Cultural Differences in Diet and Determinants of Diet Quality in Switzerland: Results from the National Nutrition Survey menuCH

Sociodemographic differences in dietary consumption were observed in different populations. The current study aimed to identify sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of diet quality and to investigate the differences in diet quality between the three main language regions of Switzerland. Using data of the Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2057), two diet quality scores—Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score—were computed. Linear regression models were used to investigate the determinants of diet quality and chi-square tests were used to test for differences in single score components between language regions. Significantly higher diet quality scores were observed for individuals who were female, older, normal weight, non-Swiss, with tertiary education or moderate-to-high physical activity level. Additionally, residents of the French- and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland scored higher than residents of the German-speaking region. More specifically, the higher diet quality observed in the French- and Italian-speaking regions was mediated by higher scores in the components of alcohol, dairy products, fat, fish, sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains. The present results may help to better characterize population groups requiring specific dietary recommendations, enabling public health authorities to develop targeted interventions.

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The Contribution of Diet Quality to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Obesity: A Population-based Study of Swiss Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1573

Author(s):

Carlos de Mestral ◽

Angeline Chatelan ◽

Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽

Silvia Stringhini ◽

Murielle Bochud

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Socioeconomically disadvantaged people are disproportionally more likely to develop obesity and obesity-related diseases. However, it remains unclear to what extent diet quality contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in obesity. We aimed to assess the role of diet quality in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity. Data originated from the national nutrition survey, a cross-sectional sample of the adult Swiss population (N = 1860). We used education and income as proxies for SES; calculated the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) as a measure of diet quality; and used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as obesity markers. We applied counterfactual mediation modelling to generate odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and the proportion mediated by diet quality. Individuals with less than a tertiary education were two to three times more likely to be obese, regardless of the marker (OR (95% CI): 3.36 (2.01, 5.66) using BMI; 2.44 (1.58, 3.75) using WC; 2.48 (1.63, 3.78) using WHR; and 2.04 (1.43, 2.96) using WHtR). The proportion of the association between educational level and obesity that was mediated by diet quality was 22.1% using BMI, 26.6% using WC, 31.4% using WHtR, and 35.8% using WHR. Similar findings were observed for income. Our findings suggest that diet quality substantially contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in obesity while it does not fully explain them. Focusing efforts on improving the diet quality of disadvantaged groups could help reduce social inequalities in obesity.

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Diet Quality Index for older adults (DQI-65): development and use in predicting adherence to dietary recommendations and health markers in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521005043 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-39

Author(s):

Nicole Dorrington ◽

Rosalind Fallaize ◽

Ditte A. Hobbs ◽

Michelle Weech ◽

Julie A. Lovegrove

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Diet quality indexes (DQIs) are useful tools for assessing diet quality in relation to health and guiding delivery of personalised nutritional advice, however existing DQIs are limited in their applicability to older adults (aged ≥65 years). Therefore, this research aimed to develop a novel evidence-based DQI specific to older adults (DQI-65). Three DQI-65 variations were developed to assess the impacts of different component quantitation methods and inclusion of physical activity. The variations were: Nutrient and Food-based DQI-65 (NFDQI-65), NFDQI-65 with Physical Activity (NFDQI-65+PA) and Food-based DQI-65 with Physical Activity (FDQI-65+PA). To assess their individual efficacy, the NFDQI-65, NFDQI-65+PA and FDQI-65+PA were explored alongside the validated Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) using data from the cross-sectional UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme. Scores for DQI-65 variations, the HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 were calculated for adults ≥65 years from years 2-6 of the NDNS (n=871). Associations with nutrient intake, nutrient status and health markers were analysed using linear and logistic regression. Higher DQI-65s and HEI-2015 scores were associated with increased odds of meeting almost all of our previously proposed age-specific nutritional recommendations, and with health markers of importance for older adults, including lower body mass index, lower medication use and lower C-reactive protein (P<0.01). Few associations were observed for the AHEI-2010. This analysis suggests value of all three DQI-65s as measures of dietary quality in UK older adults. However, methodological limitations mean further investigations are required to assess validity and reliability of the DQI-65s.

