scholarly journals Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Systems towards the Treatment of Tuberculosis and Colorectal Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 7022
Author(s):  
Filipe Oliveira ◽  
Filipa Santos ◽  
Ana Rita C. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Eutectic Systems ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

What if a new technology based on therapeutic deep eutectic systems would disrupt the current treatment of major economic and socially burdensome diseases? The classical definition of eutectic systems is that they are the combination of two or more compounds that interact via hydrogen bonds, from which results a melting temperature depression in comparison with that of its individual components. Therapeutic deep eutectic systems are defined as eutectic systems in which at least one of the individual components is an active pharmaceutical ingredient, or a eutectic system in which the active pharmaceutical ingredient is dissolved. Current literature reports on tuberculosis have been mostly based on the most common anti-tuberculosis drugs prescribed. Using eutectic systems based on naturally occurring molecules known for their anti-microbial activity may also present a promising therapeutic strategy able to cope with the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevent the appearance of multidrug resistance strains. With regards to colorectal cancer, literature has been unravelling combinations of terpenes with anti-inflammatory drugs that are selectively cytotoxic towards colorectal cancer cells and do not compromise the viability of normal intestinal cells. This technology could contribute to preventing tumor growth and metastasis while providing a patient compliance therapeutics, which will be crucial to the success of overcoming the challenges presented by cancers.

scholarly journals Społeczeństwo i kultura jako definicyjny kontekst badań nad wpływem technologii na ponowoczesnego człowieka

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotr Nowak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of selected definitions of the terms used for society and culture, the author creates the sociological theoretical framework for the article. In conjunction with the characterized phenomenon of digital transformation, extensive and far-reaching conclusions are formulated on the impact of new technology for postmodernity. In relation to the scientific achievements of Buber and Tischner, the author deeply analyzes the assumptions of philosophy of dialogue. This allows the observation of a wide dimension in the relationship between the relational nature of social relations, the condition of the individual, the durability of the systems humans create, the technocratic direction of civilizational development and the consumerist attitude to reality in contemporary society of the 21st century. The author describes technological worship and presents the negative consequences of digital transformation processes. On the example of the service sector, the transition is presented as symbolic culture based on the relations and dialogue with technical and functional culture. The research method used in the article is a review of the scientific literature. In the study, the author set the goal of determining the impact of digital transformation on humans in the context of the definition of culture and society. As a result of the research, the author states that technological insight (i.e. looking at technology as a way of resolving all contemporary problems) has the danger of successively weakening man, and could lead to a deepening of social inequalities. The author also emphasizes the need to deepen research on the consequences of the digital transformation on society and culture and to develop models that can reduce the negative consequences of the change process.

scholarly journals Rab13 regulates sEV secretion in mutant KRAS colorectal cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hinger ◽  
Jessica J. Abner ◽  
Jeffrey L. Franklin ◽  
Dennis K. Jeppesen ◽  
Robert J. Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Epithelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Cargo Protein ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), 50–150 nm in diameter, have been proposed to mediate cell–cell communication with important implications in tumor microenvironment interactions, tumor growth, and metastasis. We previously showed that mutant KRAS colorectal cancer (CRC) cells release sEVs containing Rab13 protein and mRNA. Previous work had shown that disruption of intracellular Rab13 trafficking inhibits epithelial cell proliferation and invasiveness. Here, we show that Rab13 additionally regulates the secretion of sEVs corresponding to both traditional exosomes and a novel subset of vesicles containing both β1-integrin and Rab13. We find that exposure of recipient cells to sEVs from KRAS mutant donor cells increases proliferation and tumorigenesis and that knockdown of Rab13 blocks these effects. Thus, Rab13 serves as both a cargo protein and as a regulator of sEV secretion. Our data support a model whereby Rab13 can mediate its effects on cell proliferation and invasiveness via autocrine and paracrine signaling.

scholarly journals Radiation-Activated PI3K/AKT Pathway Promotes the Induction of Cancer Stem-Like Cells via the Upregulation of SOX2 in Colorectal Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Park ◽  
Young-Heon Kim ◽  
Sehwan Shim ◽  
Areumnuri Kim ◽  
Hyosun Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Sox2 Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Current Treatment Strategy ◽  
Radiation Induced

The current treatment strategy for patients with aggressive colorectal cancer has been hampered by resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy due to the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Recent studies have shown that SOX2 expression plays an important role in the maintenance of CSC properties in colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the induction and regulatory role of SOX2 following the irradiation of radioresistant and radiosensitive colorectal cancer cells. We used FACS and western blotting to analyze SOX2 expression in cells. Among the markers of colorectal CSCs, the expression of CD44 increased upon irradiation in radioresistant cells. Further analysis revealed the retention of CSC properties with an upregulation of SOX2 as shown by enhanced resistance to radiation and metastatic potential in vitro. Interestingly, both the knockdown and overexpression of SOX2 led to increase in CD44+ population and induction of CSC properties in colorectal cancer following irradiation. Furthermore, selective genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, but not the MAPK pathway, attenuated SOX2-dependent CD44 expression and metastatic potential upon irradiation in vitro. Our findings suggested that SOX2 regulated by radiation-induced activation of PI3K/AKT pathway contributes to the induction of colorectal CSCs, thereby highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Sound Objects and Sound Products: Standardizing a New Culture of Listening in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hui
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Recording Technology ◽  
Sound Objects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

