scholarly journals Promoting Healthy Eating among Young People—A Review of the Evidence of the Impact of School-Based Interventions

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2894
Author(s):  
Abina Chaudhary ◽  
František Sudzina ◽  
Bent Egberg Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
School Based ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Intro: Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among children and younger adults and is associated with unhealthy dietary habits and lack of physical activity. School food is increasingly brought forward as a policy to address the unhealthy eating patterns among young people. Aim: This study investigated the evidence for the effectiveness of school-based food and nutrition interventions on health outcomes by reviewing scientific evidence-based intervention studies amongst children at the international level. Methods: This study was based on a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Three electronic databases were systematically searched, reference lists were screened for studies evaluating school-based food and nutrition interventions that promoted children’s dietary behaviour and health aiming changes in the body composition among children. Articles dating from 2014 to 2019 were selected and reported effects on anthropometry, dietary behaviour, nutritional knowledge, and attitude. Results: The review showed that school-based interventions in general were able to affect attitudes, knowledge, behaviour and anthropometry, but that the design of the intervention affects the size of the effect. In general, food focused interventions taking an environmental approach seemed to be most effective. Conclusions: School-based interventions (including multicomponent interventions) can be an effective and promising means for promoting healthy eating, improving dietary behaviour, attitude and anthropometry among young children. Thus, schools as a system have the potential to make lasting improvements, ensuring healthy school environment around the globe for the betterment of children’s short- and long-term health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Skipping Breakfast on the Body Weight of Children and Young People in Saudi Arabia; A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Hanan Saleem Alhilabi ◽  
Anne Payne
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young People ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Aim: To review evidence on the impact of skipping breakfast on the body weight of children and young people of Saudi Arabia.  Method: A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, EBSCO (AMED, MEDLINE, and CINAHL), Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and EMBASE was conducted in March 2018 to identify primary published research. Additional studies were identified by hand searching in other sources such as subject-specific journals and grey literature. Any observational study, published in the English language in the last 20 years (1998-2018), involving healthy children and/or young people (5-24 years) in Saudi Arabia was included and the effect of skipping breakfast on their body weight was evaluated. Pre-defined information was extracted from each study onto a data extraction form for evaluation, following the Cochrane method for undertaking a systematic review. Study quality was evaluated using a Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.  Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, of which seven graded weak in quality assessment, while one paper scored moderate. Six studies show that regular breakfast consumption has a protective effect against overweight/obesity, of which three studies tested the correlation, while controlling for confounding variables. Two of the eight studies demonstrated no significant correlation. Breakfast intake was also found to have a positive association with student's academic performance, with two out of three trials demonstrating a significant relationship, but in linking regular breakfast habit with socioeconomic status, no effect was found.  Conclusion: The findings suggest that skipping breakfast is associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia and thus breakfast consumption is associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity. However, in view of the array of methods used to define breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity, as well as the less robust nature of observational studies we cannot conclusively assume this relationship, suggesting further more controlled studies are required. Key words: Obesity, overweight, breakfast, breakfast skipping, children, young people, Saudi Arabia.

School-based interventions for the treatment of childhood obesity: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of cluster randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Tarcisus Ho ◽  
Ling Jie Cheng ◽  
Ying Lau
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Objective Schools offer an ideal setting for childhood obesity interventions due to their access to children and adolescents. This review aimed to systematically review the impact of school-based intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Design Eight databases were searched from inception till May 30, 2020. A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria were used to evaluate the risk of bias and overall evidence. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on Stata software using the random-effects model. Overall effect was evaluated using Hedges’ g, and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2. Setting Cluster randomised trials (cluster-RCTs) delivered in school. Participants Children and adolescents (6-18 years of age) with overweight and obesity. Results Twelve cluster-RCTs from seven countries with 1,755 participants were included in the meta-analysis. School-based interventions for the treatment of childhood obesity reduced body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores with a medium effect (g=0·52). Subgroup analyses showed the greater effectiveness of brief school-based interventions and the interventions conducted in lower-middle to upper-middle economies. Meta-regression assessed the heterogeneity and the final model, with covariates of the type of economies and trial duration, accounted for 41.2% of the variability. The overall quality of evidence was rated low because of the high risk of bias and inconsistency. Conclusions School-based interventions is a possible approach to provide universal healthcare for the treatment of childhood obesity, and further well-designed cluster-RCTs with longer follow-up are needed. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020160735).

