scholarly journals Preparation of N-Doped Carbon Nanosheets from Sewage Sludge for Adsorption Studies of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Weinan Zhao ◽  
Wanlan Zheng ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Jinsheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Porous activated carbon with specific morphology and structure are of particular importance for waste water treatment, especially for the adsorption of toxic hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). However, the scalable and cheap production of such absorbents still suffer a grand challenge. Herein, a new type of N-doped nanosheet was innovatively prepared from easily available and low-cost sewage sludge via a facile and recyclable KOH activation method. The N-doped porous carbon nanosheets (N-SAC) produced by introduction of KOH and dicyandiamide, which performed favourable features for metal ions adsorption (93.2% for Cr(VI)) due to its high specific surface area, tuneable pore size distributions and good hydrophilicity. Additionally, the capacity also remained high after two cycles of adsorption by thermal regeneration, with 90.8% removal rate. The DFT calculation also approved that the doping of N could optimize the Mulliken charges distribution and improve the HOMO energy and improve the adsorption ability of N-SAC. This original proposal may inspire new possibility of creating porous carbon absorbents in a recyclable method.

scholarly journals Self-Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Modification of Anodes for Improving Microbial Fuel Cells’ Performance

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Xing ◽  
Zhongliang Liu ◽  
Wenwen Chen ◽  
Xiaoge Lou ◽  
Yanxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets

Dandelion seeds (DSs) have the advantages of high nitrogen content, low cost and easy availability and thus are ideal carbon precursors for fabricating carbon nanomaterials. Herein, this paper prepared a carbon nanosheet material by one-step carbonizing DSs with KOH activation (self-doped-nitrogen porous carbon nanosheets (N-CNS)) and without KOH activation (unactivated self-doped-nitrogen porous carbon nanosheets (N-UA-CNS)), which could dope nitrogen atoms directly into carbon materials without additional processes. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images and X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns both showed that N-CNS was of macro-porous structure, and beneficial for microorganisms’ growth. The Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET) surface area of N-CNS was 2107.5 m2 g−1, which was much higher than that of N-UA-CNS. After carbon clothes were modified by the obtained materials, the internal resistance of both N-CNS-modified carbon cloth (N-CNS-CC) and N-UA-CNS-modified carbon cloth (N-UA-CNS-CC) was greatly reduced and was found to be only 2.7 Ω and 4.0 Ω, respectively which are all significantly smaller than that of blank carbon cloth (65.1 Ω). These electrodes were assembled in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as anode, and the operation experiments showed that the N-CNS modification shortened start-up time, improved output stability and increased maximum output voltage significantly. The maximum power density of N-CNS-CC MFC was 1122.41 mW m−2 which was 1.3 times of that of N-UA-CNS-CC MFC and 1.6 times of that of CC MFC. The results demonstrated that N-CNS was an ideal modification material for fabricating MFC anodes with simple preparation process and low cost.

VERMICOMPOSTING TECHNOLOGY FOR STABILIZING THE SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM RURAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lina Cardoso ◽  
C. Esperanza Ramírez ◽  
E. Violeta Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sludge Management

There are problems associated with sludge management in small treatment plants (<10 L/s) located in rural communities, due to costly conventional technology for sludge stabilization. Many of these plants have only sludge drying beds. Mexican Institute of Water Technology has proposed developing suitable low-cost technologies, one of which is vermicomposting a biodegradation system using earthworms of the species Eisenia foetida (earthworm) which stabilize sludge and reduce its pathogenicity. The objective of this work is to present two case studies where vermicomposting technology has been applied in Mexico. The first study corresponds to a plant where 4.8 m3/month of sludge are produced; for these wastes, a vermicomposting system was built and installed. The second study is a treatment plant where 9 m3/month of sludge are produced; experimental tests were conducted with sludge and water hyacinth and a vermicomposting system was designed. The vermicomposts were analyzed using parameters defined by Mexican standards. In regards to stabilization, TVS was reduced by 38% and the microbiological quality of the vermicompost was Class A and B, with a reduction in fecal coliforms and Helminth eggs according to NOM-004-SEMARNAT-2002. A CRETI (Corrosivity, Reactivity, Explosivity, Toxicity and Ignitability) analysis (NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005) was used to show that the process reduced the concentration of releasable sulfides. The agronomic quality of the vermicompost exhibited a high content of organic matter comparable to many organic manures and high content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. It is concluded that it is possible to improve the conditions of sewage sludge management in small plants of rural communities with a minimum investment (less than $10,000.00 USD) and with a requirement of a minimum area of 60 to 70 m2 for a production of less than 9 m3/month of dehydrated sludge (80% humidity).

Low-cost and advanced symmetry supercapacitors based on three-dimensional tea waste of porous carbon nanosheets

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Wenxian Wang ◽  
Zimin Kou ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Tea Waste

Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Low-Cost, High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

ChemSusChem ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-guo Wang ◽  
Zhong Wu ◽  
Fan-lu Meng ◽  
De-long Ma ◽  
Xiao-lei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anode Material ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Nitrogen Doped

scholarly journals Facile fabrication of hierarchical porous carbon based on extract separated from coal with outstanding electrochemical performance

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (54) ◽  
pp. 33843-33850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chang ◽  
Zhihong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbon ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbons ◽  
Facile Fabrication

Herein, a novel kind of hierarchical porous carbons were directly synthesized from low-cost extracts of coal by coupling nano MgO template with in situ KOH activation strategy.

