scholarly journals Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bossola ◽  
Enrico Di Stasio ◽  
Antonella Viola ◽  
Stefano Cenerelli ◽  
Alessandra Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Calorie Intake ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Background: To measure daily sodium intake in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to compare the intake of nutrients, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins in patients who had a daily sodium intake below or above the value of 1500 mg recommended by the American Heart Association. Methods: Dietary intake was recorded for 3 days by means of 3-day diet diaries in prevalent patients on chronic hemodialysis. Each patient was instructed by a dietitian on how to fill the diary, which was subsequently signed by a next of kin. Results: We studied 127 patients. Mean sodium intake (mg) was 1295.9 ± 812.3. Eighty-seven (68.5%) patients had a daily sodium intake <1500 mg (group 1) and 40 (31.5%) ≥ 1500 mg (group 2). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily calorie intake was significant (r = 0.474 [0.327 to 0.599]; p < 0.0001). Daily calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (21.1 ± 6.6; p = 0.0001) than in group 2 (27.1 ± 10.4). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily protein intake was significant (r = 0.530 [0.392 to 0.644]; p < 0.0001). The daily protein intake (grams/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (0.823 ± 0.275; p = 0.0003) than in group 2 (1.061 ± 0.419). Daily intake of magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Daily intake of vitamin A, B2, B3, and C did not differ significantly between group 1 and group 2. Daily intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Significantly lower was, in group 1 than in group 2, the percentage of patients within the target value with regard to intake of calories (11.5% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.001) and proteins (9.2% vs. 27.5%; p = 0.015) as well as of iron (23% vs. 45%; p = 0.020), zinc (13.8% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.008) and vitamin B1 (8.1% vs. 50%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A low daily intake of sodium is associated with an inadequately low intake of calorie, proteins, minerals, trace elements, and vitamin B1. Nutritional counselling aimed to reduce the intake of sodium in patients on chronic hemodialysis should not disregard an adequate intake of macro- and micronutrients, otherwise the risk of malnutrition is high.

Neurohumoral Response to Hospitalization in Hypertensive Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 385s-387s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. De Leeuw ◽  
G. A. W. Van Soest ◽  
R. Punt ◽  
R. P. L. M. Hoogma ◽  
A. J. P. M. Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Hypotensive Response ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. To investigate whether reduced activity of pressor systems could explain the spontaneous drop in pressure upon hospitalization, 51 subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension were admitted to hospital. Sodium intake was fixed at 55 mmol/day. 2. Blood samples for noradrenaline, adrenaline, active renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were drawn on each morning of the first 3 days of hospitalization; blood pressure was measured at 2 h intervals and values were averaged for each day. 3. Subjects were divided in two groups depending on whether they became normotensive (group 1; n = 12) or remained hypertensive (group 2; n = 39). This distinction was thought to reflect mild and more severe hypertensive groups respectively. 4. Although both groups showed a comparable fall in blood pressure during hospitalization, noradrenaline levels fell more consistently in group 1, whereas adrenaline levels fell only in group 2. The components of the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system rose, but more conspicuously in group 1. 5. It is concluded that withdrawal of sympathetic activity can only partly explain the hypotensive response to hospitalization. The renin—angiotensin system behaves only passively and appears to be counterproductive to alterations in blood pressure.

The role of vitamin B1-B2 and plasma lipid profile in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Başaranoğlu ◽  
Elif Ağaçayak ◽  
Feyzullah Uçmak ◽  
Senem Yaman Tunç ◽  
Aysegül Deregözü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Group 1

AbstractAim:The present study aimed to determine the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and vitamins B1 and B2 in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) patients, and to evaluate if these were involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.Methods:The prospective randomized study included 35 pregnant patients who were admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic, Faculty of Medicine at Dicle University and who were diagnosed with ICP (Group 1), and 40 healthy pregnant women who were admitted in the same period and who had no systemic diseases that might complicate the pregnancy during the pregnancy follow-up (Group 2). Serum lipid levels and vitamins B1 and B2 were determined and compared, and statistical comparisons of the groups were made.Results:There was no difference between the TG levels of the two groups (P=0.631). Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and vitamin B1 and B2 levels were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.032, respectively).Conclusions:Increased levels of vitamins B1 and B2 may indicate a need for increased energy metabolism at the fetus. So we believe that new studies are required, which will be supported by the placental analyses of the pyruvate and lactate levels in maternal blood at delivery and fetal cord blood in order to develop a better understanding on the fetal effects of energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Characterization, Nutrient Intake, and Nutritional Status of Low-Income Students Attending a Brazilian University Restaurant

