scholarly journals Monitored Tomographic Reconstruction—An Advanced Tool to Study the 3D Morphology of Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2524
Author(s):  
Konstantin Bulatov ◽  
Marina Chukalina ◽  
Kristina Kutukova ◽  
Vlad Kohan ◽  
Anastasia Ingacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
3D Morphology ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
3D Information

Detailed and accurate three-dimensional (3D) information about the morphology of hierarchically structured materials is derived from multi-scale X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and subsequent 3D data reconstruction. High-resolution X-ray microscopy and nano-XCT are suitable techniques to nondestructively study nanomaterials, including porous or skeleton materials. However, laboratory nano-XCT studies are very time-consuming. To reduce the time-to-data by more than an order of magnitude, we propose taking advantage of a monitored tomographic reconstruction. The benefit of this new protocol for 3D imaging is that the data acquisition for each projection is interspersed by image reconstruction. We demonstrate this new approach for nano-XCT data of a novel transition-metal-based materials system: MoNi4 electrocatalysts anchored on MoO2 cuboids aligned on Ni foam (MoNi4/MoO2@Ni). Quantitative data that describe the 3D morphology of this hierarchically structured system with an advanced electrocatalytically active nanomaterial are needed to tailor performance and durability of the electrocatalyst system. We present the framework for monitored tomographic reconstruction, construct three stopping rules for various reconstruction quality metrics and provide their experimental evaluation.

Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Dogan ◽  
Md Mahbub Alam ◽  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Information ◽  
The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

scholarly journals Three-dimensional imaging of hold baggage for airport security

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
S. Kolokytha ◽  
R. Speller ◽  
S. Robson
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common System ◽  
Close Range

This study describes a cost-effective check-in baggage screening system, based on "on-belt tomosynthesis" (ObT) and close-range photogrammetry, that is designed to address the limitations of the most common system used, conventional projection radiography. The latter's limitations can lead to loss of information and an increase in baggage handling time, as baggage is manually searched or screened with more advanced systems. This project proposes a system that overcomes such limitations creating a cost-effective automated pseudo-3D imaging system, by combining x-ray and optical imaging to form digital tomograms. Tomographic reconstruction requires a knowledge of the change in geometry between multiple x-ray views of a common object. This is uniquely achieved using a close range photogrammetric system based on a small network of web-cameras. This paper presents the recent developments of the ObT system and describes recent findings of the photogrammetric system implementation. Based on these positive results, future work on the advancement of the ObT system as a cost-effective pseudo-3D imaging of hold baggage for airport security is proposed.

scholarly journals Retrieval of 3D information in X-ray dark-field imaging with a large field of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Andrejewski ◽  
Fabio De Marco ◽  
Konstantin Willer ◽  
Wolfgang Noichl ◽  
Theresa Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Large Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Beam Geometry ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Human Thorax ◽  
Field Imaging

AbstractX-ray dark-field imaging is a widely researched imaging technique, with many studies on samples of very different dimensions and at very different resolutions. However, retrieval of three-dimensional (3D) information for human thorax sized objects has not yet been demonstrated. We present a method, similar to classic tomography and tomosynthesis, to obtain 3D information in X-ray dark-field imaging. Here, the sample is moved through the divergent beam of a Talbot–Lau interferometer. Projections of features at different distances from the source seemingly move with different velocities over the detector, due to the cone beam geometry. The reconstruction of different focal planes exploits this effect. We imaged a chest phantom and were able to locate different features in the sample (e.g. the ribs, and two sample vials filled with water and air and placed in the phantom) to corresponding focal planes. Furthermore, we found that image quality and detectability of features is sufficient for image reconstruction with a dose of 68 μSv at an effective pixel size of $$0.357 \times {0.357}\,\mathrm{mm}^{2}$$ 0.357 × 0.357 mm 2 . Therefore, we successfully demonstrated that the presented method is able to retrieve 3D information in X-ray dark-field imaging.

Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Microstructure of Bioglass/Polyethylene Composite by X-Ray Microtomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Fu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
E.S. Thian ◽  
Serena Best ◽  
William Bonfield
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
3D Information

A Bioglass® reinforced polyethylene (Bioglass®/polyethylene) composite has been prepared, which combines the high bioactivity of Bioglass® and the toughness of polyethylene. The spatial distribution of Bioglass® particles within the composite is important for the performance of composites in-vivo. Recent developments in X-ray microtomography (XμT) have made it possible to visualize internal and microstructural details with different X-ray absorbencies, nondestructively, and to acquire 3D information at high spatial resolution. In this study, the volume fraction and 3D spatial distribution of Bioglass® particles has been acquired quantitatively by XμT. The information obtained provides a foundation for understanding the mechanical and bioactive properties of the Bioglass®/polyethylene composites.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional virtual histology of human cerebellum by X-ray phase-contrast tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. 6940-6945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Töpperwien ◽  
Franziska van der Meer ◽  
Christine Stadelmann ◽  
Tim Salditt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Conventional Histology ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

To quantitatively evaluate brain tissue and its corresponding function, knowledge of the 3D cellular distribution is essential. The gold standard to obtain this information is histology, a destructive and labor-intensive technique where the specimen is sliced and examined under a light microscope, providing 3D information at nonisotropic resolution. To overcome the limitations of conventional histology, we use phase-contrast X-ray tomography with optimized optics, reconstruction, and image analysis, both at a dedicated synchrotron radiation endstation, which we have equipped with X-ray waveguide optics for coherence and wavefront filtering, and at a compact laboratory source. As a proof-of-concept demonstration we probe the 3D cytoarchitecture in millimeter-sized punches of unstained human cerebellum embedded in paraffin and show that isotropic subcellular resolution can be reached at both setups throughout the specimen. To enable a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed data, we demonstrate automatic cell segmentation and localization of over 1 million neurons within the cerebellar cortex. This allows for the analysis of the spatial organization and correlation of cells in all dimensions by borrowing concepts from condensed-matter physics, indicating a strong short-range order and local clustering of the cells in the granular layer. By quantification of 3D neuronal “packing,” we can hence shed light on how the human cerebellum accommodates 80% of the total neurons in the brain in only 10% of its volume. In addition, we show that the distribution of neighboring neurons in the granular layer is anisotropic with respect to the Purkinje cell dendrites.