N, S, O Self-Doped Porous Carbon Nanoarchitectonics Derived from Pinecone with Outstanding Supercapacitance Performances

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2728-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Yanchun Xue ◽  
Jiale Chen ◽  
Xingmei Guo ◽  
Dandan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
One Step

Biomass-derived porous carbons are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their low-cost and natural abundance. In this work, pinecone is used to fabricate biomass N, S, O-doped porous carbon via one-step carbonization process with KOH activation. By optimizing the additive amount of KOH and calcination temperature, the asprepared product shows a high specific surface area and pore volume up to 1593.8 m2 g−1 and 0.8582 cm3 g−1, respectively. As an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode, the N, S, O-doped porous carbon exhibits a high specific capacitance of 285 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good rate performance with a capacitance retention of 78.6% from 0.5 to 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the as-assembled symmetric supercapacitor with 6 mol L−1 KOH as electrolyte possesses a promising energy density of 6.34 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 250 W kg−1. Outstanding cycling stability was also demonstrated with 94.4% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 1 A g−1.

Synthesis of N-doped carbon nanosheets with controllable porosity derived from bio-oil for high-performance supercapacitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 19653-19663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Wang ◽  
Bin Qin ◽  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Xie ◽  
Li'e Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Bio Oil

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets were fabricated by carbonization and subsequent KOH activation of bio-oil derived polymers.

Fabrication of Complex-Shaped SiC Parts Based on Polymerization -Induced Phase Separation and Pyrolysis Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Guan Jun Qiao ◽  
Shun Jian Xu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Gui Wu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Reactive Infiltration ◽  
Starting Mixture ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Polymerization Induced Phase Separation

A route based on a technique of polymerization - induced phase separation and pyrolysis (PIPSP) has been developed to fabricate complex-shaped SiC parts. The capability of this process to produce complex component shapes has been demonstrated, and corresponding reactive mechanisms have been also discussed. Three types of porous carbon preforms, i.e. mesoporous carbon monoliths (MCMs), hierarchical porous carbon monoliths (HCMs) and porous carbon foam (PCFs) were obtained, which has different pore size distributions. The pore structures of the preforms can be controlled through changing starting mixture composition and polymerizing conditions. The apparent porosity of the preform was changed from 19.9 to 60%, which was a key parameter to obtain dense SiC parts. After reactive infiltration of the preform with Si, the SiC parts were obtained. Geometry of SiC parts were controlled by molds. The dimension shrinkage of SiC parts was less than 3% before/after siliconization and no distortion occurred. Compared with other molds assistance route, the wax mold assistance route was a most potential technique to fabricate SiC parts industrially because of its suitable forming precision, recycled mold materials and low-cost. The mechanism of the reactive infiltration of MCMs was different from that of the reactive infiltration of preforms with bigger pore size, i.e. the pore channels of MCMs were restructured at transitional stage of reaction.

Study of Adsorbent Derived from Sewage Sludge Incineration Residue for the Removal of Ni2+ in Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Yong Liu ◽  
Xu Nan Ning ◽  
Zuo Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Incineration Residue

Sewage sludge incineration residue was obtained from a sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou and used as a low-cost sorbent for removing Ni2+ from wastewaters. The adsorption effectiveness and their factors of Ni2+ in aqueous solutions were simulated detailed using the adsorbents of the sludge incineration residue. The simulation contents and the factors included the adsorption time, the pH of solution and the dosage of adsorbents and so on. The results showed that at room temperature, the adsorption equilibrium of Ni2+ can be achieved in 6h and the best pH value of the solution was about 7.0. The removal rates of Ni2+ were increased with the adsorbent concentration increasing and the optimal concentration of adsorbent was 10g/L with the initial concentration of Ni2+ less than 30mg/L.At the best adsorption conditions, the removal rate of Ni2+ reached more than 70%.

scholarly journals A biomass derived porous carbon for broadband and lightweight microwave absorption

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhang ◽  
Huanqin Zhao ◽  
Weihua Gu ◽  
Lieji Yang ◽  
Baoshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Absorption ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Carbon Framework ◽  
Continuous Progress

AbstractWith the continuous progress of science and technology, the traditional magnetic material is no longer able to meet the new complex electromagnetic (EM) environment due to its high bulk density. Therefore, the novel excellent EM absorber with the feature of thin thickness, low density, broad absorption bandwidth and strong absorption intensity is highly desired. Herein, we fabricated a porous carbon with ultrahigh porosity through a facile KOH activation from biomass waste pumpkin seed shell for lightweight EM wave absorption application. By optimizing the porous structures, the strong absorption intensity of −50.55 dB is achieved at thin thickness of 1.85 mm under low filler content of only 10 wt %. More interestingly, a broad frequency bandwidth of 7.4 GHz could cover the whole Ku band. These outstanding microwave absorption performances, couple with low cost ingredients and ease of fabrication process enable the porous carbon framework as the next generation promising candidate for lightweight and remarkable EM absorber.

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