scholarly journals Caffeinated Gel Ingestion Enhances Jump Performance, Muscle Strength, and Power in Trained Men

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Venier ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Pavle Mikulic
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Angular Velocities

We aimed to explore the effects of caffeinated gel ingestion on neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained men. The participants (n = 17; mean ± standard deviation (SD): age 23 ± 2 years, height 183 ± 5 cm, body mass 83 ± 11 kg) completed two testing conditions that involved ingesting a caffeinated gel (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo. The testing outcomes included: (1) vertical jump height in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ); (2) knee extension and flexion peak torque and average power at angular velocities of 60°·s−1 and 180°·s−1; (3) barbell velocity in the bench press with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM); and (4) peak power output in a test on a rowing ergometer. Compared to the placebo, caffeine improved: (1) SJ (p = 0.039; Cohen’s d effect size (d) = 0.18; +2.9%) and CMJ height (p = 0.011; d = 0.18; +3.3%); (2) peak torque and average power in the knee extensors at both angular velocities (d ranged from 0.21 to 0.37; percent change from +3.5% to +6.9%), peak torque (p = 0.034; d = 0.24; +4.6%), and average power (p = 0.015; d = 0.32; +6.7%) at 60°·s−1 in the knee flexors; (3) barbell velocity at 50% 1RM (p = 0.021; d = 0.33; +3.5%), 75% 1RM (p < 0.001; d = 0.42; +5.4%), and 90% 1RM (p < 0.001; d = 0.59, +12.0%). We conclude that the ingestion of caffeinated gels may acutely improve vertical jump performance, strength, and power in resistance-trained men.

Acute Enhancement of Jump Performance, Muscle Strength, and Power in Resistance-Trained Men After Consumption of Caffeinated Chewing Gum

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1415-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Venier ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Pavle Mikulic
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Ergometer Test

Purpose: To explore the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on vertical-jump performance, isokinetic knee-extension/flexion strength and power, barbell velocity in resistance exercise, and whole-body power. Methods: Nineteen resistance-trained men consumed, in randomized counterbalanced order, either caffeinated chewing gum (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo and completed exercise testing that included squat jump; countermovement jump; isokinetic knee extension and knee flexion at angular velocities of 60 and 180°·s−1; bench-press exercise with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and an “all-out” rowing-ergometer test. Results: Compared with placebo, caffeinated chewing gum enhanced (all Ps < .05) (1) vertical-jump height in the squat jump (effect size [ES] = 0.21; +3.7%) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.27; +4.6%); (2) knee-extension peak torque (ES = 0.21; +3.6%) and average power (ES = 0.25; +4.5%) at 60°·s−1 and knee-extension average power (ES = 0.30; +5.2%) at 180°·s−1, and knee-flexion peak torque at 60°·s−1 (ES = 0.22; +4.1%) and 180°·s−1 (ES = 0.31; +5.9%); (3) barbell velocity at 50% of 1RM (ES = 0.30; +3.2%), 75% of 1RM (ES = 0.44; +5.7%), and 90% of 1RM (ES = 0.43; +9.1%); and (4) whole-body peak power on the rowing-ergometer test (ES = 0.41; +5.0%). Average power of the knee flexors did not change at either angular velocity with caffeine consumption. Conclusions: Caffeinated chewing gum with a dose of caffeine of 300 mg consumed 10 min preexercise may acutely enhance vertical-jump height, isokinetic strength and power of the lower-body musculature, barbell velocity in the bench-press exercise with moderate to high loads, and whole-body power.

