scholarly journals Interaction between Metabolic Genetic Risk Score and Dietary Fatty Acid Intake on Central Obesity in a Ghanaian Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Sooad Alsulami ◽  
David A. Nyakotey ◽  
Kamila Dudek ◽  
Abdul-Malik Bawah ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is a multifactorial condition arising from the interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. We aimed to assess the impact of lifestyle and genetic factors on obesity-related traits in 302 healthy Ghanaian adults. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using a 3 day repeated 24 h dietary recall and global physical activity questionnaire, respectively. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct 4-SNP, 8-SNP and 12-SNP genetic risk scores (GRSs). The 4-SNP GRS showed significant interactions with dietary fat intakes on waist circumference (WC) (Total fat, Pinteraction = 0.01; saturated fatty acids (SFA), Pinteraction = 0.02; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01). Among individuals with higher intakes of total fat (>47 g/d), SFA (>14 g/d), PUFA (>16 g/d) and MUFA (>16 g/d), individuals with ≥3 risk alleles had a significantly higher WC compared to those with <3 risk alleles. This is the first study of its kind in this population, suggesting that a higher consumption of dietary fatty acid may have the potential to increase the genetic susceptibility of becoming centrally obese. These results support the general dietary recommendations to decrease the intakes of total fat and SFA, to reduce the risk of obesity, particularly in individuals with a higher genetic predisposition to central obesity.

scholarly journals Impact assessment of the TFA regulation on fatty acid composition of foods in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Varga ◽  
E Sarkadi Nagy ◽  
L Zámbó ◽  
É Illés ◽  
M Bakacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Trans fatty acids are formed during the industrial processing of food, and are proven to be harmful for the human body. They have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, abdominal obesity, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Decree 71/2013. (XI. 20.) of the Ministry of Human Capacities, which has been in force since 2014, defines the highest permitted amount of trans fats in food products placed on the market in Hungary. The impact of the decree on the industrially produced trans fatty acids (iTFA) availability and population intake was assessed in 2017. Results demonstrated that iTFA were replaced by other fatty acids due to the legislation. In 2019, we investigated food groups which had high measured TFA content before the regulation entered into force and compared the total fat and fatty acid profiles to the same brand or similar products being on the market afterwards. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, this was the first assessment to determine to which extent manufacturers increased saturated fat (SFA) content of foodstuffs to reduce iTFA content. In those product groups, which were identified as significant food sources of iTFA before introducing the regulation (biscuits, coffee creamers and flavorings, sweets, bakery products, confectionary, wafers, margarines) we found no significant changes in the total fat content, while in most foodstuffs the average proportion of SFA was higher after reformulation, as iTFA were mainly substituted with SFA in 61% of the products, with cis-MUFA in 25% and cis-PUFA in 14% of the products, respectively. Evidence from this analysis supports concerns that eliminating iTFA in certain foodstuffs leads to unwanted substitution with saturated fat, hence reducing the possible health benefits. Given the high SFA intake and the unfavourable cardiovascular statistics in Hungary, the consumption frequency and portion size control of these products are advised. Key messages Monitoring the changes of food composition is important in order to evaluate the effect of the regulation. Manufacturers should be encouraged to reduce the SFA content to a technologically feasible level.

scholarly journals The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the In Vivo Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Concentrations Independently to the Dietary Fatty Acid Compositions; Highlighting Dietary Routes that may Attenuate the Development of Metabolic Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jenkins ◽  
Manar Aoun ◽  
Christine Feillet-Coudray ◽  
Charles Coudray ◽  
Martin Ronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat; one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating compositions independently to their relative intake. Additionally, it is unknown how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation. Through two dietary studies with different total-fat levels but maintaining individual fatty acid compositions we were able to see how the dietary total-fat affects the fatty acids in circulation. We saw that there was a significant, proportionate, and robust decrease in the endogenous C15:0 levels with an increase in dietary total-fat. However, there was an increase in the circulating C17:0 compositions as the total-fat increased. To conclude, the dietary total-fat content and fat-type have a very complex influence on the relative compositions of circulating fatty acids, which are independent to the actual dietary fatty acid composition. Knowing how to manipulate circulating C15:0 and C17:0 composition is far-reaching in nutritional/pathological research as they highlight a dietary route to attenuate the development of metabolic disease (both by reducing risk and improving prognosis).

