Profiling of Volatile Compounds and Associated Gene Expression in Two Anthurium Cultivars and Their F1 Hybrid Progenies

Anthurium is an important ornamental crop in the world market and its floral scent can enhance its ornamental value. To date, studies of the components and formation mechanism of the floral scent of Anthurium are relatively few. In this study, the scent profiles of two Anthurium varieties were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). There were 32 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in Anthurium ‘Mystral’, and the most abundant compound was eucalyptol (57.5%). Extremely small amounts of VOCs were detected in Anthurium ‘Alabama’. Compared with A. ‘Alabama’, most genes related to floral scent synthesis exhibited a higher expression in A.‘Mystral’, including AaDXS, AaDXR, AaMDS, AaHDS, AaTPS, AaDAHPS, AaADT2, AaPAL1, and AaPAL2. In order to produce new varieties of Anthurium with fragrance, 454 progenies of two crossbred combinations of A. ‘Mystral’ and A. ‘Alabama’ were obtained. Four F1 generation plants with different floral scent intensities were selected for further study. The major components of floral scent in the progenies were similar to that of the parental A.‘Mystral’ plant. The expression patterns of genes related to floral scent synthesis were consistent with the relative contents of different types of VOCs. This study revealed the profiles of volatile compounds and associated gene expression in two Anthurium cultivars and their F1 hybrids, which provided a basis for the floral scent inheritance of Anthurium andraeanum.

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Genome-wide investigation of WRKY transcription factors in sweet osmanthus and their potential regulation of aroma synthesis

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpz129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 557-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenjie Ding ◽

Qixia Ouyang ◽

Yuli Li ◽

Tingting Shi ◽

Ling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Floral Scent ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Wrky Transcription Factors ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Zinc Cluster ◽

Terpene Synthesis

Abstract WRKY transcription factors, one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), the monoterpenes have been demonstrated as the most important volatile compounds, and the W-box, which is the cognate binding site of WRKY transcription factors, could be identified in most of the terpene-synthesis-related genes’ promoters. However, the role of the WRKY family in terpene synthesis in sweet osmanthus has rarely been examined. In this study, 154 WRKY genes with conserved WRKY domain were identified and classified into three groups. The group II was further divided into five subgroups, and almost all members of IId contained a plant zinc cluster domain. Eight OfWRKYs (OfWRKY7/19/36/38/42/84/95/139) were screened from 20 OfWRKYs for their flower-specific expression patterns in different tissues. Simultaneously, the expression patterns of OfWRKYs and emission patterns of volatile compounds during the flowering process were determined and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that monoterpenes, such as linalool and ocimene, accounted for the highest proportion, contributing to the floral scent of sweet osmanthus in two cultivars. In addition, correlation analysis revealed the expression patterns of OfWRKYs (OfWRKY7/19/36/139) were each correlated with distinct monoterpenes (linalool, linalool derivatives, ocimene and ocimene derivatives). Subcellular localization analysis showed that p35S::GFP–OfWRKY7/38/95/139 were localized in the nucleus and OfWRKY139 had very strong transactivation activity. Collectively, the results indicated potential roles of OfWRKY139 and OfWRKYs with plant zinc cluster domain in regulating synthesis of aromatic compounds in sweet osmanthus, laying the foundation for use of OfWRKYs to improve the aroma of ornamental plants.

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Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1553

Author(s):

Shuaishuai Feng ◽

Chengtai Yan ◽

Tianhao Zhang ◽

Miaomiao Ji ◽

Ru Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Aroma Compound ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Apple Cultivars

Aromatic volatile compounds are important contributors to fruit quality that vary among different cultivars. Herein, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine changes in volatile compounds and related gene expression patterns in “Ruixue” and “Fuji” apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during fruit development and maturation. Volatile compounds detected in the fruit of both cultivars exhibited similar trends across different developmental stages. In the early stages of “Ruixue” fruit development (60 days after full bloom), there were fewer volatile compounds, mainly aldehydes (87.0%). During fruit maturation (180 days after full bloom), the types and amounts of volatile compounds increased, mainly including esters (37.6%), and alkenes (23.2%). The total volatile concentration, the types of major volatile compounds, and their relative content in both cultivars varied across different stages. Gene expression analysis indicated that the upregulation of MdLOX, MdAAT2, and MdADH3 was associated with increased aroma compound content, especially esters, during fruit development in both cultivars. Changes in the expression of MdArAT, MdACPD, MdADH3, MdAAT2, and MdLOX may lead to differences in volatile compounds between apple cultivars.