Functional Screening Tests: Interrelationships and Ability to Predict Vertical Jump Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu Loturco ◽  
Lucas Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Kobal ◽  
Cesar Abad ◽  
William Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Angular Velocities

AbstractThere are several methods used in sports science to identify asymmetries in athletes, given their purported relevance to injury prevention and performance optimization. We aimed to verify whether asymmetries provided by isokinetic assessments, jump tests, and tensiomyography (TMG) are associated with each other, and whether their respective functional indices are related to jumping ability. TMG parameters, unilateral and bilateral squat-jump (SJ) and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performances, and peak torque in knee-extension and flexion with angular velocities of 60o/s and 300o/s for twenty-four soccer players were retained for analyses. Asymmetry was detected by examining the percentage difference between dominant and non-dominant legs. The median-split technique was used to identify the best and worst performers in SJ and CMJ tests. Results revealed that the asymmetries detected in the three different methods were not interrelated. Curiously, better performances in SJ and CMJ tests were associated with higher asymmetry levels. Furthermore, only the knee-extension peak torque at both angular velocities was correlated moderately to largely (r=0.48-0.66) with jump performance. Despite their recognized ability to predict the risk of injury, the absence of interrelationships between TMG, isokinetic tests, and unilateral jumps precludes their single use as a unique functional screening diagnostic. Finally, and very importantly, lower-limb asymmetry is not necessarily related to impaired vertical jump performance in soccer players.

Power output and fatigue of human muscle in maximal cycling exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McCartney ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output

We studied maximal torque-velocity relationships and fatigue during short-term maximal exercise on a constant velocity cycle ergometer in 13 healthy male subjects. Maximum torque showed an inverse linear relationship to crank velocity between 60 and 160 rpm, and a direct relationship to thigh muscle volume measured by computerized tomography. Peak torque per liter thigh muscle volume (PT, N X ml-1) was related to crank velocity (CV, rpm) in the following equation: PT = 61.7 - 0.234 CV (r = 0.99). Peak power output was a parabolic function of crank velocity in individual subjects, but maximal power output was achieved at varying crank velocities in different subjects. Fiber type distribution was measured in the two subjects showing the greatest differences and demonstrated that a high proportion of type II fibers may be one factor associated with a high crank velocity for maximal power output. The decline in average power during 30 s of maximal effort was least at 60 rpm (23.7 +/- 4.6% of initial maximal power) and greatest at 140 rpm (58.7 +/- 6.5%). At 60 rpm the decline in power over 30 s was inversely related to maximal oxygen uptake (ml X min-1 X kg-1) (r = 0.69). Total work performed and plasma lactate concentration 3 min after completion of 30-s maximum effort were similar for each crank velocity.

Can Hip Joint Position affect Quadriceps Muscle Responses during Knee Extension Exercise?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 929-935
Author(s):  
Denis César Leite Vieira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Araujo Dourado ◽  
Lucas Ugliara ◽  
Joao Luiz Quagliotti Durigan ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

AbstractThis study investigated the acute effects of seated and supine knee extension exercise on muscle swelling, torque, and work output. Twelve resistance-trained men performed two isokinetic concentric-only knee-extension training protocols at different hip positions in a counter-balanced order. They completed the knee extension exercise in the seated (hip angle at 85°) and supine (hip angle at 180°) positions. The torque and work output were assessed during each set. Moreover, muscle thickness of the middle and proximal vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were evaluated before and after each protocol and used as an indicator of muscle swelling. Middle rectus femoris and proximal vastus lateralis thickness increased significantly (p=0.01) with no difference between exercise variations. However, the middle vastus lateralis thickness increased (p=0.01) only after the seated knee extension exercise (~7%). Knee extensors’ peak torque and work output were approximately 8% higher (p=0.04) in the seated when compared to the supine hip position. There was a similar decrease in torque and work output throughout both protocols (p=0.98). In conclusion, seated knee extension exercises produced greater torque, work output, and muscle swelling in the vastus lateralis when compared to the supine knee extension exercise.

scholarly journals Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Best ◽  
Dani Temm ◽  
Holly Hucker ◽  
Kerin McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to assess the effects of repeated menthol mouth swilling upon strength and power performance. Nineteen (10 male) participants completed familiarisation and experimental trials of repeated menthol mouth swilling (0.1% concentration) or control (no swill) in a randomised crossover design. Participants performed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP; peak and mean force; N), vertical jump (peak; cm) and six second sprint (peak and mean power; W) under each condition. Participants completed three efforts per exercise task interspersed with three-minute recoveries. Mean best values were analysed via a two-way mixed repeated measures ANOVA, and differences reported as effect sizes ± 95% confidence intervals, with accompanying descriptors and p values. Differences in peak IMTP values were unclear between familiarisation and experimental trials, and between menthol and control conditions. Mean IMTP force differed between familiarisation and control (0.51; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.001) and familiarisation and menthol conditions (0.50; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.002) by a small degree, but were unclear between control and menthol conditions. Unclear differences were also noted on vertical jump performance compared to familiarisation and between experimental conditions, with repeated six second peak and average power performance also showing unclear effects across all comparisons. We conclude that repeated menthol mouth swilling does not improve strength or power performance.