scholarly journals Genetic Risk Score Predictive of the Plasma Triglyceride Response to an Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in a Mexican Population

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Vallée Marcotte ◽  
Frédéric Guénard ◽  
Julien Marquis ◽  
Aline Charpagne ◽  
Felipe Vadillo-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Risk Alleles

Our group built a genetic risk score (GRS) of the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) supplementation in Caucasian Canadians that explained 21.53% of the TG variance. The objective was to refine the GRS by fine mapping and to test its association with the TG response in young Mexican adults. A total of 191 participants underwent a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation providing 2.7g/day of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 103 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. A stepwise regression adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) was used to select the strongest SNPs to include in the genetic risk model. A GRS was calculated from the sum of at-risk alleles. The contribution of the GRS to the TG response was assessed by ANCOVA with age, sex, and BMI included in the model. Several differences in allele frequency were observed between Canadians and Mexicans. Five lead SNPs were included in the genetic risk model, in which the GRS accounted for 11.01% of the variance of the TG response (p < 0.0001). These findings highlight the important contribution of genetic factors to the heterogeneity of the TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation among Mexicans.

Abstract P284: Role of a Genetic Risk Score with Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale S Hardy ◽  
Tesfaye Mersha ◽  
Hongyan Xu ◽  
Susan Racette
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Aric Study

Background: Studies have found associations between genetic polymorphisms, food intake, physical activity, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome (METs). Objective: We hypothesized that a genetic risk score (GRS) with food intake and physical activity are influenced by mediational and interaction effects to increase METs among White and African American adults. Methods: We used the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study data at the third visit from 1996-1998. Data included 8,416 Whites and 2,061 African Americans aged 41-71y with 1,484 and 517 cases of METs, respectively. METs was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Dietary data were obtained from the ARIC study food frequency questionnaire. The GRS was composed of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in cardiovascular and lipid metabolism, known to have defects in protein binding and function. Mediational path analysis using linear-and-logistic regression was used to test simultaneous associations, and interaction using multivariate logistic regression tested relationships between the GRS, food intake, physical activity and METs. In mediational path analysis, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, p>0.05, Comparative Factor Index, p>0.90, Tucker-Lewis Index, p>0.90, and chi-square test, p>0.05 were used to assess statistical significance. For interaction using logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals with p<0.05 were used to judge statistical significance. Results: In multivariate logistic regression, the GRS was associated with a 22% increased risk for METs among Whites (OR=1.22; 1.03-1.44), while this association was not significant in African Americans. After adjustment for Bonferonni correction for mass significance (p<0.001), we found among Whites that energy-adjusted total fat, animal fat, caloric intake, sugar-sweetened drinks, red meat, fried foods, and processed meats were associated with higher risk for METs, while energy-adjusted total carbohydrates, crude fiber, dietary fiber, and cereal fiber had a protective association with METs. These results were similar in African Americans but did not meet Bonferonni significance. In mediational analysis, we observed insignificant mediational effects, but significant direct effects for the GRS to METs for physical activity (OR=1.164; p=0.047) and fish intake (OR=1.161; p=0.050) among Whites and for carbohydrate intake (OR=1.164; p=0.058) and drinks consumed (OR=4.445; p<0.0000) among overweight/obese Whites. In interaction models, energy-adjusted carbohydrate, protein, animal fat, fructose, and sugary drinks interacted with the GRS to affect METs among Whites, but not African Americans. Conclusion: A GRS operates through interaction with dietary factors and physical activity rather than by their mediational effects on METs among White adults.

