scholarly journals Similar Weight Loss Induces Greater Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Function among Individuals with NAFLD Compared to Individuals without NAFLD

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schübel ◽  
Tobias Nonnenmacher ◽  
Disorn Sookthai ◽  
Sandra Gonzalez Maldonado ◽  
Solomon Sowah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that weight loss among obese has differential metabolic effects depending on the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We assessed whether NAFLD predisposes to differential changes in liver fat content, liver function, and metabolic parameters upon diet-induced weight loss in a 50-week intervention trial. Methods: 143 overweight and obese non-smokers underwent a 12-week dietary intervention and a 38-week follow-up. Diet-induced changes in anthropometric measures, circulating biomarkers, and magnetic resonance (MR)-derived liver fat content and adipose tissue volumes were evaluated by mixed linear models stratifying by NAFLD at baseline. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 52%. Diet-induced weight loss after 12 (NAFLD: 4.8 ± 0.5%, No NAFLD: 5.1 ± 0.5%) and 50 weeks (NAFLD: 3.5 ± 0.7%, No NAFLD: 3.5 ± 0.9%) was similar in both groups, while the decrease in liver fat was significantly greater in the NAFLD group (week 12: 32.9 ± 9.5% vs. 6.3 ± 4.0%; week 50: 23.3 ± 4.4% vs. 5.0 ± 4.2%). Decreases in biomarkers of liver dysfunction (GGT, ALT, AST) and HOMA IR were also significantly greater in the NAFLD group. Other metabolic parameters showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Our data suggest that individuals with NAFLD show greater improvements of liver function and insulin sensitivity after moderate diet-induced weight loss than individuals without NAFLD.

The lowering of hepatic fatty acid uptake improves liver function and insulin sensitivity without affecting hepatic fat content in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. E413-E419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rigazio ◽  
Hanna-Riikka Lehto ◽  
Helena Tuunanen ◽  
Kjell Någren ◽  
Mikko Kankaanpaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Lipolysis may regulate liver free fatty acid (FFA) uptake and triglyceride accumulation; both are potential causes of insulin resistance and liver damage. We evaluated whether 1) systemic FFA release is the major determinant of liver FFA uptake in fasting humans in vivo and 2) the beneficial metabolic effects of FFA lowering can be explained by a reduction in liver triglyceride content. Sixteen healthy subjects were subdivided in two groups of similar characteristics to undergo positron emission tomography with [11C]acetate and [11C]palmitate to quantify liver FFA metabolism ( n = 8), or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure hepatic fat content ( n = 8), before and after the acute lowering of circulating FFAs by using the antilipolytic agent acipimox. MRS was again repeated after a 1-wk treatment period. Acipimox suppressed FFA levels while stimulating hepatic fractional extraction of FFAs ( P < 0.05). As a result, fasting liver FFA uptake was decreased by 79% ( P = 0.0002) in tight association with lipolysis ( r = 0.996, P < 0.0001). The 1-wk treatment induced a significant improvement in systemic (+30%) and liver (+70%) insulin sensitivity ( P < 0.05) and decreased circulating triglycerides (−20%, P = 0.06) and liver enzymes (ALT −20%, P = 0.03). No change in liver fat content was observed after either acute or sustained FFA suppression. We conclude that acute and sustained inhibitions of lipolysis and liver FFA uptake fail to deplete liver fat in healthy human subjects. Liver FFA uptake was decreased in proportion to FFA delivery. As a consequence, liver and systemic insulin sensitivity were improved, together with liver function, independently of changes in hepatic triglyceride accumulation.

Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)—Plasma Liver Function Tests Reflect Change in Liver Fat Content in Early Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1834-P
Author(s):  
SVIATLANA V. ZHYZHNEUSKAYA ◽  
AHMAD AL-MRABEH ◽  
CARL PETERS ◽  
ALISON C. BARNES ◽  
KIEREN G. HOLLINGSWORTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Liver Fat Content

scholarly journals No Independent Association of Circulating Fetuin-A with Insulin Sensitivity in Young Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
Sabrina Reif ◽  
Sarah Moschko ◽  
Christina Gar ◽  
Uta Ferrari ◽  
Nina Hesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Independent Association

AbstractAnimal data link high circulating fetuin-A to low insulin sensitivity and observational studies identify the hepatokine as a marker of future incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. However, a recent, well-powered Mendelian randomization study finds no causal role. We therefore tested in a deeply-phenotyped human cohort if circulating fetuin-A correlates independently with insulin sensitivity and how it relates to the metabolic syndrome and ectopic fat deposition. We analyzed data from 290 young women with and without recent gestational diabetes mellitus. We found that circulating fetuin-A correlates inversely with insulin sensitivity in univariate analyses, but that this correlation is lost after adjustment for markers of the metabolic syndrome and of fatty liver. Additionally, we investigated which fat compartment associates most strongly with circulating fetuin-A. In whole body MRI data from a subcohort of 152 women, this was liver fat content. We conclude that high circulating fetuin-A occurs as part of the metabolic syndrome in young women and associates most strongly with liver fat content. Its close link to the metabolic syndrome may also cause the inverse correlation of circulating fetuin-A with insulin sensitivity as we found no independent association.