scholarly journals Strength, Jump Heights and Physical Characteristics of Young Male Basketball Players by Their Positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Niyazi Sıdkı Adıgüzel
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Absolute Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
High Level

The aim of the study is to compare isokinetic leg strengths and jump performances of basketball players playing at different positions. A total of 34 basketball players (guards (n=13), forwards (n=13) and centers (n=7)) from 17 teams of Turkish Basketball Development League participated in the study. The isokinetic strength tests were performed for the dominant limb at two different angular speeds (60°s-1 and 180°s-1) and the extensor and flexor peak torques (EPT and FPT) were recorded. The strengths produced according to weight were taken as relative EPT and FPT. Jump tests were performed in three categories: free jump, 120° squat jump and active jump. Multivariate variance analysis (ANOVA) was used to compare players' scores in strength and jump tests by their positions. In the comparison of the positions, the guards were shorter and slimmer than the forwards and centers (p <0.05), and they were found to have less BMI values than the centers. The absolute strength values obtained with knee extension peak torques for both angular velocities were higher in the centers than the guards (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the relative strength values. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups for other parameters and all jump parameters (p> 0.05). Consequently, it can be stated that there are physical differences among high-level young basketball players by their positions and absolute quadriceps strengths of the centers may be higher than of the guards.

scholarly journals The relationships between knee extensors/ flexors strength and balance control in elite male soccer players

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12461
Author(s):  
Robert Śliwowski ◽  
Jakub Marynowicz ◽  
Łukasz Jadczak ◽  
Monika Grygorowicz ◽  
Paweł Kalinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Postural System ◽  
The Relationship

Background Strength and balance are important factors for soccer players to be successful. This study’s aim was to determine the relationship between lower-limb muscle strength and balance control in elite male soccer players (n = 77). Methods Concentric isokinetic strength (peak torque of quadriceps (PT-Q) and hamstrings (PT-H), hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio) was measured for the dominant and non-dominant leg at angular velocities of 60°s−1and 240°s−1, as well as the total work for extensors (TW-Q) and flexors (TW-H) for both legs (at an angular velocity of 240°s−1only). Balance score (BAL score) was used for unilateral assessment of balance control using a Delos Postural System Test measurement tool. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to predict balance control using isokinetic knee strength performance for dominant and non-dominant legs. Results Final modelling included peak torque of hamstrings at 240°s−1 and peak torque of the quadriceps at 240°s−1 for the non-dominant leg (R2 = 19.6%; p ≤ 0.001) and only peak hamstring torque at 240°s−1 for the dominant leg (R2 = 11.3%; p = 0.003) as significant predictors of balance score. Conclusion Findings indicate that balance control is widely influenced by peak hamstring torque and peak quadriceps torque at high angular velocity particularly in the non-dominant leg i.e., the supporting leg in soccer players.

scholarly journals Stretch-Shortening Cycle in Countermovement Jump: Exclusive Review of Force-Time Curve Variables in Eccentric and Concentric Phases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Cheraghi ◽  
Javad Sarvestan ◽  
Masoud Sebyani ◽  
Elham Shirzad
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Force Time

