Phytochemical Analysis and Toxicity Study of Aristolochia paucinervis Rhizomes Decoction Used in Moroccan Alternative Medicine: Histopathological and Biochemical Profiles

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Aristolochia paucinervis (A. paucinervis) (Aristolochiaceae) is a plant frequently used in Moroccan alternative medicine. The aim of the current study is to investigate the phytochemical composition of rhizomes decoction of A. paucinervis (RDA) and to evaluate its acute and subacute toxicity following the OECD guidelines. Materials and Methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of A. paucinervis was performed using standard qualitative phytochemical procedures. The acute toxicity of rhizomes decoction of the studied plant was evaluated in mice at single doses of 1, 2, and 4 g/kg of body weight for 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, the decoction was orally administered to mice at three different doses (0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg/day) for 28 days. Histopathological and biochemical parameters were investigated. Results. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and polyphenols and the absence of anthraquinones, sterols, and terpenes. There was no mortality and no significant changes occurred in animals treated with 1 and 2 g/kg in the acute toxicity model. The signs of toxicity and morbidity were remarkable with the highest tested dose (4g/kg). LD50 (dose required to kill 50% of the test population) was determined as 4 g/kg. Repeated oral administration of 1 and 1.5 g/kg/day of RDA for 28 days induced significant disturbance of serum parameters (AST, ALT, LDH, urea, creatinine). Kidney and liver extracted from mice fed with 1 and 1.5 g/kg/day showed significant histopathological injuries as tubular necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, tubular degeneration, necrosis, and hepatic cholestasis. Meanwhile, neither histopathological nor biochemical alterations were observed in mice treated with 0.5 g/kg/day of body weight in comparison to the control group. Conclusion. RDA showed toxicity in mice at a dose of 1 g/kg/day under subacute toxicity conditions. RDA is safe at a single dose inferior to 4 g/kg of body weight. The plant extract prepared by decoction showed more poisonous effect than the extract prepared by maceration at room temperature.

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Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽

Mohammed Bourhia ◽

Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽

Hamza Mechchate ◽

Meryem Slighoua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

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Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of the Ethyl Acetate Soluble Proanthocyanidins of the Immature Inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. in Female Wistar Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/8428304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

C. P. Ekanayake ◽

M. G. Thammitiyagodage ◽

S. Padumadasa ◽

B. Seneviratne ◽

C. Padumadasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Immature Inflorescence ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Ayurvedic and traditional medical practitioners of Sri Lanka use the decoction of the immature inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. (IC) variety aurantiaca for the treatment of menorrhagia. The progestogenic effect of the ethyl acetate soluble proanthocyanidins (EASPA) of the IC in female rats at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight has been reported. Acute and subacute toxicity studies of EASPA of the IC carried out using female Wistar rats according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423 and 407, respectively, are reported herein. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of EASPA (2000 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to rats, which were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, rats were orally administered with EASPA daily for 28 days at doses of 1.75, 3.5, 7, and 14 mg/kg body weight. No rat in either the acute or subacute toxicity study exhibited mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. Further, these rats did not show any significant change in their mean body weight, food, and water intake, haematological and biochemical parameters as well as in the results of their histopathological examinations compared to those of control group rats. According to results of the acute toxicity, the LD50 of EASPA is estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Considering the results of the subacute toxicity study, the oral administration of EASPA daily for 28 days was well tolerated up to the dose, 14 mg/kg by rats. These results will be useful in the development of a novel therapeutic agent from EASPA of the IC for the treatment of menorrhagia, which incapacitates a considerable proportion of women worldwide.

