scholarly journals Proteomic Research on Medicinal Mushrooms Antitumor Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6708
Author(s):  
Boris Jakopovic ◽  
Nada Oršolić ◽  
Ivan Jakopovich
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Antitumor Properties ◽  
Proteomic Research ◽  
Complementary Oncology

Medicinal mushrooms are increasingly being recognized as an important therapeutic modality in complementary oncology. Until now, more than 800 mushroom species have been known to possess significant pharmacological properties, of which antitumor and immunomodulatory properties have been the most researched. Besides a number of medicinal mushroom preparations being used as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, several isolates from mushrooms have been used as official antitumor drugs in clinical settings for several decades. Various proteomic approaches allow for the identification of a large number of differentially regulated proteins serendipitously, thereby providing an important platform for a discovery of new potential therapeutic targets and approaches as well as biomarkers of malignant disease. This review is focused on the current state of proteomic research into antitumor mechanisms of some of the most researched medicinal mushroom species, including Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Agrocybe aegerita, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinus edodes, as whole body extracts or various isolates, as well as of complex extract mixtures.

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Convento ◽  
Cristina Russo ◽  
Luca Zigiotto ◽  
Nadia Bolognini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Abstract. Cognitive rehabilitation is an important area of neurological rehabilitation, which aims at the treatment of cognitive disorders due to acquired brain damage of different etiology, including stroke. Although the importance of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors is well recognized, available cognitive treatments for neuropsychological disorders, such as spatial neglect, hemianopia, apraxia, and working memory, are overall still unsatisfactory. The growing body of evidence supporting the potential of the transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as tool for interacting with neuroplasticity in the human brain, in turn for enhancing perceptual and cognitive functions, has obvious implications for the translation of this noninvasive brain stimulation technique into clinical settings, in particular for the development of tES as adjuvant tool for cognitive rehabilitation. The present review aims at presenting the current state of art concerning the use of tES for the improvement of post-stroke visual and cognitive deficits (except for aphasia and memory disorders), showing the therapeutic promises of this technique and offering some suggestions for the design of future clinical trials. Although this line of research is still in infancy, as compared to the progresses made in the last years in other neurorehabilitation domains, current findings appear very encouraging, supporting the development of tES for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms: Insight into Growing Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zięba ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Modern Technologies

Humans have used mushrooms from the beginning of their history. However, during the last few decades, the market demand for these fruiting bodies has increased significantly owing to the spread in the capabilities of culinary and pharmacological exploitation. Natural mushroom resources have become insufficient to meet the support needs. Therefore, traditional methods of extensive cultivation as well as modern technologies have been exploited to develop effective growing recommendations for dozens of economically important mushroom species. Mushrooms can decompose a wide range of organic materials, including organic waste. They play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. The challenge is a proper substrate composition, including bio-fortified essential elements, and the application of growing conditions to enable a continuous supply of fruiting bodies of market quality and stabilized chemical composition. Many mushroom species are used for food preparation. Moreover, they are treated as functional foods, because they have health benefits beyond their nutritional value, and are used as natural medicines in many countries. Owing to the rapid development of mushroom farming, we reviewed the growing technologies used worldwide for mushroom species developed for food, processing, and pharmacological industries.

scholarly journals Implantation and Retrieval of Magnetic Nanobots for Treatment of Endodontic Re-Infection in Human Dentine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debayan Dasgupta ◽  
Shanmukh Srinivas Peddi ◽  
Deepak K. Saini ◽  
Ambarish Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Dentine ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Drive

<div> <div> <div> <p>More than 10% of root canal treatments undergo failure worldwide due to remnant bacteria deep in the dentinal tubules located within the dentine tissue of human teeth. Owing to the complex and narrow geometry of the tubules, current techniques relying on passive diffusion of anti-bacterial agents are inadequate. Here, we present a new treatment method using actively maneuvered nanobots, which can be incorporated during standard root canal procedure. Our technique will enable dentists to execute procedures inside the dentine not yet possible by current state of the art. We demonstrate that magnetically driven nanobots can reach the depths of the tubules up to hundred times faster than current clinical practices. Subtle modifications of the magnetic drive allowed deep implantation of the nanobots isotopically distributed throughout the dentine, along with spatially controlled retrieval from selected areas. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of bactericidal therapeutic modality with the nanobots, thereby validating the tremendous potential of nanobots in dentistry, and nanomedicine in general. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Therapeutic Targeting of the Gas6/Axl Signaling Pathway in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9953
Author(s):  
Mai Tanaka ◽  
Dietmar W. Siemann
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Affinity Ligand ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
High Affinity Ligand