The importance of vertical jump in sport fields and rehabilitation is widely recognized. Furthermore, Force-Time variables of vertical jump are factors affecting jumping height. Exclusive review of each of this variables, in eccentric and concentric phases, can lead to a specific focus on them during jumping exercises. So, the aims of his study were to a) reviewing the relationship between force-time curve variables of eccentric and concentric phases with jump height and b) description of this variables in Iran national youth volleyball players society. This is an observational study. 12 elite volleyball player (Male, Iran national youth volleyball players, 17&plusmn;0.7 years) have participated in this study. Correlation between Force-Time variables - included peak force (PF), relative peak force (RPP), peak power (PP), average power (AP), relative peak power (RPP), and Modified Reactive Strength Index (MRSI) - in eccentric and concentric phases and ultimate jump height has been studied. Results showed that the average power (r=0.7) and relative peak force (r=0.75) of concentric phase and MRSI (r=0.83) have significant correlation with ultimate jump height (JH). Relative peak power and average power of concentric phase can massively effect Jump Height in sports like volleyball, which vertical jump is an integral part of them. Focus on both of these factors, which has been studied in this research, in training programs, can improve athlete jump performance significantly.

scholarly journals Differences in Trunk Strength Between Weightlifters and Wrestlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Ben Moussa Zouita ◽  
Sghaier Zouita ◽  
Catherine Dziri ◽  
Matt Brughelli ◽  
David G. Behm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trunk Extension ◽  
Trunk Strength

AbstractInvestigations of trunk strength with high-level athletes are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare maximal concentric isokinetic trunk extension and flexion torque, power, and strength ratios between high-level weightlifters (n = 20), wrestlers (n = 20) and a control (n = 25) population. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque, power and strength ratios during seated trunk extension/flexion actions at 60°/s and 180°/s. There were no significant anthropometric differences between groups. Overall, trunk isokinetic force variables as a function of the increase in angular velocity, showed a decrease in peak torque, but an increase in power (athletes and controls). Compared to the control group, athletes demonstrated significantly higher trunk extension torque (+67.05 N·m, ES = 0.81) and power (+49.28 N·m, ES = 0.82) at 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively. Athletes produced significantly greater trunk flexion-extension ratios at 60°/s and 180°/s (ES = 0.80-0.47) than controls. Weightlifters and wrestlers exhibited significantly higher extensor than flexor torque at all angular velocities. Weightlifters demonstrated greater torque (ES = 0.79) than wrestlers at 60°/s. The wrestlers’ average power was significantly higher (ES = 0.43) than weightlifters at 180°/s. There were no significant ratio differences between wrestlers (66.23%) and weightlifters (72.06%). Weightlifters had stronger extensor muscles at 60°/s, whereas wrestlers had higher power at 180°/s for extensor muscles. It was postulated that the extensor muscles were stronger than the flexors to ensure trunk stabilisation, and for prevention of injuries. These differences seem to be associated to the movements that occur in each sport in terms of both muscle actions and contractile forces.

scholarly journals Isokinetic evaluation of knee muscles in soccer players: discriminant analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fles Mazuquin ◽  
Ligia Maxwell Pereira ◽  
Josilainne Marcelino Dias ◽  
João Pedro Batista Junior ◽  
Mônica Angélica Cardoso Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flexion And Extension

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle activity in soccer players can be measured by isokinetic dynamometer, which is a reliable tool for assessing human performance. Objectives: To perform isokinetic analyses and to determine which variables differentiate the under-17 (U17) soccer category from the professional (PRO). Methods: Thirty four players were assessed (n=17 for each category). The isokinetic variables used for the knee extension-flexion analysis were: peak torque (Nm), total work (J), average power (W), angle of peak torque (deg.), agonist/ antagonist ratio (%), measured for three velocities (60°/s, 120°/s and 300°/s), with each series containing five repetitions. Three Wilks' Lambda discriminant analyses were performed, to identify which variables were more significant for the definition of each of the categories. Results: The discriminative variables at 60°/s in the PRO category were: extension peak torque, flexion total work, extension average power and agonist/antagonist ratio; and for the U17s were: extension total work, flexion peak torque and flexion average power. At 120°/s for the PRO category the discriminant variables were: flexion peak torque and extension average power; for the U17s they were: extension total work and flexion average power. Finally at 300°/s, the variables found in the PRO and U17 categories respectively were: extension average power and extension total work. Conclusion: Isokinetic variables for flexion and extension knee muscles were able to significantly discriminate between PRO and U17 soccer players.

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