In this chapter I develop the psychological underpinnings of environmental music towards an understanding of how the goals of cognitive and behavioral psychologists contributed to a new kind of listening at the beginning of the twentieth century. I begin with an examination of nineteenth-century concerns about both the physical and psychological effects of music and fraught debate among experimental psychologists of the role of musical expertise in the laboratory. These concerns were, I argue, rooted in the assumption of a direct, corporeal connection between the generation and reception of music, usually bound within a single, individual body. In the twentieth century, new technology liberated the listener from a temporally- and geographically-bound experience of music. The Tone Tests, Re-Creation Recitals, and Mood Change “parties” of Thomas Edison and the psychologist Walter Bingham show that recording technology allowed for a normalization and standardization of listening not previously possible in the music halls and laboratories of the nineteenth century. Rather paradoxically, since it also made music more accessible to the individual listener, recorded music, mobilized by industrial psychologists and record companies alike, created a new sound experience actively designed for the lowest common denominator of mass listening. It also contributed to the cultivation of a new practice of mass listening. The new mass listening practice presents broader questions about the definition of music and its functional role – If the function of music is to be ignored, is it still music?

scholarly journals Combined Treatment of 5-Fluorouracil and Delta-Tocotrienol Induce of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 203s-203s ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Tham ◽  
C.W. Mai ◽  
J.Y. Fu ◽  
H.-S. Loh
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
The Individual

Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been a first choice chemotherapeutic drug used to treat colorectal cancer. However, its therapeutic outcome often be limited by high-dose toxicities and drug resistance development. Hence, the current research advocates combined application of delta-tocotrienol (δ-T3), as a natural chemosensitizer, with 5-FU as a novel treatment approach for colorectal cancer. Aim: To investigate the combinatorial anticancer effects of δ-T3 and 5-FU on colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods: Cell viability assay was performed to investigate the individual and combined effects of δ-T3 (0.1-100 µM) and 5-FU (0.1-100 µM) on HCT116, HCC2998, Caco-2 and SW48 colorectal cancer cells at 72 h. Subsequently, the synergistic combination were evaluated for the effects on clonogenicity, apoptosis and autophagy. Morphologic assessment was conducted by bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. The protein expression profiles of programmed cell death and survival markers were determined by Western blotting. Results: Combined treatment of subeffective dose of δ-T3 significantly lowered the IC50 of 5-FU in Caco-2 and SW48 colorectal adenocarcinomas for 16-fold and fourfold respectively, signifying a chemosensitising effect. Clonogenic survival assay showed that the combined treatment profoundly hampered the cell survival as compared with the individual single treatments. Apoptosis was induced by the combined treatment as confirmed by flow cytometry. Interestingly, both apoptotic and autophagic morphologies were observed, including nuclear condensation, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic vacuolation and extension. The presence of autophagy was further confirmed by increase LC3A/B ratio and high volume of acidic vesicular organelles. The combined treatment were found to upregulate prodeath proteins such as Bax, caspase-8, caspase-3, PARP and downregulate prosurvival proteins such as cIAP, XIAP and survivin. Conclusion: The enhanced cell death induced by 5-FU and δ-T3 combined treatment involved both apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting a novel and effective treatment approach for colorectal cancer.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКА ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК МЕТОД СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПЕРСОНОЛОГИИ

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Елена Старовойтенко
Keyword(s):  
Text Setting ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

Персонологическая интерпретация текстов предполагает реализацию общенаучных, а также специфических для персонологии, герменевтических установок, к которым относятся: установка на интерпретацию текста как исследование, установка на разнообразие герменевтических действий с текстом, установка на выявление неисследованных содержаний текста, установка на творческое постижение тайн текста, установка на целостное отношение к личности и "Я" автора текста, установка на выявление способности автора быть "практикующим феноменологом", установка на определение места изучаемого текста в континууме текстовых репрезентаций "личности", установка на соотнесение своего понимания текста с другими интерпретациями и их интеграцию, установка на раскрытие сущности авторской "идеи личности", возможное только в единстве интерпретаций, установка на построение и применение герменевтической модели, определяющей процедуру интерпретации как исследования и творчества, установка на определение места проделанного герменевтического поиска в культуре познания и жизни личности, установка на интерпретацию различных видов "текстов личности". Personological interpretation of texts suggests the implementation of the general scientific and also hermeneutical settings specific for Personology which include the setting of the interpretation of the text as a research, setting of a variety of hermeneutical actions with the text, setting to identify unexplored contents of the text, setting of the creative comprehension of the mysteries of the text, setting of the integrity of the attitude of the individual and the "I" of the author of the text, setting to reveal the author's ability to be "practicing phenomenologist", setting of the definition of the place in the text in the continuum of textual representations of the "personality", setting in the correlation of the understanding of the text with other interpretations and their integration, setting of the disclosure of the author's "ideas person" is possible only in the unity of interpretation, setting of the construction and usage of hermeneutical models defining the procedure for the interpretation of both studies and work, the setting to determine the place of hermeneutical research in culture and knowledge of a person's life, setting of the interpretation of various types of "texts of the individual."

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