scholarly journals Humic Acid Improves Zn Fertilization in Oxisols Successively Cultivated with Maize–Brachiaria

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4588
Author(s):  
Everton Geraldo de Morais ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
Keiji Jindo
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Combined Use

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and Zn deficiency is a global issue, especially in tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) and the Zn addition (Zn sulfate + HA) on the growth of maize and brachiaria in two contrasting Oxisols. The potential complexation of Zn sulfate by HA was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Zinc content and its availability in solution and the shoot and root biomass of maize and brachiaria were determined. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the complexation of Zn sulfate by HA through its S and C functional groups. In both Oxisols, solution Zn increased due to the combined use of Zn and HA. In a soil type-dependent manner, maize biomass and Zn in its shoots were affected only by the exclusive use of Zn fertilization. In the Yellow Oxisol, brachiaria growth and Zn accumulated in its shoot were positively affected by the combined use of Zn fertilization with HA. In the Oxisol with lower organic matter content, HA can assure adequate supplying of residual Zn, while increasing growth of brachiaria cultivated in sequence to maize.

scholarly journals The status of phosphorus and other fertility parameters in soils of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Gustavo A. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

There is a need to quantitatively assess the soil fertility status of tropical soils. Descriptive summaries help describe the effectiveness of liming programs, nutritional limitation in soils and the relative risk of off-field nutrient transport. A database of 1,168 soil test results collected from 1989 to 1999 from nearly 400 cultivated farms in Puerto Rico was used. Samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter (Walkley-Black method), extractable phosphorus (P) (Olsen and Bray 1), and exchangeable bases (NH4Oac method) by a commercial laboratory. Thirty-six percent of the samples had acidity problems (pH <5.5). Twenty-three percent of the samples had low organic matter content (<20 g/kg), and 16% had high category (>40 g/kg) values. Fifty-three and 56% of the samples showed a need to fertilize with magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K), respectively, because they had values below the suggested critical levels of 2.5 cmolc/kg for soil exchangeable Mg and of 0.4 cmolc/kg for K. On the basis of current soil fertility criteria, P fertilization would be required in 69% of the samples with pH less than 7.3, but only in 28% of the samples with pH greater than or equal to 7.3. Although the soils grouped with pH >7.3 had a greater proportion of samples in the "extremely high" soil test P category, the potential environmental impact may be lessened because the climatic and topographic conditions where these soils occur favor less runoff. Follow-up studies are needed to assess the spatial variability and the temporal dynamics of the nutritional status of soils of Puerto Rico. 

scholarly journals Microbiological and faunal soil attributes of coffee cultivation under different management systems in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lammel ◽  
L. C. B. Azevedo ◽  
A. M. Paula ◽  
R. D. Armas ◽  
D. Baretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Biological Parameters

Abstract Brazil is the biggest coffee producer in the world and different plantation management systems have been applied to improve sustainability and soil quality. Little is known about the environmental effects of these different management systems, therefore, the goal of this study was to use soil biological parameters as indicators of changes. Soils from plantations in Southeastern Brazil with conventional (CC), organic (OC) and integrated management systems containing intercropping of Brachiaria decumbens (IB) or Arachis pintoi (IA) were sampled. Total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), microbial activity (C-CO2), metabolic quotient (qCO2), the enzymes dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and number of spores and soil fauna were evaluated. The greatest difference between the management systems was seen in soil organic matter content. The largest quantity of TOC was found in the OC, and the smallest was found in IA. TOC content influenced soil biological parameters. The use of all combined attributes was necessary to distinguish the four systems. Each management presented distinct faunal structure, and the data obtained with the trap method was more reliable than the TSBF (Tropical Soils) method. A canonic correlation analysis showed that Isopoda was correlated with TOC and the most abundant order with OC. Isoptera was the most abundant faunal order in IA and correlated with MBC. Overall, OC had higher values for most of the biological measurements and higher populations of Oligochaeta and Isopoda, corroborating with the concept that the OC is a more sustainable system.

Mobility of metsulfuron-methyl in tropical soils

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Ismail ◽  
K. Kalithasan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Rainfall Total

