scholarly journals The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the In Vivo Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Levels Independently

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jenkins ◽  
Manar Aoun ◽  
Christine Feillet-Coudray ◽  
Charles Coudray ◽  
Martin Ronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Complex Influence ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption, with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat, representing one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating concentrations independent of their relative intake. Additionally, it is not clear how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation. Through two dietary studies with different total-fat levels but maintaining identical fatty acid compositions, we were able to see how the dietary total-fat affects the fatty acids in circulation. We saw that there was a statistically significant, proportionate, and robust decrease in the endogenous C15:0 levels with an increase in dietary total-fat. However, there was no significant change in the circulating C17:0 concentrations as the total-fat increased. To conclude, the dietary total-fat content and fat-type have a very complex influence on the relative compositions of circulating fatty acids, which are independent of the actual dietary fatty acid composition. Knowing how to manipulate circulating C15:0 and C17:0 concentrations is far-reaching in nutritional/pathological research as they highlight a dietary route to attenuate the development of metabolic disease (both by reducing risk and improving prognosis).

scholarly journals The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the In Vivo Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Concentrations Independently to the Dietary Fatty Acid Compositions; Highlighting Dietary Routes that may Attenuate the Development of Metabolic Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jenkins ◽  
Manar Aoun ◽  
Christine Feillet-Coudray ◽  
Charles Coudray ◽  
Martin Ronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat; one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating compositions independently to their relative intake. Additionally, it is unknown how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation. Through two dietary studies with different total-fat levels but maintaining individual fatty acid compositions we were able to see how the dietary total-fat affects the fatty acids in circulation. We saw that there was a significant, proportionate, and robust decrease in the endogenous C15:0 levels with an increase in dietary total-fat. However, there was an increase in the circulating C17:0 compositions as the total-fat increased. To conclude, the dietary total-fat content and fat-type have a very complex influence on the relative compositions of circulating fatty acids, which are independent to the actual dietary fatty acid composition. Knowing how to manipulate circulating C15:0 and C17:0 composition is far-reaching in nutritional/pathological research as they highlight a dietary route to attenuate the development of metabolic disease (both by reducing risk and improving prognosis).

scholarly journals Molecular composition of the phosphatidylcholines produced by the phospholipid methylation pathway in rat brain in vivo

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Lakher ◽  
R J Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Methylation Pathway ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

We examined the formation in vivo of molecular subspecies of brain phosphatidylcholine (PC) via the phospholipid-methylation pathway. [3H]Methionine was infused into a lateral cerebral ventricle, and 3H-labelled PC was isolated from brains of rats 0.1-18 h after the infusions. Three major subspecies of this PC, differing in their fatty acid compositions, were separated on silver-impregnated t.l.c. plates, and the proportions of radioactivities in these three PC fractions were determined. The results indicate that newly-formed PC synthesized by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine at 0.1 h after [3H]methionine contains a significantly higher proportion of polyunsaturated subspecies (i.e. those with six or four double bonds) than does PC obtained later times after injection of [3H]methionine. This change in the composition of 3H-labelled brain PC occurs gradually and is not due to an influx of radioactive PC from the periphery. Our data suggest that polyunsaturated PC (hexaenes and tetraenes) produced in the brain by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine turns over faster than does that containing more-saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals The content of fat and fatty acids composition in chicken liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1855-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cieślik ◽  
I. Cieślik ◽  
J.M. Molina-Ruiz ◽  
I. Walkowska ◽  
W. Migdal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Total Fat

Liver is recognized as a valuable source of nutrients in human nutrition but there are a few reports of the lipid profile of chicken liver. The aim of work was to determine fat content as well as fatty acids composition of raw chicken liver. The study was carried out on three chicken breeds (New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island) obtained from National Research Institute of Animal Production in Balice. Total fat was determined by Soxhlet method and the fatty acids profile was performed with gas chromatography method on a Varian 3400. Fat content of chicken liver ranged from 2.65 to 10.07 g/100g depended on the breed. The predominant saturated acid (SFA) in all samples was palmitate (C16:0), followed by stearate (C18:0). Oleate (C18:1) was the major monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in all samples, followed by palmitooleate (16:1). n-3 fatty acids in chicken liver were comparatively lower than SFA and MUFA. The predominant polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) was linoleate (C18:2). Arachidonate (C20:4) was the second most important n-6 fatty acid. Fatty acid content also varied between breeds of chicken. It has been demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) is found in chicken liver.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FAT LEVEL ON GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF THE NEONATAL PIG