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Cis-regulatory divergence underpins the evolution of C3-C4 intermediate photosynthesis in Moricandia

10.1101/2021.05.10.443365 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meng-Ying Lin ◽

Urte Schlueter ◽

Benjamin Stich ◽

Andreas P.M. Weber

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

C4 Photosynthesis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Transcript Level ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Promoter Regions ◽

Specific Gene Expression ◽

The Impact

Altered transcript abundances and cell specific gene expression patterns that are caused by regulatory divergence play an important role in the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. How these altered gene expression patterns are achieved and whether they are driven by cis- or trans-regulatory changes is mostly unknown. To address this question, we investigated the regulatory divergence between C3 and C3-C4 intermediates, using allele specific gene expression (ASE) analyses of Moricandia arvensis (C3-C4), M. moricandioides (C3) and their interspecific F1 hybrids. ASE analysis on SNP-level showed similar relative proportions of regulatory effects among hybrids: 36% and 6% of SNPs were controlled by cis-only and trans-only changes, respectively. GO terms associated with metabolic processes and the positioning of chloroplast in cells were abundant in transcripts with cis-SNPs shared by all studied hybrids. Transcripts with cis-specificity expressed bias toward the allele from the C3-C4 intermediate genotype. Additionally, ASE evaluated on transcript-level indicated that ~27% of transcripts show signals of ASE in Moricandia hybrids. Promoter-GUS assays on selected genes revealed altered spatial gene expression patterns, which likely result from regulatory divergence in their promoter regions. Assessing ASE in Moricandia interspecific hybrids contributes to the understanding of early evolutionary steps towards C4 photosynthesis and highlights the impact and importance of altered transcriptional regulations in this process.

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Proteomic analysis of F1 hybrids and intermediate variants in a littorina saxatilis hybrid zone

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/cz/zoab054 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angel P Diz ◽

Mónica R Romero ◽

Juan Galindo ◽

María Saura ◽

David O F Skibinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Hybrid Zone ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Hybrid Zones ◽

Littorina Saxatilis ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Analytical Approaches ◽

Lower Expression

Abstract Proteomic analysis was carried out on the Crab (upper-shore) and Wave (lower-shore) ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis from a hybrid zone at Silleiro Cape, Spain. Proteome profiles of individual snails were obtained. Protein expression in F1 hybrid snails bred in the laboratory and snails with intermediate shell phenotypes collected from the mid-shore were compared with Crab and Wave ecotypes using analytical approaches used to study dominance. Multivariate analysis over many protein spots showed that the F1 snails are distinct from both ecotypes but closer to the Wave ecotype. The intermediate snails are highly variable, some closer to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype. Considered on a protein by protein basis, some proteins are significantly closer in expression to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype for both F1 and intermediate snails. Furthermore, a significant majority of proteins were closer in expression to the Wave ecotype for the F1, consistent with the multivariate analysis. No such significant majority towards either the Crab or Wave ecotype was observed for the intermediate snails. The closer similarity of F1 and Wave ecotype expression patterns could be the result of similar selective pressures in the similar mid-shore and low-shore environments. For a significantly larger number of proteins intermediate snails were closer in expression to the ecotype having the lower expression, for both Crab and Wave ecotypes. This is somewhat unexpected as lower expression might be expected to be an indication of impairment of function and lower fitness. Proteomic analysis could be important for the identification of candidate proteins useful for gaining improved understanding of adaptation and barriers to gene flow in hybrid zones.