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Ygraine Hartmann ◽  
Rita de Cássia C. de A. Akutsu ◽  
Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽  
António Raposo ◽  
Raquel B. A. Botelho
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The University ◽  
Sodium Consumption ◽  
Group 1

In Brazilian universities, the university restaurant (UR) is essential in supporting students to complete their courses, as the UR offers free or low-cost food. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate public policy effectiveness in offering food to low-income students attending the UR of the University of Brasília. This cross-sectional study compared low-income students (participating in the Student Assistance Program—Group 1) and students that did not participate in the Program (Group 2). Researchers assessed food consumption through direct observation of students while serving their plates at UR (in all meals consumed at UR) and completed food consumption with diet recalls for the meals outside the UR. In total, three complete days, including one weekend day, were evaluated for each student. Researchers also evaluated the participants’ body mass composition and body fat percentage. The results of the comparisons between the evaluated groups showed that the groups presented similar intakes. Only sodium intake was significantly different for males, being higher for Group 1. The median sodium consumption among females and males in group 1 was 55% and 119%, respectively, above the upper limit (UL). In Group 2, sodium intake levels reached consumption percentages above UL by 36% for females and 79% for males. The prevalence of inadequate sodium consumption was 100% for both genders and groups. Extra salt was added to dishes by 19.7% of the students. For females, only fiber ingestion was statistically different, with higher intake for Group 1. The other evaluated parameters showed similarities among groups for each gender. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the consumption of calories, fibers, sodium, iron, and calcium for the students who had three meals at the UR in the two weekdays. There was a statistical difference in nutrients for those who had three meals in the UR, reinforcing the importance of the UR’s meals. The current food and nutrition policy at the UR proved to be extremely important in university students’ lives and in maintaining healthy nutritional aspects. However, changes in sodium use, more calcium intake, and less cholesterol consumption should receive attention to better balance dietary elements of the food offered. Dish preparation should be carefully followed to ensure the quality of the food for university students.

Angiotensin II and Not Sodium Status is the Major Determinant of the Agonistic/Antagonistic Balance of Saralasin's Actions

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 75s-78s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fagard ◽  
A. Amery ◽  
P. Lijnen
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Plasma Angiotensin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

1. To study which factors determine the balance between the antagonistic and agonistic effects of the angiotensin II analogue [Sar1,Ala8]-angiotensin II (saralasin) in man, saralasin was infused in subjects on a ‘normal’ sodium intake (group 1) during sodium restriction with appropriately elevated plasma angiotensin II levels (group 2) and in sodium-restricted subjects in whom plasma angiotensin II was suppressed by converting enzyme inhibition with captopril (group 3). 2. The action of saralasin was agonistic in group 3, antagonistic in group 2 and variable in group 1. 3. For groups 1 and 2 together the saralasin-induced changes of arterial pressure, of plasma aldosterone and of plasma renin were significantly related to control plasma angiotensin II but also to the 24 h urinary sodium excretion. When group 3 was included the changes remained significantly related to plasma angiotensin II but not to the urinary sodium excretion. 4. The results indicate that angiotensin II and not sodium status determines the agonistic/antagonistic balance of saralasin's actions.

