Chlorine-Functional Silsesquioxanes (POSS-Cl) as Effective Flame Retardants and Reinforcing Additives for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

The subject of the research was the production of silsesquioxane modified rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams (POSS-Cl) with chlorine functional groups (chlorobenzyl, chloropropyl, chlorobenzylethyl) characterized by reduced flammability. The foams were prepared in a one-step additive polymerization reaction of isocyanates with polyols, and the POSS modifier was added to the reaction system in an amount of 2 wt.% polyol. The influence of POSS was analyzed by performing a series of tests, such as determination of the kinetics of foam growth, determination of apparent density, and structure analysis. Compressive strength, three-point bending strength, hardness, and shape stability at reduced and elevated temperatures were tested, and the hydrophobicity of the surface was determined. The most important measurement was the determination of the thermal stability (TGA) and the flammability of the modified systems using a cone calorimeter. The obtained results, after comparing with the results for unmodified foam, showed a large influence of POSS modifiers on the functional properties, especially thermal and fire-retardant, of the obtained PUR-POSS-Cl systems.

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Experimental investigation on SFRC behaviour under elevated temperature

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering ◽

10.1108/jsfe-05-2017-0034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 287-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vadims Goremikins ◽

Lukas Blesak ◽

Josef Novak ◽

Frantisek Wald

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Testing Procedure ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Content Type ◽

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽

Ultimate Bending Strength

Purpose This work aims to present an experimental study of steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) subjected to high temperature, especially focusing on residual behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Compressive strength and split tensile strength of SFRC cubes and ultimate bending strength of prisms were evaluated under ambient and elevated temperatures. The specimens were heated by ceramic heaters and then repacked for testing. Findings The results showed that a compressive strength of SFRC is reduced by 38 and 66 per cent, tensile strength is reduced by 25 and 59 per cent and ultimate bending force is reduced by 33 and 56 per cent in case of 400°C and 600°C, respectively, comparing with ambient temperature. Originality value The developed testing procedure could be used for determination of material properties of SFRC under elevated temperatures.

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Affect of Brominated Flame Retardant on the Flexible Polyurethane Foam

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.511 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 511-514

Author(s):

Ying Jie Chen ◽

Liu Zhi Peng ◽

Pei Gang Dai ◽

Dan Lin Li ◽

Li Jie Wu

Keyword(s):

Cone Calorimeter ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Sample Thickness ◽

Brominated Flame Retardant ◽

Step Method ◽

One Step ◽

Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽

Flexible Polyurethane

Different flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) were prepared with one step method. Combustion performance of them were tested throughout oxygen index (OI), cone calorimeter (Cone). The results showed that flame performance prepared by 10% wt brominated flame retardants, and 10% wt MPOP was better. In irradiance 30kW/m2, sample thickness 50mm conditions, heat release rate peak seprarately decreased to 284.0 kW /m2 and 270.8 kW /m2. In the coordination of N and P, the FPUF adding MPOP showed ideal flame retardancy .It is worth noting that when the content of MPOP exceeds 10%, the physical performance decreased rapidly with the increases of brittleness and hardness.

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DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS OF THERMODESTRUCTION AND GROUPS OF FIREPROOF EFFICIENCY OF PINE WOOD, MODIFIED BY BORON NITROGEN FLAME RETARDANT

Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after V G Shukhov ◽

10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-1-70-77 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

I. Kotlyarova ◽

I. Stepina

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Protection Efficiency ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Entropy Factor ◽

Boron Nitrogen

Wood is a combustible material. To reduce combustibility, wood is modified with functional compounds of phosphorus, boron and nitrogen, inoculation of which changes the chemical composition of the surface layer of wood and its structure. The mechanism of action of flame retardants is related to their influence on the energy and entropy characteristics of the thermodestruction process. Considering that boron nitrogen compounds are effective flame retardants and react with wood components under “mild” conditions, the effect of grafting of a borax modifier on the kinetic parameters of wood thermal decomposition is studied. The kinetic parameters (activation energy and preexponent value) are determined by thermal analysis using TGA curves (integral method). A 50 % aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (N→B) trihydroxyborate is used as a modifier; samples of unmodified pine wood are used as controls. The experimental data obtained indicate that the surface modification of pine wood with boron nitrogen fire retardant provides the material with group II fire protection efficiency (modifier consumption-150g/m2). The flame retardant effect of the boron nitrogen modifier is associated with a lower value of the activation energy of its thermal destruction process. The contribution of the entropy factor in reducing the combustibility of modified wood is less expressed. The use of monoethanolamine (N→B) trihydroxyborate as a wood flame retardant is advisable in an oxidizing atmosphere.