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. SARKAR ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
M. S. WOLYNETZ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Four Yorkshire piglets, from each of 18 litters, were randomly allotted within litters, to four treatment groups 12 h after birth. Group 1 (Control) continued to be suckled by sows; the remaining piglets were reared artificially on a semi-synthetic liquid diet containing either 25% soybean oil (SBO) (group 2) or 3% SBO plus 22% lactose (groups 3 and 4). At 7, 14 and 21 days of age, 24 pigs from six litters were killed. Piglets on the 25% SBO diet grew faster (P < 0.05) than those on the 3% SBO diet while the growth rate of the suckled piglets tended to be between the growth rates of those on the two SBO diets. Body fat content increased with the fat content in the diet and with age. The protein:fat ratio was greatest in the piglets on the 3% SBO diet and least in the suckled piglets. The fatty acid composition of backfat changed, primarily during the first week of life, towards that of the dietary fat. This was evident even in piglets on the low fat-high carbohydrate (3% SBO) diet. The composition of the fat deposited in piglets on the 3% SBO group indicated preferential utilization of essential fatty acids and little de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The amount and type of fat deposited by piglets fed the 3% SBO diet, together with preliminary evidence of low incorporation of radioactivity from (U14C) glucose with adipose tissue fatty acids in vivo, suggest that the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in adipose tissue of piglets is not as high as previously reported (Mersmann et al. 1973). Key words: Neonatal pigs, fat deposition, fatty acid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals The effect of maternal dietary fat content and n-6:n-3 ratio on offspring growth and hepatic gene expression in the rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227-1238
Author(s):  
Sally A. V. Draycott ◽  
Grace George ◽  
Matthew J. Elmes ◽  
Beverly S. Muhlhausler ◽  
Simon C. Langley-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Total Fat

Abstractn-6 Fatty acids have been shown to exert pro-adipogenic effects, whereas n-3 fatty acids work in opposition. Increasing intakes of linoleic acid (LA; n-6) v. α-linolenic acid (ALA; n-3) in Western diets has led to the hypothesis that consumption of this diet during pregnancy may be contributing to adverse offspring health. This study investigated the effects of feeding a maternal dietary LA:ALA ratio similar to that of the Western diet (9:1) compared with a proposed ‘ideal’ ratio (about 1:1·5), at two total fat levels (18 v. 36 % fat, w/w), on growth and lipogenic gene expression in the offspring. Female Wistar rats were assigned to one of the four experimental groups throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring were culled at 1 and 2 weeks of age for sample collection. Offspring of dams consuming a 36 % fat diet were approximately 20 % lighter than those exposed to an 18 % fat diet (P < 0·001). Male, but not female, liver weight at 1 week was approximately 13 % heavier and had increased glycogen (P < 0·05), in offspring exposed to high LA (P < 0·01). Hepatic expression of lipogenic genes suggested an increase in lipogenesis in male offspring exposed to a 36 % fat maternal diet and in female offspring exposed to a low-LA diet, via increases in the expression of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein. Sexually dimorphic responses to altered maternal diet appeared to persist until 2 weeks of age. In conclusion, whilst maternal total fat content predominantly affected offspring growth, fatty acid ratio and total fat content had sexually dimorphic effects on offspring liver weight and composition.

