In vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L.

Ammi visnaga L (A.V.) is used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of kidney stones, diabetes and vitiligo. An in vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L. was investigated. In the acute toxicity, the extract was administered orally in a single dose to rats (0- 2000-5000 mg/kg) and in the sub-acute toxicity daily for 28 days (0-300-600-1000 mg/kg/day). The symptoms of toxicity and mortality have been recorded daily and during 14 days of recovery with an examination of liver, kidney, hematologic, biochemical and histological analysis at the end of treatment. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by induction of oedema and the anti-psoriasis by induction of a psoriasiform-like skin phenotype by UV-B radiations. No mortality was observed after single gavages by a dose up to 5000 mg/kg and no signs of toxicity noted. Clinical and biochemical examination during 28 days of gavages at all doses showed no significant difference compared to control group, while a significant reduction in MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and P-LCR (platelet large cell ratio) (p <0.05), PDW (platelet distribution width) and MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) (p <0.01) was observed and histopathological examinations showed slight inflammation in the liver and kidneys for the higher dose. Percentage of inhibition of the oedema was near the positive control 50% for all doses tested. Treatment with A.V. extract had decreased the thickness of the skin induced by UV-B irradiation. In conclusion, the LD50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg; therefore A.V. can be classified as non-toxic but if used in the long term can induce a slight toxicity dose dependant with high anti-psoriasis and anti-inflammatory activities.

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Study of the Acute Toxicity and Antipyretic Activity of the Aqueous Extract of the Bark Distemonanthus benthamianus Baill (Caesalpiniaceae: Leguminosae -Caesalpinioideae)

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1930349 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 48-58

Author(s):

K. J. Kouadio ◽

F. S. Ouattara-Soro ◽

W. M. O. Tovi ◽

K. B. Yao ◽

M. GboGbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Aqueous Suspension ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Antipyretic Activity ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Significant Difference ◽

African Populations ◽

Healthy Control

Aims: Distemonanthus benthamianus is a widespread plant in West Africa. The bark of its stem is used popularly to treat a variety of illnesses, including fever, bronchitis, rheumatism and malaria. The objective of this work is to evaluate the antipyretic activity of the aqueous extract of the bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract of the bark of D. benthamianus was tested for their acute oral toxicity in rats. Antipyretic activity was studied in rats of the Wistar strain made feverish after subcutaneous injection of an aqueous suspension of brewer's yeast (Saccharomycete cerevisiae) 20% compared to aspirin. Results: This study showed that administration of the extract at doses of 300, 2000 and 5000 mg / kg / kg dry extract in rats showed no acute toxicity or adverse effects. The results showed that the best antipyretic activity of the extract was recorded at a dose of 800 mg / kg, at the third hour, with a decrease in fever from 39.29 ± 0.14°C to 37.75 ± 0.25°C, i.e. a percentage inhibition of 57% against 62% for the standard molecule (p> 0.05). At this dose, CRP was 3.85 ± 0.1 mg / L compared to that of the healthy control which was 2.78 ± 0.35 mg / L. The results of the albumin assay did not show a significant difference between the treated and untreated fever groups and the healthy control group. In addition, the results showed that the leukocyte level in the feverish control rats is very high (18.84 103 / mm3 of leukocytes) compared to the healthy and treated control rats. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of the bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus is not oral toxic and has interesting antipyretic activities similar to aspirin. The results obtained confirm the validity of the traditional indication of this plant in the management of fever by African populations.

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Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽

Mohammed Bourhia ◽

Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽

Hamza Mechchate ◽

Meryem Slighoua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study ofEuphorbia hirtaL. Methanol Extract in Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/182064 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kwan Yuet Ping ◽

Ibrahim Darah ◽

Yeng Chen ◽

Subramaniam Sreeramanan ◽

Sreenivasan Sasidharan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Morphological Alteration ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference

DespiteEuphorbia hirtaL. ethnomedicinal benefits, very few studies have described the potential toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thein vivotoxicity of methanolic extracts ofE. hirta. The acute and subchronic oral toxicity ofE. hirtawas evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. Therefore, the LD 50 of this plant was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg/day ofE. hirtaextract per body weight revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in food and water consumptions, body weight change, haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and gross findings compared to the control group. Macropathology and histopathology examinations of all organs including the liver did not reveal morphological alteration. Analyses of these results with the information of signs, behaviour, and health monitoring could lead to the conclusion that the long-term oral administration ofE. hirtaextract for 90 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity.