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The association of overall diet quality with BMI and waist circumference by education level in Mexican men and women

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001900065x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 2777-2792 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nancy López-Olmedo ◽

Barry M Popkin ◽

Michelle A Mendez ◽

Lindsey Smith Taillie

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Total Sample ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Education Level ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Men And Women ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Mexican Men

AbstractObjective:The present study evaluated the association of two measures of diet quality with BMI and waist circumference (WC), overall and by education level, among Mexican men and women.Design:We constructed two a priori indices of diet quality, the Mexican Diet Quality Index (MxDQI) and the Mexican Alternate Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI), which we examined relative to BMI and WC. We computed sex-specific multivariable linear regression models for the total sample and by education level.Setting:Mexico.Participants:Mexican men (n 954) and women (n 1356) participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.Results:Total dietary scores were not associated with BMI in men and women, but total MxDQI was inversely associated with WC in men (−0·10, 95 % CI −0·20, −0·004 cm). We also found that some results differed by education level in men. For men with the lowest education level, a one-unit increase in total MxDQI and MxAHEI score was associated with a mean reduction in BMI of 0·11 (95 % CI −0·18, 0·04) and 0·18 (95 % CI −0·25, −0·10) kg/m2, respectively. Likewise, a one-unit increase in total MxDQI and MxAHEI score was associated with a mean change in WC of −0·30 (95 % CI −0·49, −0·11) and −0·53 (95 % CI −0·75, −0·30) cm, respectively, in men with the lowest level of education. In women, the association of diet quality scores with BMI and WC was not different by education level.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that a higher diet quality in men with low but not high education is associated with lower BMI and WC.

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Diet quality in middle-aged and older women with and without body weight dissatisfaction: results from a population-based national nutrition survey in Switzerland

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Angéline Chatelan ◽

Isabelle Carrard

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Older Women ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

National Nutrition Survey ◽

Body Weight Dissatisfaction

Abstract Body weight dissatisfaction is associated with unhealthy dietary behaviours in young adults, but data are scarce regarding how this relationship evolves with age. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction and the association between body weight dissatisfaction, nutrient intake and diet quality in middle-aged and older women. We used data of a population-based sample of 468 middle-aged (50–64 y/o) and older (65–75 y/o) women, extracted from the cross-sectional 2014–15 Swiss National Nutrition Survey. Body weight dissatisfaction was assessed by questionnaire. Dietitians assessed dietary intakes using two non-consecutive computer-assisted multi-pass 24-h dietary recalls and performed anthropometric measurements. Nutrient intakes were calculated and compared with national dietary guidelines, and diet quality scored with the 2010 Alternate Healthy Eating Index (2010-AHEI). 41⋅1 % of women reported body weight dissatisfaction, and 49⋅8 % wanted to lose weight. Body weight dissatisfaction was associated with weight loss desire and a higher body mass index (BMI; P < 0⋅001). Women with body weight dissatisfaction consumed significantly less carbohydrates and dietary fibres, even when BMI was controlled for (P < 0⋅05). They also fell short of national dietary guidelines for magnesium and iron. Body weight dissatisfied women obtained lower 2010-AHEI scores than satisfied women (β −4⋅36, 95 % CI −6⋅78, −1⋅93). However, this association disappeared when the BMI was introduced in the equation. This highlights the importance of targeting both body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating in obesity prevention and treatment at all ages.

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Caregiver Status and Diet Quality in Community-Dwelling Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1803

Author(s):

Sharmin Hossain ◽

May A. Beydoun ◽

Michele K. Evans ◽

Alan B. Zonderman ◽

Marie F. Kuczmarski

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Least Square ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of diet quality with middle-aged caregiver status. Methods: Caregiving in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (57.7% women, 62% African American (AA)) was measured at waves 3 (2009–2013) and 4 (2013–2017) (mean follow-up time 4.1 years). Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) derived from two separate 24 h diet recalls. Multivariable ordinary least square regression was performed for cross-sectional analyses of the association of wave 4 caregiving with wave 4 HEI-2010. Wave 3 caregiving was examined both cross-sectionally and with annual rate of change in HEI using mixed-effects linear regression Models. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, and poverty status. Results: Cross-sectional analyses at wave 4 demonstrate an inverse association of frequent caregiving (“Daily or Weekly” vs. “Never”) for grandchildren with HEI-2010 total score (i.e., lower diet quality) among Whites (β = −2.83 ± 1.19, p = 0.03, Model 2) and AAs (β = −1.84 ± 0.79, p = 0.02,). The “cross-sectional” analysis pertaining to grandchildren caregiving frequency suggested that frequent caregiving (i.e., “Daily or Weekly” vs. “Never” (β = −2.90 ± 1.17, p = 0.04)) only among Whites was inversely related to HEI-2010 total score. Total HEI-2010 score was also related to caring (Model 1), for the elderly over “5 years vs. Never” among Whites (−7.31 ± 3.54, p = 0.04, Model 2). Longitudinally, we found slight potential improvement in diet quality over time (“Daily or Weekly” vs. Never by TIME interaction: +0.88 ± 0.38, p = 0.02) with frequent caregiving among Whites, but not so among AAs. Conclusions: Frequent caring for grandchildren had an inverse relationship with the diet quality of White and AA urban middle-aged caregivers, while caring for elderly was inversely linked to diet quality among Whites only. Longitudinal studies should address the paucity of research on caregivers’ nutritional quality.