The mobility of metsulfuron-methyl in 5 soil series with different organic contents was determined in a greenhouse as well as under natural conditions. In these studies, the movement and biological activity of metsulfuron-methyl were determined by the bioassay method using long bean as a bioassay species. Bioactivity and movement of the herbicide down the soil profile were inversely related to the organic matter content of the soil. Phytotoxic levels of metsulfuron-methyl were restricted to the 10-cm depth of the column containing Selangor Series soil except when it received 40 mL of water daily (depth, 10–15 cm). In Munchung Series, the phytotoxic level was also mainly in the 5–10 cm layer. However, when the column received 40 mL daily or every 4 days, the residue was detected in 15–20 cm and 10–15 cm zones, respectively. The phytotoxic level moved downward to the 20–25 cm layer both in Sogomana and Holyrood Series when 40 mL of water was given daily. A phytotoxic level of metsulfuron herbicide was detected in the 20–25 cm layer when the soil column containing Serdang Series was leached with 40 mL of water every 4 days or with 20 mL daily; the phytotoxic level was detected at a depth of 25–30 cm when this soil was watered daily with 40 mL. The downward movement of metsulfuron under natural conditions showed a pattern similar to that found under simulated conditions. Phytotoxic effects of the residue could be detected in the 25–30 cm and 15–20 cm zone of Serdang and Holyrood Series, respectively, after exposure to 20 days of rainfall (total 111·9 mm). Phytotoxic residue in both Sogomana and Munchung Series soil was detected in the 10–15 cm layer, and in the 5–10 cm layer for Selangor Series soil, after exposure to 20 days of rainfall. After exposure to 40 days of rainfall (total 152·8 mm) under natural conditions, the residue could be detected in the 15–20 cm layer of Selangor Series. The phytotoxic level moved deeper in soil with low organic matter after exposure to 40 days of rainfall. Fresh weight reduction was greater in the 20–30 cm layer in Serdang Series than in the top layer.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Mapping of Available Micro Nutrient Status in Relation to Soil Properties of Tomato Grown Soils of Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
P. N. Siva Prasad ◽  
C. T. Subbarayappa ◽  
A. Sathish
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Nutrient Index ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

GPS based soil survey was conducted in the tomato growing areas of Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka to map the soil fertility status by using Arc GIS 10.4 software. Seventy five surface soil samples were taken from the tomato growing areas of the district and analysed for texture, pH, EC, OC and micronutrients (Zn, CU, Fe, Mn, B) and zinc content in plant samples. The results revealed that the soils under investigation were acidic to alkaline in reaction, non saline, medium to high in organic matter content. All the studied soils were sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture. DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and HWS-B varied from 0.07 - 6.87, 0.41-4.59, 2.08-28.92, 1.37-27.08 and 0.24-2.13 mg kg-1 respectively. Plant zinc ranges from 14 - 98 mg kg-1 inferring low to high in zinc concentration. The nutrient index was calculated for all the micronutrients and it is found to be medium. Among the micronutrients 48, 21.33 and 30.67 per cent samples were categorized as low, medium and high in available zinc status. These results indicated that Zn is likely to constraint tomato crop production in Chikkaballapura.

scholarly journals Nickel adsorption and desorption in an acric oxisol as a function of pH, ionic strength and incubation time

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estêvão Vicari Mellis ◽  
José Carlos Casagrande ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

ABSTRACT Although nickel (Ni) has both important potential benefits and toxic effects in the environment, its behavior in tropical soils has not been well studied. Nickel adsorption-desorption in topsoil and subsoil samples of an acric Oxisol was studied at three pH values (from 3.0 to 8.0). Adsorption-desorption isotherms were elaborated from experiments with increasing Ni concentration (5 to 100 mg L-1), during 0, 4, and 12 weeks, using CaCl2 0.01 and 0.1 M as electrolytic support in order to also verify the effect of Ni-soil time contact and of ionic strength on the reaction. Experimental results of Ni adsorption fitted Langmuir model, which indicated that maximum Ni adsorption (71,440 mg kg-1) occurred at subsoil, after 12 weeks. Nickel affinity (KL) was also greater at subsoil (1.0 L kg-1). The Ni adsorption in the topsoil samples was higher, due to its lower point of zero salt effect (PZSE) and higher organic matter content. The increase in soil pH resulted in the increase of Ni adsorption. Nickel desorbed less from soil samples incubated for 4 or 12 weeks, suggesting that Ni interactions with colloidal particles increase over time. The amount of Ni desorbed increased with increasing ionic strength in both the topsoil and subsoil soil samples. Finally, adsorption-desorption hysteresis was clearly observed. Soil pH, ionic strength of soil solution and the Ni-soil contact time should be considered as criteria for selecting the areas for disposal of residues containing Ni or to compose remediation strategies for acric soils contaminated with Ni.

Adsorption of Chloridazon by Soils and their Components

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
Maria Sáanchez-Camazano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Natural Soils

The effect of soil composition on adsorption of chloridazon by 18 samples of natural soils, with different chemical and textural characteristics, obtained from west-central Spain, was investigated. The effect of removal of organic matter on adsorption and adsorption of the herbicide by the active components of the soils (montmorillonite and humic acid) was also studied. A highly significant correlation was found between the distribution coefficient (Kd) and organic matter content when all the soils or the soils with organic matter content >2% were considered. According to the determination coefficients (r2), organic matter content accounted for 72% of the variance in adsorption in the former case and 92% in the latter. In soils with an organic matter content <2%, there was no correlation between Kd and organic matter content. A significant correlation was observed between Kd and smectite content for soils containing smectite in their clay fraction. Both simple and multiple correlations showed that clay content, excluding the smectite fraction, had a relatively small effect on adsorption of the herbicide. Adsorption of chloridazon by oxidized soils, montmorillonite, and humic acid confirms the effect of organic matter and smectite on adsorption in natural soils.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Humic Acid and Trichoderma sp. for Planting Media with Oil Palm Empty Bunches in Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Dwi Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Growing Medium