scholarly journals Stable Isotope Labeling Highlights Enhanced Fatty Acid and Lipid Metabolism in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Stuani ◽  
Fabien Riols ◽  
Pierre Millard ◽  
Marie Sabatier ◽  
Aurélie Batut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Background: In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a complete response to chemotherapy is usually obtained after conventional chemotherapy but overall patient survival is poor due to highly frequent relapses. As opposed to chronic myeloid leukemia, B lymphoma or multiple myeloma, AML is one of the rare malignant hemopathies the therapy of which has not significantly improved during the past 30 years despite intense research efforts. One promising approach is to determine metabolic dependencies in AML cells. Moreover, two key metabolic enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2), are mutated in more than 15% of AML patient, reinforcing the interest in studying metabolic reprogramming, in particular in this subgroup of patients. Methods: Using a multi-omics approach combining proteomics, lipidomics, and isotopic profiling of [U-13C] glucose and [U-13C] glutamine cultures with more classical biochemical analyses, we studied the impact of the IDH1 R132H mutation in AML cells on lipid biosynthesis. Results: Global proteomic and lipidomic approaches showed a dysregulation of lipid metabolism, especially an increase of phosphatidylinositol, sphingolipids (especially few species of ceramide, sphingosine, and sphinganine), free cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids in IDH1 mutant cells. Isotopic profiling of fatty acids revealed that higher lipid anabolism in IDH1 mutant cells corroborated with an increase in lipogenesis fluxes. Conclusions: This integrative approach was efficient to gain insight into metabolism and dynamics of lipid species in leukemic cells. Therefore, we have determined that lipid anabolism is strongly reprogrammed in IDH1 mutant AML cells with a crucial dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and fluxes, both being mediated by 2-HG (2-Hydroxyglutarate) production.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Venous Thromboembolism Risk through Favorable Lifestyle: The ARIC Study

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1151-1151
Author(s):  
Christina Evans ◽  
Ching-Png Hong ◽  
Aaron R Folsom ◽  
Susan Heckbert ◽  
Nicholas Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Aric Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with a strong genetic basis. Unhealthy lifestyle factors contribute to risk, but it is unknown whether healthier lifestyle can mitigate the risk for VTE in those at high genetic risk. We studied whether greater adherence to the American Heart Association's (AHA's) cardiovascular health metric called Life's Simple 7 (LS7) is associated with a lower rate of VTE in individuals with high genetic risk score (GRS) for VTE. Methods: We followed 9,026 middle-aged white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a prospective cohort of 15,792 individuals enrolled in 1987-89. A validated GRS was used, comprising 5 well known genetic conditions associated with VTE (factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210A, non-O blood group, factor XI rs4241824, and fibrinogen gamma FGG rs2066865). Only white participants were included, as the GRS did not predict VTE in others. AHA's LS7 categories of inadequate, average, and optimal health were determined based on smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. VTE events were adjudicated by expert medical record review. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident VTE by LS7 categories, stratified by GRS (low, intermediate, high), adjusting for age, sex, and education. HRs were also calculated for individual LS7 components stratified by GRS. Results: There were 466 incident VTE over 22.8 years of follow-up. Compared to those with optimal health, those with inadequate LS7 score had higher rates of VTE (5.7% vs. 3.9%). In Figure 1, compared to the high GRS / inadequate LS7 group, the HR of VTE in the low GRS group with optimal health was lowest at 0.39 (95% CI 0.25-0.61), but moreover, the HR in the high GRS group with optimal health was also attenuated to 0.65 (95% CI 0.48-0.89). The pattern of association was similar for provoked and unprovoked VTE. Of the LS7 components, obesity was most strongly related to VTE. In Figure 2, compared to obese / high GRS participants, the HR of VTE with normal weight / low GRS was 0.36 (95% CI 0.23-0.57), while the HR in high GRS / normal weight participants was reduced by 45%, at 0.55 (95% CI 0.4-0.76). Conclusion: Among all participants, even those at high genetic risk, healthier lifestyle factors, particularly obesity, were associated with decreased incidence of VTE. Further studies should determine the impact of lifestyle change among patients at high genetic risk of VTE, such as in thrombophilic families. Disclosures Heckbert: National Institutes of Health: Other: Grants.

scholarly journals The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00214-2020
Author(s):  
Magnus Svartengren ◽  
Gui-Hong Cai ◽  
Andrei Malinovschi ◽  
Jenny Theorell-Haglöw ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
The Impact