scholarly journals 3D immersive visualization of micro-computed tomography and XRD texture datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
M. A. Rodriguez ◽  
T. T. Amon ◽  
J. J. M. Griego ◽  
H. Brown-Shaklee ◽  
N. Green
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Ct Data

Advancements in computer technology have enabled three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, data-stitching, and manipulation of 3D data obtained on X-ray imaging systems such as micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Likewise, intuitive evaluation of these 3D datasets can be enhanced by recent advances in virtual reality (VR) hardware and software. Additionally, the generation, viewing, and manipulation of 3D X-ray diffraction datasets, such as pole figures employed for texture analysis, can also benefit from these advanced visualization techniques. We present newly-developed protocols for porting 3D data (as TIFF-stacks) into a Unity gaming software platform so that data may be toured, manipulated, and evaluated within a more-intuitive VR environment through the use of game-like controls and 3D headsets. We demonstrate this capability by rendering μ-CT data of a polymer dogbone test bar at various stages of in situ mechanical strain. An additional experiment is presented showing 3D XRD data collected on an aluminum test block with vias. These 3D XRD data for texture analysis (χ, ϕ, 2θ dimensions) enables the viewer to visually inspect 3D pole figures and detect the presence or absence of in-plane residual macrostrain. These two examples serve to illustrate the benefits of this new methodology for multidimensional analysis.

scholarly journals 3D reconstruction of magnetization from dichroic soft X-ray transmission tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez ◽  
Doga Gürsoy ◽  
Charudatta Phatak ◽  
Carlos Quirós ◽  
Andrea Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Nanostructures ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Transmission Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Dichroism

The development of magnetic nanostructures for applications in spintronics requires methods capable of visualizing their magnetization. Soft X-ray magnetic imaging combined with circular magnetic dichroism allows nanostructures up to 100–300 nm in thickness to be probed with resolutions of 20–40 nm. Here a new iterative tomographic reconstruction method to extract the three-dimensional magnetization configuration from tomographic projections is presented. The vector field is reconstructed by using a modified algebraic reconstruction approach based on solving a set of linear equations in an iterative manner. The application of this method is illustrated with two examples (magnetic nano-disc and micro-square heterostructure) along with comparison of error in reconstructions, and convergence of the algorithm.

scholarly journals Automatic projection image registration for nanoscale X-ray tomographic reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Sihao Xia ◽  
Chenxi Wei ◽  
Yuwei Mao ◽  
Daniel Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projection Images

Novel developments in X-ray sources, optics and detectors have significantly advanced the capability of X-ray microscopy at the nanoscale. Depending on the imaging modality and the photon energy, state-of-the-art X-ray microscopes are routinely operated at a spatial resolution of tens of nanometres for hard X-rays or ∼10 nm for soft X-rays. The improvement in spatial resolution, however, has led to challenges in the tomographic reconstruction due to the fact that the imperfections of the mechanical system become clearly detectable in the projection images. Without proper registration of the projection images, a severe point spread function will be introduced into the tomographic reconstructions, causing the reduction of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution as well as the enhancement of image artifacts. Here the development of a method that iteratively performs registration of the experimentally measured projection images to those that are numerically calculated by reprojecting the 3D matrix in the corresponding viewing angles is shown. Multiple algorithms are implemented to conduct the registration, which corrects the translational and/or the rotational errors. A sequence that offers a superior performance is presented and discussed. Going beyond the visual assessment of the reconstruction results, the morphological quantification of a battery electrode particle that has gone through substantial cycling is investigated. The results show that the presented method has led to a better quality tomographic reconstruction, which, subsequently, promotes the fidelity in the quantification of the sample morphology.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional periodic complex structures in soft matter: investigation using scattering methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Impéror-Clerc
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Cubic Phases

Three-dimensional periodic complex structures are encountered in various soft matter systems such as liquid crystals, block-copolymer phases and the related nano-structured materials. Here, we review several well-defined topologies: two-dimensional hexagonal phase, three-dimensional packing of spheres, tetrahedral close packing ( tcp ) bi-continuous and tri-continuous cubic phases. We illustrate how small-angle X-ray scattering experiments help us to investigate these different structures and introduce the main available structural models based on both direct and inverse methods.

Application of electron tomography to elucidate the 3D architecture of diverse asymmetric biological specimens

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Bruce F. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
3D Architecture ◽  
3D Information

Electron tomography refers to the use of tomographic reconstruction methods to obtain three-dimensional (3D) information from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This is accomplished by tilting the sample over a wide angular range with 180° being ideal, but 120° to 140° more typical due to limitations imposed by the geometry of most TEM specimens. If symmetry is present in the sample then the full angular range is not required. Furthermore, if the specimen is present as identical units, either in crystalline arrays or as single particles, the different tilts can be collected from different specimens and hence spare the total electron dose on any given particle. However, many important biological specimens are large, asymmetric objects which, due to their size, are not found as identical individual units. For such cases, the only recourse is to collect all the views from a single copy of the object, generally using a single axis tilt geometry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document