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Extensive transgressive gene expression in a homoploid hybrid species

10.1101/2021.04.15.440043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Homa Papoli Yazdi ◽

Melissah Rowe ◽

Mark Ravinet ◽

Glenn-Peter Sætre ◽

Caroline Øien Guldvog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Parent Species ◽

Hybrid Species ◽

Homoploid Hybrid ◽

Open Question ◽

Novel Variation

Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary force contributing novel variation for selection to act on. While mis-expression in F1 hybrids is well documented, how gene expression evolves in stabilized hybrid taxa and contributes novel variation remains an open question, especially for hybrid species without an increase in ploidy. As gene expression evolves in a stabilizing manner, break-up of co-evolved cis- and trans-regulatory elements could lead to transgressive patterns of gene expression in hybrids. Here, we address to what extent gonad gene expression has evolved in an old homoploid hybrid, Italian sparrow, Passer italiae. Through comparing the gene expression of parental species and F1 hybrids to that of the Italian sparrow, we find evidence for strongly transgressive expression in the Italian sparrow, with 22% of the testis genes exhibiting expression patterns outside the range of both parent species, compared to only 0.37% in the F1s. In contrast, Italian sparrow ovary expression was similar to that of one parent species, the house sparrow (P. domesticus). Moreover, the Italian sparrow testis transcriptome is 26.2 -26.6 times as diverged from those of the parent species compared to how divergent their transcriptomes are in spite of it being genetically intermediate. This highlights the potential for regulation of gene expression to produce novel variation following hybridization. Genes involved in energy production and protein synthesis are enriched in the subset that is over-dominantly expressed in Italian sparrow testis, suggesting that selection on key functions have molded the hybrid transcriptome.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Interspecific Hybrid betweenBrassica napusandB. rapaReveals Heterosis for Oil Rape Improvement

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2015/230985 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jinfang Zhang ◽

Guangrong Li ◽

Haojie Li ◽

Xiaobin Pu ◽

Jun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Multiple Gene ◽

Three Samples ◽

Expression Bias ◽

Aa Genome ◽

Action Modes

The hybrid betweenBrassica napusandB. rapadisplays obvious heterosis in both growth performance and stress tolerances. A comparative transcriptome analysis forB. napus(AnAnCCgenome),B. rapa(ArArgenome), and its hybrid F1 (AnArCgenome) was carried out to reveal the possible molecular mechanisms of heterosis at the gene expression level. A total of 40,320 nonredundant unigenes were identified usingB. rapa(AA genome) andB. oleracea(CC genome) as reference genomes. A total of 6,816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped in the A and C genomes with 4,946 DEGs displayed nonadditively by comparing the gene expression patterns among the three samples. The coexistence of nonadditive DEGs including high-parent dominance, low-parent dominance, overdominance, and underdominance was observed in the gene action modes of F1 hybrid, which were potentially related to the heterosis. The coexistence of multiple gene actions in the hybrid was observed and provided a list of candidate genes and pathways for heterosis. The expression bias of transposable element-associated genes was also observed in the hybrid compared to their parents. The present study could be helpful for the better understanding of the determination and regulation of mechanisms of heterosis to aidBrassicaimprovement.

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Transcriptome analysis reveals hybridization-induced genome shock in an interspecific F1 hybrid from Camellia

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2017-0105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (7) ◽

pp. 477-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Xin-Kai Liu ◽

Wen Fan ◽

Dan-Feng Yan ◽

Nai-Sheng Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Histone Methylation ◽

Flower Development ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Genome Stability ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Rna Seq ◽

F1 Hybrid

The combination of two divergent genomes during hybridization can result in “genome shock”. Although genome shock has been reported in the hybrids of some herbaceous plants, the pattern and the principle it follows are far from understood, especially in woody plants. Here, the gene expression patterns were remodeled in the F1 hybrid from the crossing of Camellia azalea × Camellia amplexicaulis compared with the parents as revealed by RNA-seq. About 54.5% of all unigenes were differentially expressed between the F1 hybrid and at least one of the parents, including 6404 unigenes with the highest expression level in the F1 hybrid. A series of genes, related to flower development, essential for RNA-directed DNA methylation and histone methylation, as well as 223 transposable elements, were enriched; and most of them exhibited a higher level of expression in the F1 hybrid. These results indicated that the genome shock induced by interspecific hybridization in Camellia could indeed result in changes of gene expression patterns, potentially through regulating DNA methylation and histone methylation which may be helpful for the maintaining of genome stability and even related to the unique phenotype of the F1 hybrid.

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