Many signaling pathways are dysregulated in cancer cells and the host tumor microenvironment. Aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways promote cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Hence, numerous therapeutic interventions targeting RTKs have been actively pursued. Axl is an RTK that belongs to the Tyro3, Axl, MerTK (TAM) subfamily. Axl binds to a high affinity ligand growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6) that belongs to the vitamin K-dependent family of proteins. The Gas6/Axl signaling pathway has been implicated to promote progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance in many cancer types. Therapeutic agents targeting Gas6 and Axl have been developed, and promising results have been observed in both preclinical and clinical settings when such agents are used alone or in combination therapy. This review examines the current state of therapeutics targeting the Gas6/Axl pathway in cancer and discusses Gas6- and Axl-targeting agents that have been evaluated preclinically and clinically.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Chengbo Rong ◽  
Shouxian Wang ◽  
Zhekun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Human Immune

Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Edible, medicinal wild mushrooms: A study in Estado de México

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sánchez-García ◽  
C. Burrola-Aguilar ◽  
C. Zepeda-Gómez ◽  
M.E. Estrada-Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Medicinal Fungi

Objective: To identify edible mushroom species with medicinal uses in Estado de México.Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the bibliographic review of local ethnomycological inventories, weeklymarket visits, semi-structured interviews with vendors, and the collection and taxonomic identification of mushrooms, information was gained regarding medicinal mushroom nomenclature, local knowledge and cultural importance.Results: A list of 36 edible mushroom species was compiled, which can be divided into 11 categories of use, mainly in treating digestive and circulatory illnesses.Study Limitations/Implications: This is a descriptive and exploratory study of edible mushrooms with medicinal uses, and therefore it is necessary to include more empirical and scientific evidence from other similar cases.Findings/Conclusions: There is limited knowledge on medicinal fungi species, implying that they are underexploited asa resource among local inhabitants. Lycoperdon perlatum and Lactarius indigo were cited as having the highest quantityof medicinal uses.

scholarly journals Narcissism - Oxford Handbook of PDs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Crowe ◽  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
William Keith Campbell ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
General Application ◽  
Current State ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Significant Impairment

This chapter reviews the current state of the narcissism and NPD literature highlighting areas of progress, points of continued debate, and areas for future research. After a brief review of narcissism’s origins, current conceptualizations of the construct are discussed beginning first with NPD and continuing with narcissism’s grandiose and vulnerable dimensions. Grandiose narcissism represents the prototypical manifestation of the construct, while vulnerable narcissism is more commonly observed in clinical settings. A review of grandiose and vulnerable narcissisms’ nomological networks makes it clear that both manifestations can yield significant impairment, albeit of different forms. Converging evidence for a three-dimensional (i.e., “trifurcated”) model of narcissism, which allows for an integrated understanding of its grandiose and vulnerable dimensions is presented. We argue that general application of the trifurcated model is necessary to provide further clarity to the narcissism literature. The “oscillation hypothesis” (i.e., that narcissistic individuals fluctuate between grandiose and vulnerable presentations) is highlighted as an area of continued debate and emerging measures capable of investigating narcissistic fluctuation are identified. The chapter concludes with a review of self-report measures of narcissism and recommendations using the trifurcated model to guide scale selection decisions.

scholarly journals Medicinal Mushroom Taiwanofungus camphoratus: A potential cure for cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Shu Lee ◽  
Roland Kirschner ◽  
Shui-Tein Chen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Taiwanofungus Camphoratus

Background: Based on traditional and folk medicine, mushrooms have been developed into anti-cancer therapeutics. In this article, a brief overview is given of the most important medical mushroom species and their specific anti-cancer functions and mechanisms. Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Antrodia cinnamomea), is a medical fungus chosen  to examine  the process from ethnomedicine to developing new products for the market based on scientific, analytic, and experimental evidence. The bioactive compounds have indirect effects in cancer treatment by benefiting the immune system as well as having direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.Taiwanofungus camphoratus is a fungus endemic to Taiwan and one of the most popular known alternative remedies for liver cancer in Taiwan. To date, more than 150 liver cancer patients have survived using T. camphoratus. The treatment has caused tumor shrinking, as well as the disappearance of a tumor altogether in some cases. The ratio between male and female patients has been nearly equal, with ages ranging between 20-79 years. The most effective candidates are those between the ages of 40-60 years.The complex mixture of bioactive compounds in natural fruit bodies is a challenge for artificial production in vitro. Particular problems in developing T. camphoratus into therapeutics for the global market are its rarity in nature and its close dependence on an endemic tree in Taiwan. These challenges can help promote new solutions which could be utilized in the future with other medical fungiKeywords: Medicinal mushrooms, anti-cancer therapeutics, Taiwanofungus camphoratus, liver cancer.    

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