scholarly journals Cordyceps militaris Fruit Body Extract Decreases Testosterone Catabolism and Testosterone-Stimulated Prostate Hypertrophy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kusama ◽  
Mayuko Miyagawa ◽  
Koichiro Ota ◽  
Naoko Kuwabara ◽  
Kaori Saeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Prostatic Cell

The androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are essential for a variety of systemic functions in mature males. Alteration of these hormones results in late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). The fruit bodies of fungi of the genus Cordyceps have been regarded as folk medicine or health food with tonic and antifatigue effects. The extract from the fruit body of Cordyceps militaris parasitizing Samia cynthia ricini (CM) was evaluated as a novel-candidate natural product for ameliorating male andropause symptoms. To explore the effects of CM on LOH and BPH, CM was applied to rat models and cultured testicular cells and prostate cells. The concentrations of androgens in the serum and culture media were determined by ELISA. Expression of steroidogenic enzymes and androgen-related genes was evaluated by qPCR, and prostatic cell proliferation was assessed with the cell-viability assay. CM maintained the serum levels of testosterone and DHT, but inhibited testosterone-induced prostate hypertrophy. CM also increased the secretion of testosterone and DHT by primary testicular cells, with no changes in the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, but decreased the growth of prostatic cell lines. Our data suggest that CM could improve both LOH and BPH in males.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides Obtained from Cordyceps militaris Alleviate Hyperglycemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat/Sucrose Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Bao-Hong Lee ◽  
Chia-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Yi-Yun Hsu ◽  
Pei-Ting Chuang ◽  
Ming-Kuei Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Health Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Polysaccharides isolated from fungus Cordyceps militaris display multi-biofunctions, such as immunostimulation, down-regulation of hyperlipidemia, and anti-cancer function. The occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of C. militaris and its fractions on modifying metabolic syndrome in mice were evaluated. Mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 14 weeks to induce body weight increase and hyperlipidemia symptoms in mice, and then the mice were simultaneously given a HFSD and C. militaris samples for a further 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fruit body, polysaccharides, and cordycepin obtained from C. militaris had different efficacies on regulating metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota in HFSD-treated mice. Polysaccharides derived from C. militaris decreased the levels of blood sugar and serum lipids in mice fed HFSD. In addition, C. militaris-polysaccharide treatment obviously improved intestinal dysbiosis through promoting the population of next generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of mice fed HFSD. In conclusion, polysaccharides derived from C. militaris have the potential to act as dietary supplements and health food products for modifying the gut microbiota to improve the metabolic syndrome.

Heat and light stresses affect metabolite production in the fruit body of the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 4523-4533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiaojiao ◽  
Wang Fen ◽  
Liu Kuanbo ◽  
Liu Qing ◽  
Yang Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Metabolite Production

scholarly journals Steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression profile and steroids production in bovine theca cells cultured in vitro and stimulated with angiotensin II

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melânia Lazzari Rigo ◽  
Andressa Minussi Pereira Dau ◽  
Werner Giehl Glanzner ◽  
Manoel Martins ◽  
Renato Zanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Mrna Profile ◽  
Dose Response Effect

The main objective of this study was to detect the steroidogenic effects of Ang II in bovine theca cells in vitro. Bovine theca cells were obtained from follicles (larger than 10mm of diameter) collected from a local abattoir and submitted to different treatments in a sequence of experiments. In experiment 1, CYP17A1 mRNA profile was evaluated in LH- (10ng ml-1) and Ang II-treated (0.1µM) theca cells. In experiment 2, a dose-response effect of Ang II (0.001; 0.1 e 10µM) plus insulin (100ng ml-1) and LH (100ng ml-1) was evaluated on steroidogenesis of bovine theca cells. Experiment 3 explored the effects of saralasin (an antagonist of Ang II receptors) on steroid production and steroidogenic enzymes regulation in theca cells. After 24 hours, culture media from experiments 2 and 3 was collected to evaluate testosterone and androstenedione levels by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. In parallel, mRNA levels of key steroidogenic enzymes (HSD3B2, CYP11A1, CYP17A1) and STAR were assessed by RT-PCR. There was no difference in testosterone and androstenedione production between treated and controls groups, as well as in mRNA levels of the evaluated genes. In conclusion, the results suggest that Ang II does not regulate steroidogenesis in bovine theca cells

Ginsenoside Rb2 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammation and ER Stress in HUVECs and THP-1 Cells via the AMPK-Mediated Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 967-985
Author(s):  
Jaw Long Sun ◽  
A.M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Ji Hoon Jeong ◽  
Tae Woo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Ampk Phosphorylation ◽  
Ginsenoside Rb2

Inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been documented to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside Rb2 has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic effects. However, the effects of Rb2 on atherosclerotic responses such as inflammation and ER stress in endothelial cells and monocytes remain unclear. In this study, the expression of inflammation and ER stress markers was determined using a Western blotting method. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF[Formula: see text]) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in culture media were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and apoptosis was evaluated by a cell viability assay and a caspase-3 activity measurement kit. We found that exposure of HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes to Rb2 attenuated inflammation and ER stress, resulting in amelioration of apoptosis and THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) condition. Increased AMPK phosphorylation and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, including GPR120 expression were observed in Rb2-treated HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes. Downregulation of both, AMPK phosphorylation and HO-1expression rescued these observed changes. Furthermore, GPR120 siRNA mitigated Rb2-induced AMPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that Rb2 inhibits LPS-mediated apoptosis and THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs by GPR120/AMPK/HO-1-associated attenuating inflammation and ER stress. Therefore, Rb2 can be used as a potential therapeutic molecule for treatment of atherosclerosis.

Cordyceps militaris fruit body extract ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis by attenuating oxidative stress and renal inflammation via the NF-κB pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2006-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Song ◽  
Yingwu Wang ◽  
Chungang Liu ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Liying He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Renal Inflammation ◽  
Nephritic Syndrome ◽  
Body Extract ◽  
Common Pathogenesis

Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a common pathogenesis of nephritic syndrome in adult patients.

scholarly journals Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kontogiannatos ◽  
Georgios Koutrotsios ◽  
Savvina Xekalaki ◽  
Georgios I. Zervakis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Caterpillar Fungus ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration—usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation—results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.

scholarly journals ApoE4-carrying Human Astrocytes Oversupply Cholesterol into Neurons and Promote Aβ Generation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-In Lee ◽  
Woojin Jeong ◽  
Sukhee Cho ◽  
Hyein Lee ◽  
Yonghee Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Human Astrocytes ◽  
Human Neurons ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Aβ Generation ◽  
Aβ Production

Abstract The onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) typically occurs later in life. Importantly, however, recent genetic analysis of patients and unaffected individuals revealed multiple genetic variants associated with late-onset AD. One of the strongest genetic risk factors for AD is 𝜀4 allele of APOE encoding apolipoprotein (ApoE), which is predominantly expressed in glial cells. One of the overarching questions is whether and how this astrocyte-enriched risk factor initiates AD-associated pathology in neurons such as Aβ accumulation and neurodegeneration. Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from healthy individuals and isogenic cells in which the ApoE 𝜀3 allele was replaced with an 𝜀4 allele to generate human neurons and astrocytes. We then investigate the effect of astrocytic ApoE4 on the neuronal Aβ production. We find that secretory factors in conditioned media from hiPSC-derived astrocytes carrying APOE4 significantly increased the levels of APP and Aβ secretion in hiPSC-derived neurons. Increasing cholesterol levels in culture media mimicked the effects of ApoE4 ACM by inducing the formation of lipid rafts that potentially provide a physical platform for APP localization on the membrane. We further found that reducing cholesterol levels in ApoE4 ACM with MβCD abolished its effects on neuronal lipid raft expansion and Aβ generation. Our study suggests that ApoE4 astrocytes contribute to amyloidosis by the expansion of lipid rafts and facilitate neuronal Ab production through oversupply of cholesterol.

Optimization of Culture Media and ITS Identification of Tricholoma matsutake

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1574-1580
Author(s):  
Ji Zhong Wang ◽  
Zhong Hai Jiang ◽  
Shang Yong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Rdna Its Sequences

Aims: To optimize the culture media of 0288 Tricholoma matsutake and to identify it according to its rDNA ITS sequence. Methods: Fruit body, collected from Heilongjiang province, is used as the material, and the mycelium is isolated and radiated under ultraviolet. Then the radiated mycelium is cultured in five different media and its morphology of fungus colony and growth rate are investigated. After that, the rDNA ITS sequences of 0288 and the natural fruit body of T. matsutake are analyzed and identified by PCR and sequencing. Results: The radiated mycelium grew faster in formula A culture medium than others and its average growth rate is up to 0.575mm/d. Results also showed that the homology of the rDNA ITS sequence is almost up to 99% between 0288 and the natural fruit body. Through this experiment, the best growth condition of 0288 is obtained and its fruit body is induced as pure cultural product. It would lay strong foundation for the artificial domestication of the wild T. matsutake.

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