scholarly journals Food Addiction in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Analysis of Clusters and Implications for Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
Zaida Agüera ◽  
Georgios Paslakis ◽  
Lucero Munguia ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Levels

Food addiction (FA) has been associated with greater psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and obesity (OBE). The current study aims to provide a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct by conducting a clustering analysis of FA in both conditions (ED and OBE). The total sample was comprised of 234 participants that scored positive on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. (YFAS-2) (119 bulimia nervosa (BN), 50 binge eating disorder (BED), 49 other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) and 16 OBE). All participants completed a comprehensive battery of questionnaires. Three clusters of FA participants were identified. Cluster 1 (dysfunctional) was characterized by the highest prevalence of OSFED and BN, the highest ED severity and psychopathology, and more dysfunctional personality traits. Cluster 2 (moderate) showed a high prevalence of BN and BED and moderate levels of ED psychopathology. Finally, cluster 3 (adaptive) was characterized by a high prevalence of OBE and BED, low levels of ED psychopathology, and more functional personality traits. In conclusion, this study identified three distinct clusters of ED-OBE patients with FA and provides some insight into a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct when considering psychopathology, personality and ED pathology. Future studies should address whether these three food addiction categories are indicative of therapy outcome.

scholarly journals The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Bou Khalil ◽  
Ghassan Sleilaty ◽  
Sami Richa ◽  
Maude Seneque ◽  
Sylvain Iceta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.

scholarly journals Food addiction and lifetime alcohol and illicit drugs use in specific eating disorders

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Personality Profiles

Abstract Background and aims Food addiction (FA) and substance use (SU) have frequently been reported in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Our study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of FA and/or lifetime problematic alcohol and illicit drug use among patients with specific ED, such as: bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). We sought to identify clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles involved in these addictive behavior-based phenotypes. Methods The total sample was 527 patients (176 BN, 115 BED, and 236 OSFED). FA was assessed through the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. To determine lifetime SU, a semi-structured clinical interview was carried out. Results Patients with BN had the highest rates of FA both with and without SU. No gender differences were obtained for the prevalence of current FA and/or lifetime SU. Patients reporting at least one addictive-related behavior exhibited increased clinical severity compared to those who reported none. Increased impulsivity (such as high lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) and low self-directedness were differentiating factors for presenting one or two addictive behaviors. Discussion and Conclusions Overall, patients presenting with at least one addictive-like behavior reported a poorer clinical status than those without. Also, patients with FA and SU exhibited a more dysfunctional profile characterized by high impulsivity and low self-directedness. These findings would support the need for targeted treatments to reduce impulsivity and increase self-directedness, especially in patients with any addictive-related behavior, as a step towards improving their treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Burnout among staff on specialized eating disorder units in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Wiig Hage ◽  
Karin Isaksson Rø ◽  
Øyvind Rø
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Emotional Dissonance ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Objective Burnout is commonly associated with low workplace wellbeing. Patients with eating disorders are frequently referred to as a particularly challenging group to treat. It is therefore important to study healthcare providers´ workplace wellbeing in settings which treat eating disorders. The aims of the current study were to (a) measure burnout among healthcare providers working on specialized eating disorder units in Norway, and (b) explore factors predicting burnout. Methods 186 participants from 11 specialized eating disorder units in Norway completed an online survey including the Mashlach Burnout Inventory, and eating disorder-specific factors related to burnout, job satisfaction, work environment, emotional dissonance and stress. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of burnout. Results Overall, low levels of burnout were found among the participants. Eating disorder-specific factors and emotional dissonance predicted the three central aspects of burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment. Conclusions Findings suggest a relatively low level of burnout across age, gender, and professional categories working at specialized eating disorder units, contrary to commonly-held assumptions pertaining to the challenges involved in treating individuals with eating disorders.

scholarly journals Mental Health Links With Eating Disorder Risk and Weight Related Concerns in First Semester College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Zhiping Yu ◽  
Paul Fuglestad ◽  
Madisen Reasonover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Disorder Risk

