scholarly journals Food addiction and lifetime alcohol and illicit drugs use in specific eating disorders

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Personality Profiles

Abstract Background and aims Food addiction (FA) and substance use (SU) have frequently been reported in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Our study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of FA and/or lifetime problematic alcohol and illicit drug use among patients with specific ED, such as: bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). We sought to identify clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles involved in these addictive behavior-based phenotypes. Methods The total sample was 527 patients (176 BN, 115 BED, and 236 OSFED). FA was assessed through the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. To determine lifetime SU, a semi-structured clinical interview was carried out. Results Patients with BN had the highest rates of FA both with and without SU. No gender differences were obtained for the prevalence of current FA and/or lifetime SU. Patients reporting at least one addictive-related behavior exhibited increased clinical severity compared to those who reported none. Increased impulsivity (such as high lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) and low self-directedness were differentiating factors for presenting one or two addictive behaviors. Discussion and Conclusions Overall, patients presenting with at least one addictive-like behavior reported a poorer clinical status than those without. Also, patients with FA and SU exhibited a more dysfunctional profile characterized by high impulsivity and low self-directedness. These findings would support the need for targeted treatments to reduce impulsivity and increase self-directedness, especially in patients with any addictive-related behavior, as a step towards improving their treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Food Addiction in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Analysis of Clusters and Implications for Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
Zaida Agüera ◽  
Georgios Paslakis ◽  
Lucero Munguia ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Levels

Food addiction (FA) has been associated with greater psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and obesity (OBE). The current study aims to provide a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct by conducting a clustering analysis of FA in both conditions (ED and OBE). The total sample was comprised of 234 participants that scored positive on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. (YFAS-2) (119 bulimia nervosa (BN), 50 binge eating disorder (BED), 49 other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) and 16 OBE). All participants completed a comprehensive battery of questionnaires. Three clusters of FA participants were identified. Cluster 1 (dysfunctional) was characterized by the highest prevalence of OSFED and BN, the highest ED severity and psychopathology, and more dysfunctional personality traits. Cluster 2 (moderate) showed a high prevalence of BN and BED and moderate levels of ED psychopathology. Finally, cluster 3 (adaptive) was characterized by a high prevalence of OBE and BED, low levels of ED psychopathology, and more functional personality traits. In conclusion, this study identified three distinct clusters of ED-OBE patients with FA and provides some insight into a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct when considering psychopathology, personality and ED pathology. Future studies should address whether these three food addiction categories are indicative of therapy outcome.

scholarly journals Current Status of Evidence for a New Diagnosis: Food Addiction-A Literature Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavian Vasiliu
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Addiction Severity

Food addiction is considered an important link for a better understanding of psychiatric and medical problems triggered by dysfunctions of eating behaviors, e. g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, binge eating disorder, or bulimia nervosa. At behavioral level, food addiction has high degrees of similarity with other eating disorders, a phenomenon that creates difficulties in finding specific diagnostic criteria. Food addiction has been also described as “eating addiction” or “eating dependence” by several researchers, who placed the emphasis on the behavior and not on the food itself. High-sodium foods, artificially flavored-foods, rich carbohydrate- and saturated fats-containing foods are triggers for the activation of the same neural pathways, therefore they act similarly to any drug of abuse. Food addiction is considered a disorder based on functional negative consequences, associated distress and potential risks to both psychological well-being and physical health. A clinical scale was validated for the quantification of the eating addiction severity, namely the Yale Food Addiction Severity Scale (YFAS), constructed to match DSM IV criteria for substance dependence. Using this instrument, a high prevalence of food addiction was found in the general population, up to 20% according to a meta-analytic research. The pathogenesis of this entity is still uncertain, but reward dysfunction, impulsivity and emotion dysregulation have been considered basic mechanisms that trigger both eating dysfunctions and addictive behaviors. Genetic factors may be involved in this dependence, as modulators of higher carbohydrate and saturate fat craving. Regarding the existence of potential therapeutic solutions, lorcaserin, antiepileptic drugs, opioid antagonists, antiaddictive agents are recommended for obesity and eating disorders, and they may be intuitively used in food addiction, but clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy. In conclusion, a better understanding of food addiction's clinical profile and pathogenesis may help clinicians in finding prevention- and therapeutic-focused interventions in the near future.

scholarly journals The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Bou Khalil ◽  
Ghassan Sleilaty ◽  
Sami Richa ◽  
Maude Seneque ◽  
Sylvain Iceta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.

