scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 Modulates Intestinal-Specific Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Immunological Profiles in Aging Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Rohit Gundamaraju ◽  
Tanvi Shinde ◽  
Agampodi Promoda Perera ◽  
Waheedha Basheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Distribution of the microbiota varies according to the location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Thus, dysbiosis during aging may not be limited to faecal microbiota and extend to the other parts of the GI tract, especially the cecum and colon. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, a probiotic strain, has been shown to modulate faecal microbiota and its associated metabolic phenotype in aging mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of L. acidophilus DDS-1 supplementation on caecal- and mucosal-associated microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immunological profiles in young and aging C57BL/6J mice. Besides differences in the young and aging control groups, we observed microbial shifts in caecal and mucosal samples, leading to an alteration in SCFA levels and immune response. DDS-1 treatment increased the abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia spp. and Lactobacillus spp. more effectively in caecal samples than in mucosal samples. DDS-1 also enhanced the levels of butyrate, while downregulating the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1α, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-12 and IFN-γ) in serum and colonic explants. Our findings suggest distinct patterns of intestinal microbiota, improvements in SCFA and immunological profiles with DDS-1 supplementation in aging mice.

The Consumption of Galactomannan Effervescent Drinks made from Coconut Pulp Waste and Colonic Microbiota in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sri Winarti ◽  
Agung Pasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The consumption of prebiotics is known to affect the balance of gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore how a galactomannan-rich effervescent drink can affect the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (aged 2 months) were divided equally into 7 groups and treated orally each day for 15 days with 2 mL effervescent drinks with increasing levels of prebiotic galactomannan. The dosage of 500 mg galactomannan increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. with inhibition of the growth of E.coli with increased formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the cecum of rats.

scholarly journals Correction to: Prebiotic effect of inulin‑type fructans on faecal microbiota and short‑chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3339-3340
Author(s):  
Eline Birkeland ◽  
Sedegheh Gharagozlian ◽  
Kåre I. Birkeland ◽  
Jørgen Valeur ◽  
Ingrid Måge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The presentation of Fig. 4 was incorrect.

Faecal microbiota from patients with cirrhosis has a low capacity to ferment non‐digestible carbohydrates into short‐chain fatty acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Jin ◽  
Sylvia Kalainy ◽  
Nami Baskota ◽  
Diana Chiang ◽  
Edward C. Deehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Profiles in Aging Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Tanvi Shinde ◽  
Rohit Gundamaraju ◽  
Shakuntla Gondalia ◽  
Avinash Karpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota shifts can alter host metabolism even during healthy aging. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, a probiotic strain, has shown promising probiotic character in vitro, as well as in clinical studies. The present study was carried out to investigate whether DDS-1 can modulate the host metabolic phenotype under the condition of age-affected gut microbial shifts in young and aging C57BL/6J mice. Collected fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying gut microbiota and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis. Gut microbial shifts were observed in the control groups (young and aging), leading to an alteration in metabolism. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of microbiota indicated distinct separation in both the DDS-1-treated groups. L. acidophilus DDS-1 increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus spp., and reduced the relative levels of opportunistic bacteria such as Proteobacteria spp. Metabolic pathway analysis identified 10 key pathways involving amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. These findings suggest that modulation of gut microbiota by DDS-1 results in improvement of metabolic phenotype in the aging mice.