School-Based Nutrition Programs for Adolescents in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Situation Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110207
Author(s):  
Colette Rector ◽  
Nadhira Nuraini Afifa ◽  
Varun Gupta ◽  
Abbas Ismail ◽  
Dominic Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: Tanzania has a double burden of malnutrition, including a high prevalence of undernutrition and an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Schools present a valuable opportunity to reach a large section of the country’s adolescent population with nutrition-oriented interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the current state of adolescent school nutrition interventions in Dodoma, Tanzania, with emphases on 3 potential school-based nutrition interventions, school vegetable gardens, school meals, and education (on nutrition, agriculture, and water, sanitation, and hygiene). Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted with several regional and district-level governmental stakeholders, including health, education, and agricultural officers. Ten public secondary schools were visited, and interviews with school administrators, teachers, students, and parents were conducted. Results: All stakeholders interviewed supported interventions to improve school-based nutrition, including school gardens, school feeding, and nutrition education. All 10 schools visited had some experience providing school meals, but parents’ contributions were essential for the program’s sustainability. Most schools visited had land available for a school garden program, but water availability could be challenging during certain times of the year. The teachers interviewed expressed that the curriculum on nutrition education was highly theoretical and did not allow students to practice the knowledge and skills they learned in the classroom. Conclusions: The current school-based approach to tackling the double burden of adolescent malnutrition in Dodoma is localized and ad hoc. To leverage the potential of schools as a platform for nutrition interventions, integrated and policy-mandated interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Children’s Weight Gain and Cardiovascular Fitness Loss over the Summer

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Brusseau ◽  
Ryan Burns
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Activity Programming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Related Fitness

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of summer breaks on the body composition and cardiovascular fitness of elementary school children who participated in a multi-year school-based physical activity intervention. Participants were 404 children who had their height and weight measured and completed the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) during physical education classes at the beginning and end of the school year for three consecutive years. To examine the effects of time on health-related fitness data, general linear mixed effects models were employed. The results indicate that there was a trend toward an increase in body mass index (BMI) after the summer of 2015 (p = 0.958), and a significant increase in BMI after the summer of 2016 compared to time point 1 (p < 0.001). For PACER laps, there were trends toward decreases in PACER laps after the summers of 2015 (p = 0.515) and 2016 (p = 0.073). Summer breaks tended to attenuate the BMI and PACER lap improvements that were observed during the intervention. While school-based physical activity programming has had some successes in improving health-related fitness markers, the loss of these improvements over the summer is of concern to both practitioners and researchers. It is clear that additional efforts are needed to limit obesogenic behaviors during the summer months.

Youth and Consumption

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Capuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Deviance ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
Conduct Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
The Impact

The kaleidoscope of social identity is defined by multiple forces of signification. Gender, ethnicity, and class trace porous borders of the social and symbolic space within which consumption practices unfold, changing, forcing, and sometimes even subverting the apparent fixity of those spaces. The transition from childhood to adulthood is marked by clear biological changes that affect the conduct of life and the ways in which to confront a series of phases in the form of the transformation and maturation of the body. The analysis of consumption practices can be useful in showing how young people define themselves. As part of a discussion on youth and consumption, this article focuses on cultures of consumption among young workers. It also discusses the social deviance and consumer behaviour of young people, the impact of advertising on the social representation of the youth body, films and fantasies, and the emergence of a youth mass market.

ADHD and school

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Merrell ◽  
Kapil Sayal
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Within the school environment, teachers are well placed to identify children who exhibit ADHD symptoms. Universal school-based screening for ADHD is, however, not recommended. Teachers’ ratings of children’s behaviour at age 5 have been found to predict later academic outcomes. Longitudinal research suggests that inattention is substantively and significantly associated with poor academic outcomes whereas hyperactivity is not significantly related to later academic attainment, and impulsivity might be advantageous. Symptoms of inattention remain largely stable over time but symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity change. Whilst the school environment can present significant challenges for children with ADHD, advice and guidance to teachers about how to help children with inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviour to succeed in the classroom can facilitate more positive behavioural and academic outcomes. There is a need for research that assesses long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of school-based interventions as well as the impact of transition into secondary schooling.

scholarly journals Preventing domestic abuse for children and young people: A review of school-based interventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Stanley ◽  
Jane Ellis ◽  
Nicola Farrelly ◽  
Sandra Hollinghurst ◽  
Soo Downe
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions

scholarly journals School-based interventions targeting stigma of mental illness: systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
School Based ◽  
Programme Design ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
A Current

Aims and methodTo systematically review the published literature on the effectiveness of classroom-based interventions to tackle the stigma of mental illness in young people, and to identify any consistent elements within successful programmes.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the analysis. A minority of studies reported a positive impact on stigma or knowledge outcomes at follow-up and there were considerable methodological shortcomings in the studies reviewed. These interventions varied substanitally in content and delivery. It was not possible to use this data to draw out what aspects make a successful intervention. There is currently no strong evidence to support previous conclusions that these types of intervention work for children and adolescents.Clinical implicationsWhen anti-stigma interventions for young people are rolled out in the future, it is important that the programme design and method of delivery have evidence to prove their effectiveness, and that the audience and setting are the most appropriate to target. There is a current lack of strong evidence to inform this.

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