scholarly journals Insulin Sensitivity Is Correlated with Subcutaneous but Not Visceral Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2122-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maffeis ◽  
Riccardo Manfredi ◽  
Maddalena Trombetta ◽  
Silvia Sordelli ◽  
Monica Storti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Prepubertal Children

Abstract Aim: Our aim was to explore the relationship between insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, ectopic (liver and skeletal muscle) fat deposition, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and inflammation markers (highly sensitive C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in prepubertal children. Subjects and Methods: Thirty overweight and obese children (16 males and 14 females with body mass index z-score range of 1.1–3.2) were recruited. Body fat distribution and fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by iv glucose tolerance test. Results: Insulin sensitivity was associated with sc abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) (r = −0.52; P &lt; 0.01) and liver fat content (r = −0.44; P &lt; 0.02) but not with visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) (r = −0.193; P value not significant) and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle (r = −0.210; P value not significant). Adipokines, but not inflammation markers, were significantly correlated to insulin sensitivity. VAT correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.55; P &lt; 0.01) as well as adiponectin (r = −0.53; P &lt;0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that only SAT and liver fat content were independently correlated to insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.01; 20 and 16% of explained variance, respectively). Conclusions: In overweight and moderately obese prepubertal children, insulin sensitivity was negatively correlated with SAT and liver fat content. Furthermore, contrary to adults, VAT and inflammation markers were not correlated with insulin sensitivity in children.

Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. E1709-E1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotronen ◽  
Satu Vehkavaara ◽  
Anneli Seppälä-Lindroos ◽  
Robert Bergholm ◽  
Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Impaired Insulin

A fatty liver is associated with fasting hyperinsulinemia, which could reflect either impaired insulin clearance or hepatic insulin action. We determined the effect of liver fat on insulin clearance and hepatic insulin sensitivity in 80 nondiabetic subjects [age 43 ± 1 yr, body mass index (BMI) 26.3 ± 0.5 kg/m2]. Insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance were measured by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (insulin infusion rate 0.3 mU·kg−1·min−1for 240 min) clamp technique combined with the infusion of [3-3H]glucose and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. During hyperinsulinemia, both serum insulin concentrations and increments above basal remained ∼40% higher ( P < 0.0001) in the high (15.0 ± 1.5%) compared with the low (1.8 ± 0.2%) liver fat group, independent of age, sex, and BMI. Insulin clearance (ml·kg fat free mass−1·min−1) was inversely related to liver fat content ( r = −0.52, P < 0.0001), independent of age, sex, and BMI ( r = −0.37, P = 0.001). The variation in insulin clearance due to that in liver fat (range 0–41%) explained on the average 27% of the variation in fasting serum (fS)-insulin concentrations. The contribution of impaired insulin clearance to fS-insulin concentrations increased as a function of liver fat. This implies that indirect indexes of insulin sensitivity, such as homeostatic model assessment, overestimate insulin resistance in subjects with high liver fat content. Liver fat content correlated significantly with fS-insulin concentrations adjusted for insulin clearance ( r = 0.43, P < 0.0001) and with directly measured hepatic insulin sensitivity ( r = −0.40, P = 0.0002). We conclude that increased liver fat is associated with both impaired insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance. Hepatic insulin sensitivity associates with liver fat content, independent of insulin clearance.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors in Relation to Liver Fat Content: A Cross-sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Watzinger ◽  
Tobias Nonnenmacher ◽  
Mirja Grafetstätter ◽  
Solomon A. Sowah ◽  
Cornelia M. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to functional liver impairment and severe comorbidities. Beyond energy balance, several dietary factors may increase NAFLD risk, but human studies are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between food consumption (47 food groups, derived Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet quality scores) and liver fat content (continuous scale and NAFLD, i.e., >5% liver fat content). Liver fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 136 individuals (BMI: 25–40 kg/m2, age: 35–65, 50.7% women) and food intake was recorded by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Associations between food items and liver fat were evaluated by multi-variable regression models. Intakes of cake and cookies as well legumes were inversely associated with liver fat content, while positive associations with intakes of high-fat dairy and cheese were observed. Only cake and cookie intake also showed an inverse association with NAFLD. This inverse association was unexpected, but not affected by adjustment for reporting bias. Both diet quality scores were inversely associated with liver fat content and NAFLD. Thus, as smaller previous intervention studies, our results suggest that higher diet quality is related to lower liver fat, but larger trials with iso-caloric interventions are needed to corroborate these findings.