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Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of the Aqueous Extract from Haloxylon scoparium Pomel (Hammada scoparia (Pomel)) by Oral Administration in Rodents

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4020647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Loubna Kharchoufa ◽

Mohamed Bouhrim ◽

Noureddine Bencheikh ◽

Soufiane El Assri ◽

Asmae Amirou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Potential Toxicity ◽

Histological Studies ◽

Subacute Toxicity

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Haloxylon scoparium Pomel is a herbal medicine traditionally used for treating scorpions and snakebite, diabetes, and stomachache as well as several other diseases. No systematic study of the potential toxicity of the plant has been described. Aim of the Study. The current study is aimed at assessing the potential toxicity of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel through the acute and subacute toxicity tests. Materials and Methods. Acute toxicity test was performed on Swiss albino mice at a single oral dose of 1-10 g/kg for 14 consecutive days. General behavioral adverse effects, mortality, and latency of mortality were determined. In the subacute study, the Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract was administered orally at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg daily for 30 days to Wistar rats. Body weight and selected biochemical and hematological parameters were determined at the end of the experiment. Sections of livers and kidneys were removed for histological studies. Results. Acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD50 value of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract was 5000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract at doses 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg did not produce any observable symptoms of toxicity and no significant variation in body weight, organ weights, food, and water consumption or mortality in all treated rats. However, the administration of the Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract to rats at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in platelets. Moreover, only at the highest dose (2000 mg/kg), the extract caused a significant increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin. Our results showed that subacute treatments with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract at doses of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase and triglycerides. Histological studies showed that the subacute treatments of rats with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts, at the doses 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, induced some histopathological changes in the livers but a slight changing in kidneys. Conclusion. Our results indicated low acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel. Furthermore, daily oral administration of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract caused some damages to the livers of rats treated with high doses, expressed by an increase in some enzyme activities such as ALP. Regarding the renal function, we did not find remarkable toxicity in the subacute treatment with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts at doses 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. However, further toxicity assessments should be done to ascertain the safety or the toxicity of this valuable plant species “Haloxylon scoparium pomel” in subchronic treatments.

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Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicities of Psidium guajava Methanolic Bark Extract: A Botanical with In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/8306986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hermione T. Manekeng ◽

Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽

Samuel A. Ntyam Mendo ◽

Armel-Joseph D. Agokeng ◽

Victor Kuete

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Female Rats ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Subacute Toxicity

The methanol crude extract of the bark of Psidium guajava (guava) previously displayed interesting cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines. In the present work, we plan to determine the toxicological effects of this guava botanical in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out by administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to female rats in 14 days. Subacute toxicity was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while rats in the control group received no extract. After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed for hematological and biochemical studies. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were recorded; hence, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the Psidium guajava bark extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, relative weight of organs, and biochemical parameters were observed in the animals treated at different doses of the plant extract compared to control animals. Histopathological analyses showed minor liver inflammation in females treated at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). These results suggest that intake of a single high dose of the Psidium guajava bark extract is nontoxic, but repeat administration could exhibit mild organ toxicity.

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Withania frutescens. L Extract: Phytochemical Characterization and Acute and Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Studies in Mice

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/1976298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽

Mohammed Bourhia ◽

Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽

Imane Es-safi ◽

Syed Saeed Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

Background. Withania frutescens. L (W. frutescens) is a perennial woody medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae largely used by the indigenous population to Morocco for the treatment of disease. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, acute, and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens extract in mice. Materials and Methods. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC/MS). Acute toxicity study was carried out in mice through oral administration of single doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was performed with oral administration of repeated doses 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), as well as histopathological changes potentially occurred in organs, (liver, kidney, and spleen) were evaluated. Results. The results of chromatographic analysis showed the richness of W. frutescens extract in interesting phytochemical compounds majorly constituted of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-(C10H16). Regarding acute toxicity study, the results showed no clinical symptoms occurred in treated mice compared to the control group and no histological changes detected in analyzed organs of treated mice with dose put to 2000 mg/kg nor adverse effect on biochemical parameters. Conclusion. The outcome of this work showed no toxic effect of W. frutescens in mice up to dose 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. Therefore, this study could scientifically validate further traditional use with safety in the range of tested doses.