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Hepatoprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Oxalis debilis Kunth. Leaves

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs113.36263633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3626-3633

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Oral Doses

This study aimed to investigate hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Oxalis debilis (ODHE) leaves. Acute oral toxicity evaluated ODHE in graded oral doses (100, 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight) in rats. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in CCl4 intoxicated rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses of ODHE, while anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight doses of ODHE. The ODHE was safe at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg in experimental rats. In hepatoprotective activity, ODHE significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB) levels as compared to the CCl4control group. On the other hand, ODHE showed an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the control group in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the ODHE (400 mg/kg) and CCl4 groups. The present experiment showed that ODHE has significant hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Results confirm the use of O. debilis in folk medicine in the treatment of hepatotoxicity and inflammation.

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Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Aerial Parts of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f in Rodents

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac116.1395213961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 13952-13961

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Female Rats ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Male And Female Rats

Clerodendrum is a genus of about 500 species belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Several species of this genus have been proved for the treatment of various diseases. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f were selected in this study; according to the literature available, there is no systematic toxicity studies for this plant were described. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity in mice and rats. The acute oral toxicity study was performed in mice following OECD guidelines 425, and the sub-acute toxicity was performed in male and female rats following OECD guidelines 407. The results showed that mice given a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg orally did not show any toxicity signs or mortality. In the sub-acute toxicity analysis in rats, 3 specific daily doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days did not induce any major changes to the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies revealed normal architecture that did not indicate any morphological disturbances. In our study, no deaths or any signs of toxicity were found in acute and subacute toxicity studies after oral administration according to OECD guidelines, which concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf (EACT) could use for in vivo biological activity studies in laboratory animals to explore its various medicinal activity before study in human subjects.

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In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity and Toxicological Analyses of the Ethanolic Leaf and Twig Extract of Faurea speciosa Welw. (Proteaceae)

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/7347532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Felix Ayisi ◽

Caleb Nketia Mensah ◽

Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Plant Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

In Africa, medicinal plants are commonly used to treat malaria and other diseased conditions. The ethanolic leaf and twig extract of Faurea speciosa has been shown to possess promising antiplasmodial properties. This present study was aimed at investigating its antiplasmodial effect in vivo. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out on the plant samples using standard methods. The antiplasmodial effect against early infection, curative effect against established infection, and prophylactic effect against residual infection were studied in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice while the carrageenan-induced edema model in chicks was used for anti-inflammatory tests. The phosphomolybdenum and DPPH radical scavenging assays were used in the evaluation of antioxidant potential. Acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Phytochemical screening of plant samples revealed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. Faurea speciosa leaf and twig extract exhibited significant antiplasmodial activities in the mouse model with parasite suppression rates of 66.63%, 71.70%, and 56.93% in the suppressive, curative, and prophylactic tests, respectively. A 55.50% reduction of edema in the anti-inflammatory test indicated moderate success in reducing inflammation. The total antioxidant capacity of the extract was determined to be 65.4 mg AAE/g of extract, while in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value was found to be 499.4 μg/mL. With the exception of an inconsistent rise in urea level, there was no significant difference in the other biochemistry parameters in the acute toxicity studied. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was over 2000 mg/kg. The results of this study show that Faurea speciosa leaf and twig extract has promising antimalarial capabilities and is fairly safe at low concentrations.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Studies on Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. Leaves Essential Oil from Benin

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2020/8261058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Habib Toukourou ◽

Francine Uwambayinema ◽

Yousof Yakoub ◽

Birgit Mertens ◽

Anatole Laleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Inhalation Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

African Countries ◽

Significant Difference

Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. (Poaceae) is a medicinal plant used to treat various diseases in traditional medicine in several African countries. The present study aims to evaluate the oral and inhalation toxicity as well as the mutagenic effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon giganteus leaves (EOCG) from a sample collected in Benin. Mutagenic potential was assessed by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Oral acute toxicity was carried out by administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. to Wistar rats while oral subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of 50 and 500 mg/kg of EOCG for 28 days. Finally, inhalation toxicity was assessed by administration of a single dose of 0.125%, 0.5%, 2% or 5% v/v of EOCG emulsions in 0.05% v/v lecithin solution in sterile water for the first experiment, and in a second one by administration of single dose of 0.125% or 0.5% v/v. A broncho-alveolar lavage was performed after 3 h or 24 h, respectively. The results show that EOCG is not mutagenic on Salmonella typhimurium strains at the highest concentration tested (200 μg/plate). In the acute oral toxicity study, EOCG induce neither mortality nor toxicity, showing that the LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute oral toxicity study at both doses did not show any significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, hematological and/or biochemical parameters or histopathology as compared to the control group. EOCG induced mortality and inflammation in lungs 3 h after administration of a single dose of 5% or 2% v/v. Single doses of 0.125% or 0.5% v/v did not induce inflammation, cell recruitment nor cytotoxicity in lungs 3 h or 24 h after administration, suggesting safety at these concentrations. This first report on the in vivo toxicity will be useful to guide safe uses of EOCG.