scholarly journals Mental Health Links With Eating Disorder Risk and Weight Related Concerns in First Semester College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Zhiping Yu ◽  
Paul Fuglestad ◽  
Madisen Reasonover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Disorder Risk

Abstract Objectives Both mental health and eating disorders are increasing health concerns for college students. This study aimed to examine associative links between psychological distress, eating disorder risk, food addiction, and weight related concerns among first semester college students. Methods Freshman students 18 years or older in all majors in a southeastern university were invited to take an online survey. The measures included demographic characteristics, psychological behaviors and eating disorder risks. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess associations. Results Ninety-two students (79.3% female, 61.5% white) completed the survey. Psychological distress significantly correlated with higher eating disorder risk (stress r = 0.28, anxiety r = 0.28, depression r = 0.42; P's &lt; 0.01), higher food addiction symptom count (stress r = 0.30, anxiety r = 0.34, depression r = 0.44; P's &lt; 0.01), and lower weight related quality of life (stress r = −0.27, anxiety r = −0.38, depression r = −0.52; P's &lt; 0.01). Greater anxiety also significantly correlated with lower self-reported dream weights (r = −0.23, P &lt; 0.05) and happy weights (r = −0.23, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that the management of psychological well-being of college students is important for prevention and treatment of eating disorders and weight issues in this population. Funding Sources Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida.

scholarly journals Patterns of co-morbidity of eating disorders and substance use in Swedish females

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Root ◽  
E. M. Pisetsky ◽  
L. Thornton ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
N. L. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Diet Pill

BackgroundLittle is known about the association of eating disorder subtypes across multiple categories of substance use in population-based samples. We examined the association between eating disorders and substance use in a large population-based sample.MethodFemale participants (n=13 297) were from the Swedish Twin Registry [Lichtenstein et al., Twin Research and Human Genetics (2006) 9, 875–882]. Substance use was examined in four defined groups – (1) anorexia nervosa (AN); (2) bulimia nervosa (BN); (3) AN and BN (ANBN); and (4) binge eating disorder (BED) as well as a referent group without eating disorder (no ED). Secondary analyses examined differences between restricting AN (RAN) and binge and/or purge AN (ANBP).ResultsIn general, eating disorders were associated with greater substance use relative to the referent. The AN group had significantly increased odds for all illicit drugs. Significant differences emerged across the RAN and ANBP groups for alcohol abuse/dependence, diet pills, stimulants, and polysubstance use with greater use in the ANBP group. Across eating disorder groups, (1) the BN and ANBN groups were more likely to report alcohol abuse/dependence relative to the AN group, (2) the ANBN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the AN, BN and BED groups, and (3) the BN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the no ED, AN and BED groups.ConclusionsEating disorders are associated with a range of substance use behaviors. Improved understanding of how they mutually influence risk could enhance understanding of etiology and prevention.

scholarly journals Eating disorders and psychosis: a case report and review of the literature

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S24
Author(s):  
Defne Flora Goy ◽  
Erdem Efe ◽  
Özge Şahmelikoğlu ◽  
Ümit Haluk Yeşilkaya
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
One Year

AimsDespite evidence from case series, the comorbidity of eating disorders (ED) with psychosis is a challenging field to which little attention has been paid. There is no consistent sequence in the co-occurrence of the two conditions-eating disorders sometimes precede, and sometimes follow the onset of psychosis. In this case report, we present a 25-year-old female patient suffering from recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory purging behaviours with psychotic components to discuss the co-occurrence of these conditions in the light of the literature.MethodOur patient suffered from sleep disturbances, homicidal thoughts, self-induced vomiting worsened in one year. Psychiatric examination revealed psychotic symptoms such as blunted affect, persecutory delusions, and delusions of appeal and justification. In our inpatient psychiatry clinic, she was treated with olanzapine 20 milligrams(mg) and quetiapine 500 mg per day.ResultPsychotic episodes occur in 10–15% of eating disorder patients. The prevalence of primary psychotic diseases like schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders in eating disorder patients appears to be comparable to that in the general population. An ED can be the early sign of an impending psychosis, or psychotic symptoms can signal the beginning of an ED. The advent of the psychosis, and sometimes the treatment of the psychosis can cure the eating disorder, but it can sometimes aggravate it. The case presented illustrates the difficulties in managing a patient with a comorbid eating disorder and psychosis. To ensure a rigorous assessment of both psychotic and eating disorder symptoms, the focus should be on the pattern of appearance or emergence of symptoms, their phenomenology, clinical and family background of the patient, and clinical status on follow-up.ConclusionThe comorbidity between eating disorders and psychosis is infrequent and raises several conceptual and methodological questions. Epidemiological and family studies show that there is no more significant association between psychosis and ED, although these results are somehow limited by the lack of rigorous data regarding ED.