scholarly journals Bilirubin Links HO-1 and UGT1A1*28 Gene Polymorphisms to Predict Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Yang Ho ◽  
Tzen-Wen Chen ◽  
Tung-Po Huang ◽  
Ying-Hwa Chen ◽  
Der-Cherng Tarng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Serum bilirubin levels, which are determined by a complex interplay of various enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1), may be protective against progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis patients. However, the combined effect of HO-1 and UGT1A1*28 gene polymorphisms on CVD outcomes among hemodialysis patients is still unknown. This retrospective study enrolled 1080 prevalent hemodialysis patients and the combined genetic polymorphisms of HO-1 and UGT1A1 on serum bilirubin were analyzed. Endpoints were CVD events and all-cause mortality. Mean serum bilirubin was highest in patients with S/S + S/L of the HO-1 promoter and UGT1A1 7/7 genotypes (Group 1), intermediate in those with S/S + S/L of the HO-1 promoter and UGT1A1 7/6 + 6/6 genotypes (Group 2), and lowest in the carriers with the L/L HO-1 promoter and UGT1A1 7/6 + 6/6 genotypes (Group 3) (p < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 50 months, 433 patients developed CVD. Compared with patients in Group 3, individuals among Groups 1 and 2 had significantly lower risks for CVD events (adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 0.35 for Group 1 and 0.63 for Group 2), respectively. Compared with the lower bilirubin tertile, the aHRs were 0.72 for the middle tertile and 0.40 for the upper tertile for CVD events. We summarized that serum bilirubin as well as HO-1 and UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms were associated with CVD among patients receiving chronic hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Utility of a 24-Hour Urine Collection in Estimating Daily Sodium and Protein Intakes in Living Kidney Donation (P12-058-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekamol Tantisattamo ◽  
Natnicha Leelaviwat ◽  
Possawat Vutthikraivit ◽  
Siroj Dejhansathit
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Living Kidney Donation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Abstract Objectives Dietary intake can promote good health including blood pressure control from low sodium intake, slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from low protein diet. Counseling how to control amount of diet may be unpractical unless there is objective information of consumed nutrient. A 24-hour urine collection can provide information regarding the amount of intake nutrient. We present a case of healthy women comes for a living kidney donor evaluation and 24-hour urine collection showed high daily sodium and protein intake and lowering sodium and protein intake are advice for the patient. Methods A 37-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history significant for possible gestational diabetes mellitus comes to pre-living kidney donation clinic. She would like to donate her kidney to her friend who has end-stage renal disease from a lupus nephritis. The patient denies history of kidney diseases, dysuria, gross hematuria, difficulty urination, or history of passing kidney stone. Her weight was 49.4 kg, height was 1.47 m, and body mass index was BMI 22.76 kg/m². Blood pressure was 126/76 mmHg. Serum creatinine was 0.7 mg/dL and blood urea nitrogen was 14 mg/dL. A 24-hour urine collection showed volume of 1.98 L, microalbumin of 0.24 g, creatinine of 0.9 g, urine urea of 10.1 g, and sodium of 174. Results Calculations from the 24-hour urine collection include a daily urinary creatinine excretion of 18.22 mg/kg/day indicating adequately collected urine and creatinine clearance of 89.21 ml/min. Since urine sodium was 174 mmol/day, calculated daily sodium intake was 4 g. Daily protein intake of 16% of daily protein excretion was 11.63 g/day; therefore, daily protein intake was 72.7 g/day or 1.47 g/kg/day. She was advice to decrease amount of daily sodium intake to 62% (2.5 g/day) and protein intake to 68% (1 g/kg/day) of her current daily dietary intake. Conclusions From the 24-hour urine collection, we can estimate 2 important nutrients that our patient took a day. Calculated daily sodium and protein intake were 4 g/day and 1.47 g/kg/day, respectively. These amounts of sodium and protein intake are higher than recommended daily amount for general population. Particularly, for the person who plan to donate their kidney and will have lower than normal renal function after kidney donation, should have more strict diet control. Therefore, calculated amount of daily nutrient intake from a 24-hour urine collection provide practical care and recommendation to person who need dietary guidance with subjective evidence. Funding Sources None.

Platelet hyperreactivity in hemodialysis patients with frequently occluded vascular access

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (09) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Ju Chou ◽  
Chung-Ren Jan ◽  
Po-Tsang Lee ◽  
Chien-Liang Chen ◽  
Hsiao-Min Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plasma Factors ◽  
Group 1

SummaryIt is known that thrombosis is a leading cause of vascular access failure and that the formation of thrombus requires platelets. The activation of platelets induces the increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) leading to aggregation and thrombosis. We compared the platelet [Ca2+]i before and after stimulation between the patients with and without easily occluded vascular access. Our study included two groups of hemodialysis patients. Group 1 consisted of 21 patients who had received chronic hemodialysis therapy for more than 6 months. They had had more than three events (including three) of vascular access failures during the past year. Group 2 consisted of 21 hemodialysis patients with age, sex, and diabetes mellitus matched who had never suffered from any event of vascular access failure. We measured the basal and stimulated platelet [Ca2+]i after stimulation with 1 U/ml thrombin, 1 µM arachidonic acid, 1 µM platelet activation factor (PAF), and 10 µM adenosine diphosphate (ADP), respectively. Our results showed that in Ca2+-containing media, there was no significant differences in the basal [Ca2+]i , but the maximal increases of [Ca2+]i of platelets were higher (p <0.05) in group 1 than in group 2 after stimulating with PAF and ADP, but not with thrombin and arachidonic acid. We concluded that the causes for the susceptibility of some hemodialysis patients to vascular access occlusion were multifactorial. In addition to previously reported plasma factors, there was a subgroup of patients who showed greater elevations of agonists stimulated platelet intracellular calcium levels.