Three main short-chain fatty acids inhibit the activation of THP-1 cells by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wen ◽  
Dai Xiaoyue ◽  
Ding Longkun ◽  
Xi Yue ◽  
Yan Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The overactivation of macrophages causes chronic inflammatory diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), potential drugs for clinical treatment, are modulators of macrophage inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the modulation of macrophage-mediated cell activity is expected to become a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In this study, 2 kinds of SCFAs (propionate and butyrate) were found to have anti-inflammatory effects in M. pneumoniae-stimulated THP-1 cells inflammatory. They inhibited the expressions of IL-4, IL-6, ROS, and NLRP3 inflammasome, while enhancing the expressions of IL-10 and IFN-γ. Our study revealed these 2 agents to repress transcriptional activities of NF-κB, which are important modulators of inflammation. Meanwhile, SCFAs can significantly enhance the autophagy induced by M. pneumoniae. Considering that SCFAs have few side effects, they might be the promising adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Are Nonnutritive Sweeteners Obesogenic? Associations between Diet, Faecal Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Morbidly Obese Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per G. Farup ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Jørgen Valeur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Obesity has been associated with changes in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. The study explored changes in the faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) associated with the diet (including nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs)) and evaluated metabolic consequences in subjects with morbid obesity. The diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. One unit of NNSs was 100 mL beverage with NNSs or 2 tablets/teaspoons of NNSs. The faecal microbiota was assessed with GA-map® dysbiosis test and SCFA with gas chromatography and flame ionisation detection. Fourteen men and 75 women with a mean age of 44.6 (SD 8.7) years, BMI 41.8 (SD 3.6) kg/m2, and intake of NNSs 7.5 units/day (SD 3.2; range 0–43) were included. Faecal butyric acid was positively and negatively associated with the intake of starch (partial correlation = 0.264; p=0.015) and NNSs (partial correlation = −0.274; p=0.011), respectively. NNSs were associated with changes in four out of 39 bacterial groups. Butyric acid has antiobesogenic effects, reduces insulin resistance, and improves dyslipidaemia. Since the weight-reducing effect of NNSs on obese adults trying to lose weight is dubious, it seems imprudent to use NNSs that might counteract the favourable effects of butyric acid.

scholarly journals Glycomacropeptide is a prebiotic that reduces Desulfovibrio bacteria, increases cecal short-chain fatty acids, and is anti-inflammatory in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (7) ◽  
pp. G590-G601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Sawin ◽  
Travis J. De Wolfe ◽  
Busra Aktas ◽  
Bridget M. Stroup ◽  
Sangita G. Murali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Ion Torrent Pgm ◽  
Plasma Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid (AA) glycophosphopeptide with application to the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU), obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GMP is a putative prebiotic based on extensive glycosylation with sialic acid, galactose, and galactosamine. Our objective was to determine the prebiotic properties of GMP by characterizing cecal and fecal microbiota populations, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and immune responses. Weanling PKU ( Pah enu2) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice were fed isoenergetic AA, GMP, or casein diets for 8 wk. The cecal content and feces were collected for microbial DNA extraction to perform 16S microbiota analysis by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing. SCFA were determined by gas chromatography, plasma cytokines via a Bio-Plex Pro assay, and splenocyte T cell populations by flow cytometry. Changes in cecal and fecal microbiota are primarily diet dependent. The GMP diet resulted in a reduction from 30–35 to 7% in Proteobacteria, genera Desulfovibrio, in both WT and PKU mice with genotype-dependent changes in Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes. Cecal concentrations of the SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate were increased with GMP. The percentage of stimulated spleen cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was significantly reduced in mice fed GMP compared with casein. In summary, plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 were reduced in mice fed GMP. GMP is a prebiotic based on reduction in Desulfovibrio, increased SCFA, and lower indexes of inflammation compared with casein and AA diets in mice. Functional foods made with GMP may be beneficial in the management of PKU, obesity, and IBD.

scholarly journals Developing a model for estimating the activity of colonic microbes after intestinal surgeries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253542
Author(s):  
Andrew Marcus ◽  
Taylor L. Davis ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann ◽  
John K. DiBaise ◽  
Elvis A. Carnero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Dominant Form

Background The large intestine provides a compensatory role in energy recovery when surgical interventions such as extensive small intestinal resections or bypass operations lower the efficiency of nutrient absorption in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. While microorganisms in the colon are known to play vital roles in recovering energy, their contributions remain to be qualified and quantified in the small intestine resection. Objective We develop a mathematical model that links nutrient absorption in the upper and lower GI tract in two steps. Methods First, we describe the effects of small intestine resection on the ileocecal output (ICO), which enters the colon and provides food for microbes. Second, we describe energy recovered by the colon’s microorganisms via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We obtain model parameters by performing a least-squares regression analysis on clinical data for subjects with normal physiology and those who had undergone small intestine resection. Results For subjects with their intestines intact, our model provided a metabolizable energy value that aligns well with the traditional Atwater coefficients. With removal of the small intestine, physiological absorption became less efficient, and the metabolizable energy decreased. In parallel, the inefficiencies in physiological absorption by the small intestine are partly compensated by production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) from proteins and carbohydrates by microorganisms in the colon. The colon recovered more than half of the gross energy intake when the entire small intestine was removed. Meanwhile, the quality of energy absorbed changed, because microbe-derived SCFAs, not the original components of food, become the dominant form of absorbed energy. Conclusion The mathematical model developed here provides an important framework for describing the effect of clinical interventions on the colon’s microorganisms.

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