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Gastroprotective Effects of Lion’s Mane MushroomHericium erinaceus(Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract against Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/492976 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jing-Yang Wong ◽

Mahmood Ameen Abdulla ◽

Jegadeesh Raman ◽

Chia-Wei Phan ◽

Umah Rani Kuppusamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Gastric Wall ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

Hericium erinaceusis a famous tonic in oriental medicine. The gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusagainst ethanol-induced ulcers inSprague Dawleyrats were investigated. The possible involvements of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also investigated. Acute toxicity study was performed. The effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceuson the ulcer areas, ulcer inhibition, gastric wall mucus, gross and histological gastric lesions, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcerin vivo. In acute toxicity study, a high dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The extract promoted ulcer protection as ascertained by a significant reduction of the ulcer area. Furthermore, it exhibited a significant protection activity against gastric mucosal injury by preventing the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. The level of MDA was also limited in rat stomach tissues when compared with the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of HSP70 protein and downregulation of BAX protein in rats pretreated with the extract. The aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusprotected gastric mucosa in ourin vivomodel. It is speculated that the bioactive compounds present in the extract may play a major role in gastroprotective activity.

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Evaluation of Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Leptadenia Reticulata in Animal Models

Journal of Natural Remedies ◽

10.18311/jnr/2016/468 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sneha Bherji ◽

M. Ganga Raju ◽

Namile Divya

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Antipyretic Activity ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: To study the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of the Aqueous Extract of Leptadenia Reticulata (AELR) in different animal models. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity studies were performed and extract was found to be safe upto 2000 mg/kg. Two doses were selected for the "evaluation of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Leptadenia reticulata in animal models" i.e 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b. w. Antipyretic activity was evaluated using baker's yeast induced pyrexia in albino rats and cow milk induced pyrexia in albino rabbits. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema and turpentine oil induced paw edema in albino rats. Results: In all the animal models AELR at the dose of 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w showed significant (P<0.01) antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: These finding could justify the inclusion of aqueous extract of Leptadenia reticulata in the management of pyrexia and inflammation.

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FORMULATION, EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF MORINGA GRANULES

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021v13i3.40478 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112-120

Author(s):

HARITH JAMEEL MAHDI ALSAMMARRAIE ◽

NURZALINA ABDUL KARIM KHAN ◽

ROZIAHANIM MAHMUD

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽

Animal Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Consumption of crude natural products like plants and herbs for mitigation or treatment of illnesses usually accompanied with inconsistent therapeutic effects because of poor solubility and low bioavailability of active phytochemical(s) in addition to product instability. To overcome all of above mentioned drawback ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf was formulated as standardised solid dosage form. Methods: Different types of materials as an adsorbent, surfactant and other necessary excipients were tested to be use in formulation of Moringa granules utilising wet granulation method. The formulated Moringa granules was then evaluated for organoleptic properties and physical characteristics, in vitro dissolution test, compatibility, drug content, heavy metal tests and microbial limit tests. Additionally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory against Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and anti-arthritic activity against CFA-induced arthritis were also assessed. Results: 95% ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves was successfully formulated as standardised granules for oral administration utilising simple and low-cost techniques. Dissolution rate for the marker compounds was increased by an average of 1.076 fold. Animal groups given the prepared Moringa granules showed an improvement in the anti-inflammatory activity and the anti-arthritic activity compared to animal groups given crude extract at the same dose level. Additionally, all the treatment groups showed a significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 compared to control group. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this work was the first to use gum Arabic in the formulation of a standardised botanical pharmaceutical dosage form of M. oleifera crude extract. Additionally, formulation of Moringa granules apparently improves the drug release profile and bioactivity compare to Crude Moringa extract.

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