scholarly journals Identifying Interactions between Dietary Sodium, Potassium, Sodium–Potassium Ratios, and FGF5 rs16998073 Variants and Their Associated Risk for Hypertension in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Hyeyun Jeong ◽  
Hyun-Seok Jin ◽  
Sung-Soo Kim ◽  
Dayeon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Hypertension is affected by both genetic and dietary factors. This study aimed to examine the interaction between dietary sodium/potassium intake, sodium–potassium ratios, and FGF5 rs16998073 and link these with increased risk for developing hypertension. Using data from the Health Examinee (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), we were able to identify a total of 17,736 middle-aged Korean adults who could be included in our genome-wide association study (GWAS) to confirm any associations between hypertension and the FGF5 rs16998073 variant. GWAS analysis revealed that the FGF5 rs16698073 variant demonstrated the strongest association with hypertension in this population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and sodium–potassium ratios and the FGF5 rs16998073 genotypes (AA, AT, TT) and any increased risk of hypertension. Carriers with at least one minor T allele for FGF5 rs16998073 were shown to be at significantly higher risk for developing hypertension. Male TT carriers with a daily sodium intake ≥2000 mg also demonstrated an increased risk for developing hypertension compared to the male AA carriers with daily sodium intake <2000 mg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.84–3.15, p-interaction < 0.0001). Female AA carriers with a daily potassium intake ≥3500 mg showed a reduced risk for hypertension when compared to female AA carriers with a daily potassium intake <3500 mg (AOR = 0.75. 95% CIs = 0.58–0.95, p-interaction < 0.0001). Male TT carriers in the mid-tertile for sodium–potassium ratio values showed the highest odds ratio for hypertension when compared to male AA carriers in the lowest-tertile for sodium–potassium ratio values (AOR = 3.03, 95% CIs = 2.14–4.29, p-interaction < 0.0001). This study confirmed that FGF5 rs16998073 variants do place their carriers (men and women) at increased risk for developing hypertension. In addition, we showed that high daily intake of sodium exerted a synergistic effect for hypertension when combined with FGF5 rs16998073 variants in both genders and that dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium–potassium ratios all interact with FGF5 rs16998073 and alter the risk of developing hypertension in carriers of either gender among Koreans.

Effect of Immunonutrition supplementation on Post-operative outcome after major Gastrointestinal surgery for Malignancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 2258-2261
Author(s):  
Saraswathy Sivaprasadan ◽  
Anju Kochupurackal Paul ◽  
Sudhindran Surendran ◽  
Uma Devi Padma
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This prospective, pilot study evaluated the effect of immunonutrition supplementation using Pentasure Immunomax® on recovery after major gastrointestinal (GI) surgery for malignancy. It included two groups of patients (n = 25 each) who underwent major GI surgery for malignancy in two units, one of which routinely gave Pentasure Immunomax® (L – arginine, omega 3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acids) for two weeks following surgery (Group 1) while the other did not (Group 2). The pre-operative nutritional status of the patients were assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale. Post-operatively the following parameters were compared between the two groups: complications (using Clavien Dindo scale), calorie intake, length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay using SPSS software, version 20.0. Based on the SGA score, 66% of the entire study population was moderately malnourished, while 6% were severely malnourished. On assessing the body mass index, 26 (52%) patients were found to be overweight or obese, out of which 16 patients were found to be moderately malnourished. The mean caloric intake in Group 1 was significantly more than in Group 2 (1112.7± 51.6 versus 874.8±56.7; p = 0.0032). There was, however, no significant difference between the two groups in complications, ICU or hospital stay. The incidence of malnutrition in patients undergoing major GI surgery for malignancy is high even amongst those who are overweight/obese. Use of immunonutrition may help in better attainment of adequate calorie in post-operative period.

Effects of High Salt Intake and Meclofenamate on Arterial Pressure and Renal Function in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 251s-253s ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Chrysant
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

1. The effects of prolonged high sodium intake (duration 3 months) and meclofenamate were studied in two groups of male spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. 2. Group 1 (eight rats) received 1% NaCl in water and served as controls, and group 2 received 1% NaCl in water plus meclofenamate (3·5–4·0 mg daily). 3. Group 2 rats developed higher arterial pressure, renal vascular resistance and left ventricular weight and greater renal histological changes, with lower effective renal plasma flow, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, than group 1. No differences were observed between the two groups in heart rate, body weight, fluid intake, urine volume, UNaV, UKV and right ventricular weight. 4. The results suggest that the combination of high sodium intake and meclofenamate exerts a greater damaging effect on the arterial pressure and renal function of SH rats than salt alone.

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