scholarly journals Benchmarking the ACEnano Toolbox for Characterisation of Nanoparticle Size and Concentration by Interlaboratory Comparisons

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Ruud Peters ◽  
Ingrid Elbers ◽  
Anna Undas ◽  
Eelco Sijtsma ◽  
Sophie Briffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparisons ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

ACEnano is an EU-funded project which aims at developing, optimising and validating methods for the detection and characterisation of nanomaterials (NMs) in increasingly complex matrices to improve confidence in the results and support their use in regulation. Within this project, several interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) for the determination of particle size and concentration have been organised to benchmark existing analytical methods. In this paper the results of a number of these ILCs for the characterisation of NMs are presented and discussed. The results of the analyses of pristine well-defined particles such as 60 nm Au NMs in a simple aqueous suspension showed that laboratories are well capable of determining the sizes of these particles. The analysis of particles in complex matrices or formulations such as consumer products resulted in larger variations in particle sizes within technologies and clear differences in capability between techniques. Sunscreen lotion sample analysis by laboratories using spICP-MS and TEM/SEM identified and confirmed the TiO2 particles as being nanoscale and compliant with the EU definition of an NM for regulatory purposes. In a toothpaste sample orthogonal results by PTA, spICP-MS and TEM/SEM agreed and stated the TiO2 particles as not fitting the EU definition of an NM. In general, from the results of these ILCs we conclude that laboratories are well capable of determining particle sizes of NM, even in fairly complex formulations.

Selective Determination of Europium(III) Oxide and Hydroxide Colloids in Aqueous Solution by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Il Yun ◽  
Tobias Bundschuh ◽  
Volker Neck ◽  
Jae-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Light Emission ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
The Eu

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to selectively analyze the aqueous suspension of Eu2O3(s) particles in the presence of the Eu3+ aquo ion. A plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam (λ = 532 nm) into the sample. The light emission from the plasma was detected by a spectrograph equipped with a gated intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) in the wavelength range of 275–525 nm. The atomic emission intensity of the Eu2O3(s) suspension was about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Eu3+ aquo ion. The detection limits for Eu3+(aq) and Eu2O3(s) were found to be 3.3 × 10−5 mol/L and 2.0 × 10−7 mol/L, respectively. Such a difference allows the selective determination of colloidal europium particles. This capability of LIBS was used to study the formation of Eu(OH)3(s) colloids in the aqueous Eu3 solution by varying pH until the solubility limit was exceeded. The appraisal of the threshold pH for the solubility limit led to the determination of the solubility product of colloidal Eu(OH)3(s), which was then calculated to be log K0sp= −25.5 ± 0.4.

scholarly journals CFD-Based Aeroelastic Sensitivity Study of a Low-Speed Flutter Demonstrator

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Rozov ◽  
Andreas Volmering ◽  
Andreas Hermanutz ◽  
Mirko Hornung ◽  
Christian Breitsamter
Keyword(s):  
Potential Theory ◽  
Unsteady Aerodynamics ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Linear Potential Theory ◽  
The Eu

The goal of developing aircraft that are greener, safer and cheaper can only be maintained through significant innovations in aircraft design. An integrated multidisciplinary design approach can lead to an increase in the performance of future derivative aircraft. Advanced aerodynamics and structural design technologies can be achieved by both passive and active suppression of aeroelastic instabilities. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, the EU-funded project Flutter Free Flight Envelope Expansion for Economical Performance Improvement is developing an unmanned aerial vehicle with a high-aspect-ratio-wing and clearly defined flutter characteristics. The aircraft is used as an experimental test platform. The scope of this work is the investigation of the aeroelastic behaviour of the aircraft and the determination of its flutter limits. The modeling of unsteady aerodynamics is performed by means of the small disturbance CFD approach that provides higher fidelity compared to conventional linear-potential-theory-based methods. The CFD-based and the linear-potential-theory-based results are compared and discussed. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the flutter behaviour to the geometric level of detail of the CFD model is evaluated.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING CROSS-BORDER DISPUTES IN CIVIL MATTERS WITHIN THE EU

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
V. V. VOYNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

This paper is devoted to the consideration of certain aspects of legal cooperation in civil matters related to the determination of jurisdiction, recognition and execution of court decisions, as well as the definition of law to be applied when considering cross-border cases within the EU. At the EU level, an entire system of unified legal norms has been created governing the procedure for handling cross-border disputes in civil matters within the Union. At the same time, the EU’s goal is not to replace national procedural legislation with Allied acts, but to facilitate access to justice in civil cases of a cross-border nature in the context of close economic integration. The author analyzes the concept of «legal cooperation in civil matters», and also reveals its key elements. The paper highlights and examines in detail the four modes of consideration of cross-border cases within the EU, notes their features, as well as analyzes judicial practice.

scholarly journals DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION AND LABOR MARKET TRANSFORMATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Gilberto Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