Abstract Objectives Both mental health and eating disorders are increasing health concerns for college students. This study aimed to examine associative links between psychological distress, eating disorder risk, food addiction, and weight related concerns among first semester college students. Methods Freshman students 18 years or older in all majors in a southeastern university were invited to take an online survey. The measures included demographic characteristics, psychological behaviors and eating disorder risks. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess associations. Results Ninety-two students (79.3% female, 61.5% white) completed the survey. Psychological distress significantly correlated with higher eating disorder risk (stress r = 0.28, anxiety r = 0.28, depression r = 0.42; P's &lt; 0.01), higher food addiction symptom count (stress r = 0.30, anxiety r = 0.34, depression r = 0.44; P's &lt; 0.01), and lower weight related quality of life (stress r = −0.27, anxiety r = −0.38, depression r = −0.52; P's &lt; 0.01). Greater anxiety also significantly correlated with lower self-reported dream weights (r = −0.23, P &lt; 0.05) and happy weights (r = −0.23, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that the management of psychological well-being of college students is important for prevention and treatment of eating disorders and weight issues in this population. Funding Sources Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Fine-Aroma Cocoa from Northeastern Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Manuel Oliva-Cruz ◽  
Malluri Goñas ◽  
Ligia M. García ◽  
Raúl Rabanal-Oyarse ◽  
Cástula Alvarado-Chuqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The phenotypic characterization of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plays an important role in the generation of information for the conservation of cacao germplasm. The objective of this study is to characterize phenotypically 146 ecotypes of fine-aroma native cacao (FFNC) from northeastern Peru that were collected from 280 to 1265 metres above sea level. Morphological descriptors of fruits and seeds, sensory characteristics, and productivity descriptors were used. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics with pie charts, distribution histograms, and multiple correspondence analysis. The results showed that 76.7% of the cocoa ecotypes had green immature fruits, 73% showed slight roughness on the surface of the fruit, 54% showed an intermediate thickness of the fruit wall, and 90% had the appearance of pairs of equidistant ridges. Regarding seed characteristics, 71% showed purplish cotyledons, with a high presence of floral and fruity notes and low levels of bitterness and astringency. Likewise, 52% of the fruits and 64% of the seeds were long. More importantly, cocoa beans needed to produce between 14 and 16 pods to obtain one kilogram of dry cocoa, which reflects a good level of productivity. Finally, there was a positive relationship between elevation levels and the presence of fine-flavoured native cocoa, i.e., the greatest diversity of native cocoa with floral and fruity notes was found above 501 metres above sea level.

Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits in Adult Women With Eating Disorders: Defining a Broader Eating Disorder Phenotype

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Brecelj Anderluh ◽  
Kate Tchanturia ◽  
Sophia Rabe-Hesketh ◽  
Janet Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive

Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Anxiety in Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Stephanie Knatz Peck ◽  
Stuart B. Murray ◽  
Walter H. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Integrative Treatment

Approximately two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with eating disorders have had one or more concurrent anxiety disorders in their lifetime. Anxiety symptoms most often predate the onset of an eating disorder and are associated with worse outcomes, implicating anxiety as a possible vulnerability factor in the onset and maintenance of an eating disorder. Individuals with eating disorders also tend to possess personality traits associated with anxiety. This significant comorbidity is likely a result of a shared underlying temperament profile that may predispose individuals to both an eating disorder and certain anxiety disorders. Given the negative impact of anxiety on recovery, eating disorder clinicians should be aware of these shared vulnerabilities and, ideally, be equipped to treat comorbid anxiety issues with a working knowledge of best practice treatment approaches. Furthermore, for patients with a dual diagnosis, clinicians must construct an integrative treatment approach taking into account impairments from both illnesses.

scholarly journals Personality traits and night eating syndrome in women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha D. Melunsky ◽  
Francesca Solmi ◽  
Zoë Haime ◽  
Sarah Rowe ◽  
Virginia V. W. McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Weak Evidence

Abstract Purpose Previous research suggests that eating disorders may be associated with certain personality profiles; however, there is limited research investigating associations with night eating syndrome (NES). This research suggests harm avoidance personality trait is higher in NES individuals than in the general population, however, evidence of associations with other personality traits is inconsistent. To understand which personality traits are associated with NES symptoms, the current study aimed to improve understanding of the relationship between NES symptoms and a range of personality traits, addressing limitations in the earlier literature in this area by controlling for common confounders. Methods Baseline data were analysed from an outpatient psychotherapy trial for 111 women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. Pre-treatment measures of personality traits (measured with the Temperament and character inventory—revised) and NES symptoms (measured with the Night eating questionnaire) were used. Regression analyses tested associations between these variables, adjusting for potential confounders, including age and ethnicity. Results Low cooperativeness scores were associated with greater NES symptoms in the multivariable model (mean difference: − 0.10, 95% confidence intervals: − 0.20 to − 0.01, p = 0.033). There was weak evidence of associations between both high harm avoidance and low self-directedness personality traits and greater NES symptoms. Conclusions This study adds to the limited research measuring associations between a range of personality traits and NES, addressing limitations of previous research. Weak evidence for an association between high harm avoidance and low self-directedness and increased NES symptoms was found. A novel association was found between low cooperativeness and greater NES symptoms. Further research is needed to validate its presence in those with and without comorbid eating disorders and to examine the relative change in NES, eating disorder symptoms and personality scores in treatments focusing on cooperativeness. Level of evidence Level IV (cross-sectional data from a randomised controlled trial, CTB/04/08/139).

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