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The utility of household Grocery Purchase Quality Index scores as an individual diet quality metric

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520004833 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Haley Wynne Parker ◽

Carolina de Araujo ◽

Anne N. Thorndike ◽

Maya Vadiveloo

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Bachelor's Degree ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Household Level ◽

Individual Level ◽

Grocery Purchase

Abstract The validated Grocery Purchase Quality Index (GPQI) reflects concordance between household grocery purchases and US dietary recommendations. However, it is unclear whether GPQI scores calculated from partial purchasing records validly reflect individual-level diet quality. Within the 9-month randomized controlled Smart Cart study examining the effect of targeted coupons on grocery purchase quality (n=209), this secondary analysis examined concordance between the GPQI (range 0-75, scaled to 100) calculated from 3-months of loyalty-card linked partial (≥50%) household grocery purchasing data and individual-level Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores at baseline and 3-months calculated from food frequency questionnaires. HEI and GPQI concordance was assessed with overall and demographic-stratified partially-adjusted correlations; covariate-adjusted percent score differences, cross-classification, and weighted kappa coefficients assessed concordance across GPQI tertiles (T). Participants were mostly middle-aged (55.4(13.9) years), female (90.3%), from non-smoking households (96.4%), without children (70.7%). Mean GPQI (54.8(9.1)%) scores were lower than HEI scores (baseline: 73.2(9.1)%, 3-months: 72.4(9.4)%), and moderately correlated (baseline r=0.41 vs. 3-month r=0.31, p<0.001). Correlations were stronger among participants with ≤ bachelor’s degree, obesity, and children. Concordance was highest in T3. Participants with high (T3) vs. low (T1) GPQI scores had 7.3-10.6 higher odds of having HEI scores >80% at both timepoints. Weighted kappas (k=0.25) indicated moderate agreement between scores. Household-level GPQI derived from partial grocery purchasing data were moderately correlated with self-reported intake, indicating their promise for evaluating diet quality. Partial purchasing data appears to moderately reflect individual diet quality and may be useful in interventions monitoring changes in diet quality.

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Diet Quality among Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas of Hunan Province

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5942

Author(s):

Mingshu Li ◽

Jingcheng Shi ◽

Jing Luo ◽

Qing Long ◽

Qiping Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Linear Regression Models

Diet quality is critical for postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a dietary index developed according to the latest Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG-2016). Our study aimed to assess the diet quality of women with previous GDM in rural areas of Hunan Province by applying the CHEI. Women with previous GDM in two counties of Hunan were enrolled. Their food intake data, which were used to calculate their CHEI scores, were collected by a 24-h dietary recall. The association of CHEI with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables was evaluated via linear regression models. 404 women were included in the final analysis. The mean score of the total CHEI was 54.9 (SD 7.9). The components of whole grains and mixed beans, seeds and nuts, tubers, dairy, and poultry scored extremely low. Ethnic minority groups and women younger than 30 years had lower CHEI scores. Our study observed an unsatisfactory diet quality among women with previous GDM in rural areas of Hunan Province. Future dietary education focusing on the CDG is needed to improve their diet quality and help in T2DM prevention among this population, especially young and ethnic minority women.

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Social Support, but Not Perceived Food Environment, Is Associated with Diet Quality in French-Speaking Canadians from the PREDISE Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11123030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3030 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elise Carbonneau ◽

Benoît Lamarche ◽

Julie Robitaille ◽

Véronique Provencher ◽

Sophie Desroches ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Food Environment ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