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Bending Strength and Fracture Investigations of Cu Based Composite Materials Strengthened with δ-Alumina Fibres

Archives of Foundry Engineering ◽

10.2478/afe-2013-0037 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J.W. Kaczmar ◽

K. Granat ◽

K. Naplocha ◽

A. Kurzawa ◽

E. Grodzka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Copper Matrix ◽

Casting Method ◽

Bending Tests ◽

Three Point Bending ◽

Infiltration Pressure ◽

The Matrix ◽

Fibre Matrix

Abstract Bending strength, thermal and electric conductivity and microstructure examinations of Cu based composite materials reinforced with Saffil alumina fibres are presented. Materials were produced by squeeze casting method applying the designed device and specially elaborated production parameters. Applying infiltration pressure of 90MPa and suitable temperature parameters provided manufacturing of copper based composite materials strengthened with Saffil alumina fibres characterized by the low rest porosity and good fibre-matrix interface. Three point bending tests at temperatures of 25, 100 and 300ºC were performed on specimens reinforced with 10, 15 and 20% of Saffil fibres. Introduced reinforcement effected on the relatively high bending strengths at elevated temperatures. In relation to unreinforced Cu casting strength of composite material Cu - 15vol.% Saffil fibres increase by about 25%, whereas at the highest applied test temperature of 300oC the improvement was almost 100%. Fibres by strengthening of the copper matrix and by transferring loads from the matrix reduce its plastic deformation and hinder the micro-crack developed during bending tests. Decreasing of thermal and electrical conductivity of Cu after incorporating fibres in the matrix are relatively small and these properties can be acceptable for electric and thermal applications.

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RESEARCH OF TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON CONTAINING ANTIPYRENS FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF WATER-DISPERSION COATINGS

Technical science and innovation ◽

10.51346/tstu-01.19.3.-77-0035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (3) ◽

pp. 84-92

Author(s):

M Kurbanova ◽

◽

D Khamidova ◽

A Tillaev ◽

A Lityaga

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Aqueous Dispersion ◽

Test Method ◽

Modern World ◽

Water Dispersion ◽

Household Products ◽

The Republic

In the modern world, widely used water-borne paints and varnishes form coatings with high resistance to the action of water and chemicals, good electrical insulation, physico-mechanical and decorative properties. Everyone knows they are used for painting radio and electrical products, in the automotive industry, agricultural machinery, in the production of household products and residential buildings.The article discusses the technical justification of research results for the practical use of silicon-containing flame retardants in the production technology of fire-retardant water-dispersion paint. The regulations and an effective technological scheme for the production of AP-1 silicon-containing oligomeric flame retardant and the technology for producing fire-retardant water-dispersion paint coating have been developed.The test method for modified fire-retardant water-dispersion coatings based on polyacrylic dispersion was carried out according to standard methods "Determination of the combustibility of fire retardants for wood" in accordance with GOST 16363-98, which includes methods for determining the combustibility, flammability of coatings, obtained in collaboration with Laboratory Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Uzbekistan.Based on the data presented, based on the results of studies on the modification of the properties of fire-retardant water-dispersion coatings with silicon-containing oligomeric flame retardants, new fire-resistant water-dispersion coatings with high physicomechanical, heat-resistant, and operational properties have been developed.The developed technological regulations and the condition for obtaining coatings by the modified proposed flame retardants proposed by the authors apply to the production of fire-retardant water-dispersion paints, which are a suspension of pigments and fillers in an aqueous dispersion of synthetic polymers with the addition of AP-4 flame retardant and various auxiliary substances according to TU 6.12-78- 2000 , TU 6.12-28-96, produced by mixing components in mixers and dispersing pastes in bead mills.

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