracts would identify molecules responsible for their antiplasmodial activity. Moreover, these results could lead to the design of improved traditional medicines in the basis of this plant.

scholarly journals The safety of tea agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) from tree induction through test of toxicity subchronic oral 90 days

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
RIDWANTI BATUBARA ◽  
SURJANTO SURJANTO ◽  
TAHAN MANGARANAP SIHOMBING ◽  
HERAWATY GINTING
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Histopathological Results

Batubara R, Surjanto, Sihombing TM, Ginting H. 2016. The safety of tea agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) from tree induction throuht test of toxicity subcronic oral 90 days. Biofarmasi 14: 69-76. Subchronic toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect that arises after the administration of the test reparation with repeated doses were given orally to the tested animal for 28 or 90 days. Leaves agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) is a tree from a tribe Thymeleaceae, already started popular used the farmer agarwood in Langkat as a drink that in pour. The result of an interview with the farmer agarwood explained that consume tea from the leaves agarwood of this kind of have many benefits include improve canal. To that was done the research security against the tea leaves agarwood induction taken from agriculture agarwood in Langkat, Sumatera North through test toxic subchronic oral. This study aims to determine the symptoms of toxic posed by product tea agarwood induction. This study used laboratory animals that male mice and female mice were divided into 5 groups, namely the 130, 260, 390, 520 mg/kgBW and the control group. The observation of clinical symptoms indicate the presence of toxic symptoms of weakness, changes in fur and agitated at doses of 390 and 520 mg/kgBW in male mice and female mice, the observation macropathology organs alloxan still normal the red-brown, the surface of slippery and consistency chewy. Histopathological results showed hemoglia and dilation of the blood vessels in all groups. Results showed that mice were given tea steeping agarwood induction doses ranging from 130, 260,390 and 520 mg/kgBW there are no mice died, so it can be concluded that the administration of agarwood tea steeping in mice does not cause toxic symptoms and safe for consumption.

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