Study objectivesObesity is often associated with lower lung function; however, the interaction of lung function with central obesity and physical inactivity is less clear. As such, we investigated the effect on lung function of body size (body mass index (BMI)), central obesity (waist circumference (WC)) and self-reported physical activity.MethodsLung function, height, weight and WC were measured in 22 743 participants (12 791 women), aged 45–75 years, from the EpiHealth cohort study. Physical activity, gender and educational level were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsObesity, central obesity and physical inactivity were all associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). However, in participants without central obesity there was an increase in both FEV1 and FVC by BMI (% predicted FVC increasing from median 98%, interquartile range (IQR) 89–110% in underweight participants (BMI <20) to 103%, IQR 94–113% in obese participants (BMI ≥30)). In contrast, there was a decrease in % predicted FVC in participants with central obesity (from 98%, IQR 89–109% in the normal weight group to 95%, IQR 85–105% in the obese weight group). We further found a negative association between physical activity and lung function among those with low and high levels of physical activity (% predicted FEV1 97%, IQR 86–107% versus 103%, IQR 94–113%, respectively and % predicted FVC 96%, IQR 85–106% versus 103%, IQR 94–113%, respectively). All results remained when calculated by z-scores.ConclusionsThe association between BMI and lung function is dependent on the presence of central obesity. Independent of obesity, there is an association between physical activity and lung function.

scholarly journals Interaction between the genetic risk score and dietary protein intake on cardiometabolic traits in Southeast Asian

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooad Alsulami ◽  
A. S. Aji ◽  
U. Ariyasra ◽  
S. R. Sari ◽  
N. Tasrif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic diseases are complex traits which are influenced by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, analysing the combined effects of multiple gene variants might provide a better understanding of disease risk than using a single gene variant approach. Furthermore, studies have found that the effect of SNPs on cardiometabolic traits can be influenced by lifestyle factors, highlighting the importance of analysing gene-lifestyle interactions. Aims In the present study, we investigated the association of 15 gene variants with cardiometabolic traits and examined whether these associations were modified by lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and physical activity. Methods The study included 110 Minangkabau women [aged 25–60 years and body mass index (BMI) 25.13 ± 4.2 kg/m2] from Padang, Indonesia. All participants underwent a physical examination followed by anthropometric, biochemical and dietary assessments and genetic tests. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 15 cardiometabolic disease-related SNPs. The effect of GRS on cardiometabolic traits was analysed using general linear models. GRS-lifestyle interactions on continuous outcomes were tested by including the interaction term (e.g. lifestyle factor*GRS) in the regression model. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and location (rural or urban), wherever appropriate. Results There was a significant association between GRS and BMI, where individuals carrying 6 or more risk alleles had higher BMI compared to those carrying 5 or less risk alleles (P = 0.018). Furthermore, there were significant interactions of GRS with protein intake on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride concentrations (Pinteraction = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Among women who had a lower protein intake (13.51 ± 1.18% of the total daily energy intake), carriers of six or more risk alleles had significantly lower WC and triglyceride concentrations compared with carriers of five or less risk alleles (P = 0.0118 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our study confirmed the association of GRS with higher BMI and further showed a significant effect of the GRS on WC and triglyceride levels through the influence of a low-protein diet. These findings suggest that following a lower protein diet, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, might be an effective approach for addressing cardiometabolic diseases among Southeast Asian women.

scholarly journals Trends in total fat and fatty acid intakes and chronic health conditions in Korean adults over 2007–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
SuJin Song ◽  
Jae Eun Shim ◽  
Won O Song
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate trends in total fat and fatty acid intakes and chronic health conditions among Korean adults over nine years between 2007 and 2015.DesignCross-sectional, observational study using a stratified, multistage probability sampling design at a national level. Intakes of total fat and fatty acids were estimated from 24 h dietary recalls by sex and age groups. Trends of total fat and fatty acid intakes were determined by multiple linear regression after adjusting for covariates. Trends in age-standardized prevalence of obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia were examined by sex.SettingKorea.ParticipantsPopulation data of 47749 healthy adults (aged ≥19 years) derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2015.ResultsOver the survey period, daily intakes of energy and total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fats (grams and percentage of energy (%E)) increased steadily. In all sex and age groups, significant increases were seen in SFA intake from 9·9 g (4·7 %E) to 12·0 g (5·3 %E) and in MUFA intake from 9·9 g (4·6 %E) to 13·3 g (5·8 %E). The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia increased from 10·7 to 17·9 % over the same period.ConclusionsIn Korean adults, total fat, SFA and other fatty acids have been increasing along with the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia. This information can help set adequate macronutrient and fatty acid distribution ranges in developing population-specific preventive strategies against diet-related illness.

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