Social innovation can be considered as a process generated by the application of innovation to social needs. Consequently, digital social innovation (DSI) addresses emerging social issues and challenges by taking advantage of digital technology.Currently, most DSI projects make use of more established - and less ‘high-tech’ - solutions, such as social networks, crowdsourcing, and web or mobile apps.Indeed, there is a large pool of people with great ideas, but without the digital skills to bring their ideas to life. A great effort is needed to enable people to access digital skills.This paper highlights how DSI education can contribute, in a period of transformation of the labor market, to enhancing solutions in several strategic sectors, such as healthcare, education, public participation, and the environment.It presents the results of the EU funded project DSI: new educational competences for social inclusion (2018-2020) whose aim is the definition of a basic portfolio of competences for social educators and social volunteers in DSI at a European level. 

Fundamental Rights Protection for Third Country Nationals and Citizens of the Union: Principles for Enhancing Coherence

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Iglesias Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Third Country Nationals

Abstract The definition of the legal contours of a citizenship status is intrinsically bound to the determination of a differentiated status for non-citizens. Nonetheless, European citizenship has been designed in a non-exclusionary fashion. This is not so much the result of a conscious exercise of inclusiveness, as the result of the indeterminacy of the EU Treaties. The progressive construction of a common European immigration policy is happening within a constitutional scenario deprived of principles suitable to guide the relationship between the citizenship status and the several newly created status for third-country nationals, who now derive their EU rights not only from their relationships with EU citizens nor from agreements mirroring the fundamental freedoms. For this reason, there is a growing need to make explicit the principles that should govern this relationship. The main purpose of this paper is to discern and analyse the emerging lines of this relationship, which are being unveiled by EU immigration norms, particularly as they are being interpreted in recent judgements of the ECJ. It will be argued that the new EU rules on immigration are helping to uncover the shortcomings and incoherencies of the EU citizenship status since, paradoxically, the structure of EU competences allows for a deeper involvement of EU law in the determination of the rights of third country nationals than of the rights of citizens.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

DEFINITION OF TIME SPENT ON REPAIR OF BUS TRANSMISSION UNITS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Transmission Unit ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Decrease

The paper purpose is the effectiveness estimation in the technological equipment use, taking into account its reliability and productivity for defective transmission units of buses. The problem consists in the determination of time to be spent on repair of bus transmission units taking into account technological equipment reliability. In the paper there is used a probabilistic method for the prediction bus transmission units, and also a method of the dynamics of averages which allow ensuring minimum of costs for units downtime during repair and equipment cost. The need for repair of transmission units (gear box) arises on an average after 650 hours, the average productivity of the bench makes 4.2 bus / hour. The bench fails on the average after 4600 hours of work, the average time of the bench makes 2 hours. In such a way the solution of the problem specified allows analyzing the necessity of time decrease for transmission unit repair to avoid long downtimes of buses in repair areas without negative impact upon high repair quality and safety during the further operation.

Integracja w dezintegracji i dezintegracja w integracji: determinanty mechanizmów integracyjnych w Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-37
Author(s):  
Barbara Curyło
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Differentiated Integration ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

In the discussion on the future of the EU, the topic of differentiated integration has become a strategic issue, with different variants beginning to appear as modus operandi of the European Union, which has become a subject of controversy among Member States. Significantly, the debate on differentiated integration began to be accompanied by reflections on disintegration. This article attempts to define disintegration on the assumption that it should be defined through the prism of integration, and that such a defining process can not be limited to concluding a one-way contrast between disintegration versus integration and vice versa. This is due to the assumption that the European Union is a dichotomous construct in which integration and disintegration mutually exclude and complement each other. This dichotomy is most evident in the definition of integration and disintegration through the prism of Europeanisation top-down and bottom-up processes that generate, reveal, visualize, stimulate integration mechanisms what allows to diagnose their determinants.

The Concept of Europeanization and Possibilities of its Application to the Analysis of Ukraine-EU Relations

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Natalia Popova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eu Studies ◽  
The Eu

The concept of Europeanization has become quite fashionable in EU studies in recent years. It is often used for the analysis of the relations between the EU and non-member states. The aim of the article is to examine the possibilities of its application in explaining the relationship between the EU and Ukraine. The structure of the article is as follows: firstly, the concept of Europeanization is defined considering such two disputable issues as distinguishing among concepts of Europeanization and European integration as well as Europeanization and EU-ization. Next, the evolution of the theoretical research of Europeanization and definition of this concept are analyzed. Two main mechanisms of Europeanization (conditionality and socialization) are examined. The author considers main approaches to the analysis of the "external" Europeanization emphasizing the concept of "external governance". Three groups of factors which influence the effectiveness of Europeanization are briefly analyzed. And finally, the peculiarities of application of the Europeanization concept to the Ukraine-EU relations are outlined. Keywords: EU, Ukraine, Europeanization, EU-ization, ‘external’ Europeanization, conditionality, socialization, concept of ‘external governance’

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