<em>Pakcoy is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of humic acid and Trichoderma sp. by utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste as a growing medium for Pakcoy growth. The research method used was a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor is humic acid (AH) with three levels: AH1 = 1 g, AH2 = 2 g, AH3 = 3 g. The second factor is Trichoderma sp. (T) with three levels; T1 = 50 ml, T2 = 100 ml, T3 = 150 ml. In this study it was concluded, the best treatment was found in the application of humic acid with a dose of 1 g on the parameters of observation of leaf length, leaf width, plant height, wet weight, and plant dry weight. The use of Trichoderma sp. in this study, does not affect all parameters observation. The results of the analysis of the planting medium showed that the pH was slightly acidic conditions 5.67 - 6.33. The organic matter content contained in the growing media ranged from 1.20 to 2.62%, and the total N-total contained in the growing medium ranged from 0.10 to 0.18. In-plant tissue analysis shows that the N-total found in plant tissue ranges from 4.62 - 5.23.</em>

scholarly journals Evaluation of agrochemicals and bioinputs for sustainable bean management on the Caribbean coast of Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslenis Melo R. ◽  
Pedro Ariza ◽  
Sofía Lissbrant ◽  
Adriana Tofiño
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Population Counts

The sustainable expansion of bean cultivations requires technologies that do not limit their phyto-recovering properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose agronomic management of conservation for bean cultivation considering the microbiological characteristics of two mega-environments of the Colombian Caribbean coast and the compatibility between agrochemicals and bioinputs. The methodology included rhizospheric microbe population counts, identification of phytopathogenic fungi in plant tissues and soils, compatibility studies of pesticides with biocontrollers, and determination of residual contents of pesticides in bean seeds. The microbial populations corresponded to those previously registered for the lower tropics, but with quantitative differences in the genera. Phytophthora, Colletotrichum and Fusarium were registered in the humid Caribbean, while Colletotrichum and Curvularia affected crops in the dry Caribbean. The Beauveria bioinput was not compatible with the evaluated agrochemicals, while Trichoderma was compatible with chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole and oxycarboxin. Metarhizium was compatible with glyphosate and oxycarboxin at 10% of the recommended dose. Lindane residues were found in the beans harvested at three of the studied locations. The combined use of agrochemicals and bioinputs on bean crops is feasible as long as the time of application of the latter is made according to the half-life of the chemical and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.

scholarly journals Sorption and Desorption of Tembotrione and its Metabolite AE 1417268 in Soils with Different Attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
C.A. FIALHO ◽  
M.F. SOUZA ◽  
N.M. FREITAS ◽  
A.A. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT: Tembotrione is registered in Brazil for maize and is used in large areas of the country in each harvest. In recent years, producers have reported carryover effects of this herbicide in succeeding crops to maize. This fact can be attributed to tembotrione recommendations without knowing their interactions with tropical soils colloids. In this study, using high-performance liquid chromatography, it was possible to evaluate the influence of chemical and physical attributes on the sorption and desorption of tembotrione, as well as its metabolite AE 1417268, on seven soils from different regions of Brazil. The coefficients referring to sorption and desorption, as well as the hysteresis index (Kf, 1/n and H) of tembotrione and its metabolite were influenced by pH, clay content and organic matter. In soil samples with low levels of clay and organic matter, values of sorption coefficients were reduced as pH increased. The desorption of tembotrione and its metabolite in all soils were low, mainly in the clayey ones and in soils with higher organic matter content. The sorption of tembotrione and its metabolites varies with the attributes of soil, presenting a direct relation with clay and organic matter contents and an inverse one with soil pH. The desorption of tembotrione and its metabolite decreased with the increase in clay and organic matter contents in the evaluated soils.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the lime requirement of tropical soils in terms of other soil characteristics

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo López ◽  
F. Abruña ◽  
J. Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Significant Regression

The quantity of limestone required to bring the pH of various acid Puerto Rican soils to 6.5 was investigated and found to vary from several hundred to several thousands pounds per acre. To investigate the relation of clay-mineral type, clay content, cation-exchange capacity, organic-matter content, and pH to lime requirement, these properties were determined for several soils. A highly significant regression of lime requirement on pH was obtained which can be expressed by the equation: Y = 18.39 — 3.196 X, where Y is the lime requirement and X is the pH value. Multiple regressions including other factors did not significantly increase the variability which could be explained on terms of the first regression. Further analysis were made by arranging the data according to the predominant clay mineral. For kaolinitic soils highly significant correlations were obtained between lime requirement and either pH or cation exchange capacity. The regressions were: (a) Y = 15.26 — 2.632 pH, and (b) Y = 3.048 + 0.5774 (cation-exchange capacity), where Y is the lime requirement. A regression of lime requirement on both factors did not significantly increase the variability explained by the second equation. No significant regressions were obtained for beidellitic soils.

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