scholarly journals Determination of Total Fat in Foods and Feeds by the Caviezel Method, Based on a Gas Chromatographic Technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Pendl ◽  
Marcel Bauer ◽  
Rafael Caviezel ◽  
Peter Schulthess
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract This peer-verified method specifies a fast, easy, and reliable quantitative method to determine total fat in foods and feeds in compliance with the new definition of fat from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The method takes into consideration all fatty acids, from C4 to C24, and when fat is present at 0.3-100%. The validation study included 9 matrixes, with fat levels ranging from 1 to 79%. Sample and internal standard (IS; tridecanoic acid) are added to solvent (n-butyl alcohol). Fat is extracted and simultaneously saponified by potassium hydroxide. The fatty acid potassium salts are converted to fatty acids by adding an acidic aqueous salt solution, which produces a 2-phase system. The upper phase, containing the fatty acids and IS, is injected into the fat determination system. After gas chromatographic separation, the fat content is calculated from IS and fatty acid peak areas. The fat content is automatically converted to triglyceride content with a predetermined factor. Ten replicates of 9 different food samples, which cover the whole range of different contents in fat, proteins, and carbohydrates, were analyzed by the submitting and the peer laboratories. Repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values ranged from 0.47 to 4.62%. Reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values ranged from 0.85 to 9.52%. These estimates include between-run variability. The method shows good accuracy. Values for standard reference materials (SRMs) are in agreement with certified values. Regression analysis of the correlation between observed fat and certified value over all matrixes and fat levels indicated good precision and absence of method bias (5 SRMs; 1-30% fat; correlation coefficient, R2 = 99.98%)

Fatty acid composition of achenes of Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae, Carduoideae) from Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melahat Ozcan ◽  
Faik Ahmet Ayaz ◽  
Yesim Ozogul ◽  
Robert Glew ◽  
Fatih Ozogul
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The fatty acid compositions and total oil contents in achenes of 22 Cirsium taxa collected from different natural habitats in Turkey were investigated. The range of total fat in the taxa varied from 1.7% to 13.3%. The taxa contained palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1n-9), linoleic (C18:2n-6), and α-linolenic (C18:3n-3) acid. Polyunsaturated fatty acids had the highest level, ranging from 52.1% to 75.2% (C18:2n-6) and 0.5%–17.3% (C18:3n-3). Total saturated (6.9%–17.4%), monounsaturated (11.7%–28.9%), and polyunsaturated (57.4%–79.9%) fatty acids varied substantially, whereas total unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 70.6% to 91.3%. Considerable variation was observed (P<0.05) within each taxon for these fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). Fatty acid compositions of the 22 taxa were compared by cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principle component analysis (PCA) based on six major fatty acids. This is the first report on the lipid content and fatty acid composition of achenes of Cirsium taxa growing in different areas of Turkey. Fatty acid profiles, relative proportions and levels of fatty acids can be used as additional biochemical markers in the taxonomy of Cirsium.

scholarly journals Salmonids as Natural Functional Food Rich in Omega-3 PUFA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kolanowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Food Market

Salmonids are valuable fish in the human diet due to their high content of bioactive omega-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC PUFA). The aim of this study was to assess the omega-3 VLC PUFA content in selected salmonid fish present on the food market regarding whether they were farm-raised or wild. It was assumed that farm-raised fish, by eating well-balanced feed enriched with omega-3 PUFA, might contain omega-3 VLC PUFA in levels similar to that of wild fish. Fat content, fatty acid composition and omega-3 VLC PUFA content in fish fillets were measured. Farm-raised salmon from Norway, wild Baltic salmon, farm-raised rainbow trout and brown trout were bought from a food market whereas wild trout (rainbow and brown) were caught alive. The fat content in fish ranged from 3.3 to 8.0 g/100 g of fillet. It was confirmed that although wild salmonid fish contain 10–25% more omega-3 VLC PUFA in lipid fraction, the farm-raised ones, due to the 60–100% higher fat content, are an equally rich source of these desirable fatty acids in the human diet. One serving (130 g) of salmonid fish fillets might provide a significant dose of omega-3 VLC PUFA, from 1.2 to 2.5 g. Thus, due to very high content of bioactive fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in their meat, salmonid fish currently present on the food market, both sea and freshwater as well as wild and farm-raised, should be considered as natural functional food.

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (&lt;25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (&gt;80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

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