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Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Methanol Extract of Syzygium guineense Leaves on the Histology of the Liver and Kidney and Biochemical Compositions of Blood in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/5702159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Million Loha ◽

Abay Mulu ◽

Solomon M. Abay ◽

Wondwossen Ergete ◽

Bekesho Geleta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Gross Pathology ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Syzygium Guineense

Plant medicine is the oldest form of health care known to mankind. Syzygium guineense is one of the many species of Ethiopian medicinal plants which has a long history of use as remedies for various ailments such as dysentery, diarrhea, and hypertension. In many countries, herbal medicines and related products are introduced into the market without safety or toxicological evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological effect of 80% methanol extract of S. guineense on liver and kidney and blood parameters of rats. For acute toxicity study, rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=4). The control group received distilled water, while the experimental groups received a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg 80% methanolic extract of S. guineense leaves per oral. For subacute toxicity study, the rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). The control group received distilled water, while the experimental groups received 500 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg 80% methanol extract of S. guineense leaves orally for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for hematology and clinical chemistry evaluations. Gross pathology and histopathology of liver and kidneys were assessed. In the acute toxicity study, rats treated with 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg showed no toxicological signs observed on behavior, gross pathology, and body weight of rats. In the subacute toxicity study rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters, whereas both experimental groups had a lower blood glucose level compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the gross and histopathology of the liver and kidneys of experimental animals in extract exposed groups and their counterpart control. The 80% methanol extract of S. guineense does not produce adverse effects in rats after acute and subacute treatment. Before marketing a S. guineense leaf based remedy, subchronic and chronic toxicity evaluations need to be done.

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Histological Changes in Renal, Hepatic and Cardiac Tissues of Wistar Rats after 6 Weeks Treatment with Bipyridine Gold (III) Complex with Dithiocarbamate Ligands

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13101530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1530

Author(s):

Ahmed Badar ◽

Ayesha Ahmed ◽

Dalal M. Al-Tamimi ◽

Anvarhusein A. Isab ◽

Muhammad Altaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Cardiac Muscle ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Cardiac Muscle Fibers

Bipyridine gold (III) dithiocarbamate compounds are Gold-III complexes with promising cytotoxic properties. In this study, the subacute toxicity of a Gold (III) complex with dithiocarbamate ligand was evaluated. In the acute toxicity component, an initial LD50 (38.46 mg/kg) was calculated by the administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of the compound to five groups of rats, respectively (n = 4 each). The sixth group was the control. The sub-acute toxicity component comprised the control group A (n = 6) and the study groups B (n = 10) and C (n = 4), which were administered 1 mL distilled water, 1/10 LD50 (3.8 mg/kg), and 1/5 LD50 (7.6 mg/kg), respectively, daily for 6 weeks. The alive animals were then sacrificed. Autopsy; preservation of renal, hepatic and cardiac tissue in buffered formalin; histopathological processing; microscopic evaluation; and comparison with the controls were sequentially conducted. In the subacute toxicity study at dosages of 3.8 mg/kg and 7.6 mg/kg, the renal tubules remained unaffected with no necrosis or vacuolization. Mild to moderate renal interstitial, hepatic capsular, lobular and portal inflammation along with mild focal hepatic vacuolization were present. At 3.8 mg/kg, the cardiac muscle fibers were unremarkable in 80% (n = 8) of the specimens, with mild focal hyalinization in 20% (n = 2) of the specimens. The same was observed in 50% (n = 2) of the specimens at 7.6 mg/kg. Variable congestion was evident in all of the groups. In the subacute toxicity study, the absence of renal tubular necrosis or vacuolization, the presence of mild inflammatory hepatic and renal alterations, and predominantly unremarkable cardiac muscle fibers suggest that Bipyridine gold (III)-dithiocarbamate is safe in animal studies and is a potential candidate for clinical trials.