French Speaking ◽

Food Recalls ◽

At Home

The objectives were to assess whether social support for healthy eating and perceived food environment are associated with diet quality, and to investigate if sociodemographic characteristics moderate these associations. A probability sample of French-speaking adults from the Province of Québec, Canada, was recruited in the context of the PREDISE study. Participants reported their perceptions of supportive and non-supportive actions related to healthy eating from close others at home and outside of home (n = 952), and of the accessibility to healthy foods (n = 1035). The Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated based on three Web-based 24 h food recalls. Multiple linear regression models showed that supportive (B = 1.50 (95% CI 0.46, 2.54)) and non-supportive (B = −3.06 (95% CI −4.94, −1.18)) actions related to healthy eating from close others at home were positively and negatively associated with C-HEI, respectively, whereas actions from close others outside of home were not. The negative association between non-supportive actions occurring at home and C-HEI was stronger among participants with lower (vs. higher) levels of education (p interaction = 0.03). Perceived accessibility to healthy foods was not associated with C-HEI (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the social environment may have a stronger influence on healthy eating than the perceived physical environment. This adds support for healthy eating promotion programs involving entire families, especially for more socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, whose efforts to eat healthily may be more easily thwarted by non-supportive households.

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More frequent cooking at home is associated with higher Healthy Eating Index-2015 score

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003549 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (13) ◽

pp. 2384-2394 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julia A Wolfson ◽

Cindy W Leung ◽

Caroline R Richardson

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Lower Income ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Income Status ◽

The Usa ◽

At Home

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between cooking frequency and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, overall and by income, among US adults.Design:Cross-sectional analysis using multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between cooking frequency and total HEI-2015 score adjusted for sociodemographic variables, overall and stratified by income.Setting:Nationally representative survey data from the USA.Participants:Adults aged ≥20 years (with 2 d of 24 h dietary recall data) obtained from the 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n 8668).Results:Compared with cooking dinner 0–2 times/week, greater cooking frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 score overall (≥7 times/week: +3·57 points, P < 0·001), among lower-income adults (≥7 times/week: +2·55 points, P = 0·001) and among higher-income adults (≥7 times/week: +5·07 points, P < 0·001). Overall, total HEI-2015 score was higher among adults living in households where dinner was cooked ≥7 times/week (54·54 points) compared with adults living in households where dinner was cooked 0–2 times/week (50·57 points). In households in which dinner was cooked ≥7 times/week, total HEI-2015 score differed significantly based on income status (lower-income: 52·51 points; higher-income: 57·35 points; P = 0·003). Cooking frequency was associated with significant differences in HEI-2015 component scores, but associations varied by income.Conclusions:More frequent cooking at home is associated with better diet quality overall and among lower- and higher-income adults, although the association between cooking and better diet quality is stronger among high-income adults. Strategies are needed to help lower-income Americans consume a healthy diet regardless of how frequently they cook at home.

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The Relationship Between the Frequency of Meals Consumed Away-From-Home on the Total Diet Quality and Weight Status

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 248-248

Author(s):

Ana Moyeda Carabaza ◽

Phrashiah Githinji ◽

Bong Nguyen ◽

Mary Murimi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Weight Status ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Saturated Fats ◽

Total Diet

Abstract Objectives To assess factors that contribute to the total diet quality and the associated body mass index (BMI) among adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 among faculty and staff (N = 152) of a public university. The Food Frequency Questionnaire from the Health and Retirement Study was administered via Qualtrics. Dietary quality was determined using the HEI-2015. Weight, height, number of meals consumed away-from-home per week were self-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic characteristics, number of meals consumed away-from-home, dietary intake, and associated HEI score was calculated. Linear regression models were used to measure associations between the total diet quality, nutrient intakes and the number of away-from-home meals consumed with BMI. Results The average age of participants was 34.3 ± 12.3 years. A majority were female and white Americans (74.3%) and had post-secondary education (79.6%). Approximately, one-third of participants (32.2%) reported having a BMI equal or greater than 30 kg/m2. More than half of the participants exceeded the recommended limit for the consumption of saturated fats (69.7%), and sodium (52.6%); and a majority did not meet the minimum recommended intakes of dietary fiber (96.1%). The average HEI score was 66.34 on a 100-point scale. Only 14.5% had a good dietary quality with a HEI score equal or higher than 80. The number of away-from-home meals consumed per week were associated with an increased intake of trans fatty acids (P < .05), while, increased the consumption of trans fatty acids was associated with an increase in BMI (P < .001) in this study. On the contrary, an increase in the HEI score was associated with a reduction in BMI (P < .05). Conclusions This study found that a high percentage of participants had a low diet quality that was characterized by excessive intake of both saturated fats and sodium and inadequate intake of dietary fiber. In addition, the consumption of meals away-from-home was associated with an increase in the amount of trans fatty acids consumed. Concurrently, the consumption of trans fatty acids was associated with an increase in BMI. These results underscore the importance of eating meals prepared at home in an effort to control weight gain. Funding Sources TTU Transdisciplinary Research Academy.

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