scholarly journals A review on association and correlation of genetic variants with eating disorders and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Koushik Ahamed ◽  
Md Abdul Barek ◽  
Uthpall Kumar Roy ◽  
Md Kouser ◽  
Md Sharif Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Background Now, eating disorders and obesity and their correlations are danger signal in worldwide which is caused by multifactor and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Main body Every aspect of a patient’s life is influenced by eating disorders and obesity and their correlations. Due to frequent seeing of obese patients, eating disorders have been included in the review as they can sometimes be associated with obesity. However, it should be noted that most patients having eating disorder are at risk to be obese or overweight. This research explores the risk factors for the two disorders, as well as the assessment of medical complications and treatment recommendations for the disorders. In these two disorders, there is also a correlation. The essential consideration is that eating disorders are impulse-control disorders which are similar to addictive behaviors in some aspects. So it is a crying need to treat a patient with obesity and eating disorders simultaneously to ensure success. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs) and obesity and their correlation. Conclusion This review enlightens on the summary of eating disorder, obesity, genotypic traits, molecular relations, interaction, correlation, and effect of eating disorder and obesity which outline potential future directions and clinical implications for patients with EDs and obesity.

scholarly journals Eating disorders and psychosis: a review and case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1736-1741
Author(s):  
Rita Almeida Leite ◽  
Tiago Santos ◽  
Patrícia Nunes ◽  
Isabel Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Pubmed Database

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: The interplay between eating disorders and psychosis is a challenging field to which little attention has been paid. Its study raises conceptual and methodological questions in both areas, making the diagnosis and management of patients difficult. Such questions are addressed and illustrated with a review and case report. METHODS: The authors present the case of a woman with Anorexia Nervosa and with comorbid Shared Psychotic Disorder, based on a literature review regarding the comorbidity between eating disorders and psychosis. The authors conducted a non-systematic review by searching the PubMed database, using the Mesh Terms “anorexia nervosa”, “bulimia nervosa”, “comorbidity” and “psychotic disorders”. RESULTS: The findings suggest that studies on the subject are limited by issues regarding data on the prevalence of comorbidities, phenomenological aspects of eating disorders, and the interface and integration with psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The case presented illustrates the difficulties in managing a patient with a comorbid eating disorder and psychosis. In order to ensure a rigorous assessment of both psychotic and eating disorder symptoms, the focus should be on the pattern of appearance or emergence of symptoms, their phenomenology, clinical and family background of the patient, and clinical status on follow-up.

Eating Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 285-300
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Features

The chapter discusses eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model and identify functionally distinct subtypes. The author proposes to distinguish between a fast spectrum subtype of EDs marked by dysregulated personality traits (high impulsivity, sensation seeking) and a prevalence of bulimic symptoms (F-EDs), and a slow spectrum subtype that comprises both overcontrolled and high-functioning personality profiles (S-EDs).

scholarly journals A Need of Further Training for Marriage and Family Therapy Students’ on Food Addiction and Related Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Moore ◽  
Chichun Lin ◽  
Clinton Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Marriage And Family Therapy ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Marriage And Family

The purpose of this study was to explore Marriage and Family Therapy students’ perspectives regarding food addiction and associated eating disorders, as a clinical treatment issue. In a standard addictions course housed in a Marriage and Family Therapy program approved by the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE), 20 students completed a qualitative survey where they reflected on the topic of food addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Bulimia Nervosa, within the context of individual, couple, and family relationships. In the study four major themes emerged, which included (1) Defining Food Addiction, (2) Perceptions of Eating Disorders, (3) Conceptualizing Systemic Treatment, and (4) Experiences in clinical training. Clinical implications, recommendations for MFT education, clinical practice, and future research are discussed. Findings suggest that while MFT students in the study were well versed in conceptualized systemic treatment, it was of a general treatment and understanding using MFT theory, and not in relation to or specifically concerning food addictions and their connection or distinction from Binge Eating Disorder and/or other eating disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, potentially impacting the level of skillfully and appropriately working with clients.

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