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Acute and subacute toxicity of Ammi visnaga on rats

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/intox-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽

Mahmoud S. Arbid ◽

Marwa A. El-Attar

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Tap Water ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Ammi Visnaga ◽

Group I ◽

Group 3

Abstract Ammi visnaga (Av) is a source of khellin where a tea made from the fruit of this plant was used as herbal medicine for kidney stones in Egypt. In the present research, the acute and subacute toxicity studies with oral intake of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of Av seed ethanolic extract in rats were done. In acute toxicity test, 4 groups of rats (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) were chosen and the first control group received tap water, while the other three groups received Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, 72 rats (36 males and 36 females) were divided into 4 major groups; group I received tap water (control group), while animals in groups II, III, and IV (test groups) received oral intake of Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt, respectively. Each of this major group was subdivided consequently into 3 subgroups (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) where brain tissue, blood sample, body and organs weights were recorded at the beginning and then after two and four weeks of the experiment for the determination of hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary). With regard to acute toxicity, Av seed ethanolic extract did not induce any toxic effects or death or any organ toxicity. In subacute toxicity study; oral intake with Av seed ethanolic extract did not reveal any change in body and organs weights, hematological parameters, serum glucose and cholesterol, brain neurotransmitters, liver and kidney functions, male and female hormones. In conclusion, Av seed ethanolic extract is nontoxic to liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary.

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Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L). Fruit Extract

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab037_065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 355-355

Author(s):

Gizem Ozan ◽

Alev Cumbul ◽

Engin Sümer ◽

Dilara Baban ◽

Ahmet Aydın ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

High Dose ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Viburnum Opulus ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Subacute Toxicity

Abstract Objectives The intake of the high dose of polyphenols might cause adverse health effects on humans, in such cases, toxicological testing may be required to ensure safe levels of intake. In the present study, acute and subacute oral toxicity studies of polyphenol-rich European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) (ECB) fruit extract were evaluated to ensure the safe use of this extract. Methods In acute toxicity, freshly prepared ECB extract dissolved in distilled water was administrated to Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and signs of toxicity and mortality was observed. In subacute toxicity, Balb-c mice were administrated orally at 500 (low dose) and 2000 mg/kg (high dose) of ECB extract for 28 days and their mortality, clinical signs and, body weight were recorded on a daily and weekly basis, respectively. At the end of 28 days, while blood samples from each animal were taken for hematological and biochemical analysis, vital organs were taken for histopathological examination. Results In acute toxicity study, ECB extract showed no toxicological signs observed on behavioral change and body weight of rats after 14 days indicating that the lethal dose (LD50) of the ECB fruit extract might be higher than 2000 mg/kg. No death and no abnormal clinical signs were also recorded in subacute toxicity study. However, the increment in body weight of administrated high dose of ECB extract animals were significantly lower than control (P > 0.05). High dose of ECB fruit extract induced the level of in some hematological parameters. Even amylase and lipase values were lower than normal ranges at high dose animals, other biochemical parameters results were not significantly different from the controls. In histopathological examination, the total histopathological scores ECB extract administrated mice at both doses were showed normal histological features in many tissues compared to control. However, administrated with a high dose of ECB extract showed significant changes in kidney, liver, and adipose tissue that were alterations (edema, infiltration, and bleeding) compared to control. Conclusions These findings indicated that polyphenol-rich ECB extract might show a toxic effect at a high dose (2000 mg/kg) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ECB extract was 500 mg/kg ECB fruit juice. Funding Sources This study was supported by Yeditepe University.

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Acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae) leaves in rats

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2018.7403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 366-372

Author(s):

Affy Mataphouet Emmanuel ◽

◽

Kouakou Koffi Roger ◽

Douhoure Gnaore Toussaint ◽

Kouakou Koffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

The Family

Amaranthus viridis is a plant of the family Amaranthaceae, used by traditional medicine in the treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological activities of A. viridis. To assess these activities, two types of test were performed: Acute and subacute toxicity test. Phytochemical analysis performed on the aqueous extract of A. viridis revealed the presence of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins, sterolpolyterpenes, Saponosids, cardiac glycosides, traces of alkaloids and leucoanthocyanines. The aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis showed no evidence of single dose toxicity (2000 mg/kg) when studying acute toxicity. The subacute toxicity study of the aqueous extract of A. viridis at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg showed no signs of toxicity on biochemical, hematological or histological parameters. The results showed that A. viridis does not cause toxicity at the doses studied

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