scholarly journals Potential effects of reduced red meat compared with increased fiber intake on glucose metabolism and liver fat content: a randomized and controlled dietary intervention study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Willmann ◽  
Martin Heni ◽  
Katarzyna Linder ◽  
Robert Wagner ◽  
Norbert Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Meat Intake

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological studies suggest that an increased red meat intake is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas an increased fiber intake is associated with a lower risk. Objectives We conducted an intervention study to investigate the effects of these nutritional factors on glucose and lipid metabolism, body-fat distribution, and liver fat content in subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods This prospective, randomized, and controlled dietary intervention study was performed over 6 mo. All groups decreased their daily caloric intake by 400 kcal. The “control” group (N = 40) only had this requirement. The “no red meat” group (N = 48) in addition aimed to avoid the intake of red meat, and the “fiber” group (N = 44) increased intake of fibers to 40 g/d. Anthropometric parameters and frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after intervention. Body-fat mass and distribution, liver fat, and liver iron content were assessed by MRI and single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Participants in all groups lost weight (mean 3.3 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.0001). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity improved (P < 0.001), and body and visceral fat mass decreased in all groups (P < 0.001). These changes did not differ between groups. Liver fat content decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with no differences between the groups. The decrease in liver fat correlated with the decrease in ferritin during intervention (r2 = 0.08, P = 0.0021). This association was confirmed in an independent lifestyle intervention study (Tuebingen Lifestyle Intervention Program, N = 229, P = 0.0084). Conclusions Our data indicate that caloric restriction leads to a marked improvement in glucose metabolism and body-fat composition, including liver-fat content. The marked reduction in liver fat might be mediated via changes in ferritin levels. In the context of caloric restriction, there seems to be no additional beneficial impact of reduced red meat intake and increased fiber intake on the improvement in cardiometabolic risk parameters. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03231839.

Hitting a triple in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease field: sucrose intake in adulthood increases fat content in the female but not in the male rat offspring of dams fed a gestational low-protein diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nicolás-Toledo ◽  
M. Cervantes-Rodríguez ◽  
E. Cuevas-Romero ◽  
D. L. Corona-Quintanilla ◽  
E. Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The excessive consumption of carbohydrates is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in infants and adults. The effect of combining maternal malnutrition and a high carbohydrate intake on the development of NAFLD in adulthood remains unknown. We therefore hypothesized that consumption of 5% sucrose by the offspring of dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy promotes liver fat accumulation and oxidative damage differently in females and males. To test this, 12-month-old female and male offspring of mothers fed a Control (C) or low-protein diet (Restricted, R) were provided with either tap water or 5% sucrose for a period of 10 weeks. Livers were excised to measure the fat content and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTyr) immunostaining; serum samples were also obtained to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data were analyzed using a non-repeated measures three-way analysis of variance to determine significant differences (P<0.05) regarding to the interaction among maternal diet, sucrose consumption and sex. Results showed that the liver fat content of females from R mothers was higher than that of their male counterpart. Hepatic 3-NTyr immunostaining and serum MDA concentrations were not affected by the interaction involving maternal diet, sucrose consumption and sex. Otherwise, liver fat content was correlated with the hepatic 3-NTyr immunostaining and serum MDA concentrations only in females. Thus, sucrose intake in adulthood increases fat content in the female but not in the male rat offspring of dams fed with a low-protein diet during pregnancy. This research emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet during pregnancy and the influence of the diet on the adult offspring.

scholarly journals Effect of pilates training on hepatic fat content and liver enzymes in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Qazvin

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziba Keymasi ◽  
Abbas Sadeghi ◽  
Hassan Pourrazi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background and aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with fat accumulation and deposition in liver cells, is a serious risk factor for other diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates training on hepatic fat content and liver enzymes in men with NAFLD in 2019. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 men with NAFLD were randomly divided into Pilates training (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The Pilates group participated in the Pilates training program for eight weeks (three 60-minute sessions per week), whereas the control group engaged in no regular physical activity. The body composition, anthropometric indices, liver fat content, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured before and after the training period. Eventually, data were analyzed using paired and independent t tests at a significance level of 0.05 by SPSS 18. Results: After eight weeks of Pilates training, liver fat content in the Pilates group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.001). Further, the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP significantly decreased in the Pilates group compared to the control group (P=0.04, P=0.05, and P=0.02, respectively). In addition, eight weeks of Pilates training significantly reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and the waist-to-hip ratio of patients, while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that Pilates training could be effective in improving liver fat content and reducing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in men with NAFLD. Furthermore, Pilates training helps to improve body composition and anthropometric indices in patients afflicted with NAFLD and can have a role in the management of this condition.

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