Comparison of α-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol Acetate, and α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate 1000 Absorption by Caco-2 TC7 Intestinal Cells

(1) Background: vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of tocopherol acetate, but it has poor bioavailability and can fail to correct blood tocopherol concentrations in some patients with severe cholestasis. In this context, α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS) has been of value, but very little is known about the mechanisms of its absorption. The aim of our work was to evaluate the mechanisms of absorption/secretion of TPGS compared to tocopherol acetate (TAC) and α-tocopherol by human enterocyte-like Caco-2 TC7 cells. (2) Methods: two weeks post-confluence Caco-2 cells were incubated with tocopherol- or TAC- or TPGS-rich mixed micelles up to 24 h and, following lipid extraction, TAC and tocopherol amounts were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in apical, cellular, and basolateral compartments. (3) Results: at equivalent concentrations of tocopherol in the apical side, the amounts of tocopherol secreted at the basolateral pole of Caco-2 cells are (i) significantly greater when the tocopherol is in the free form in the micelles; (ii) intermediate when it is in the TAC form in the micelles (p < 0.001); and (iii) significantly lower with the TPGS form (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, our results show, for the first time, that Caco-2 cells secrete one or more esterified forms of the vitamin contained in TPGS at the basolateral side.

Download Full-text

Transport of an influenza virus vaccine formulation (iscom) in Caco-2 cells

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1996.270.4.g554 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (4) ◽

pp. G554-G564

Author(s):

L. Lazorova ◽

P. Artursson ◽

A. Engstrom ◽

A. Sjolander

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

High Performance ◽

Gel Chromatography ◽

Antigenic Peptides ◽

Virus Envelope ◽

Apical Side ◽

Basolateral Side ◽

Intracellular Vesicles ◽

Orally Active

The influenza virus envelope glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were administered to the apical or basolateral sides of Caco-2 monolayers either as native protein micelles (mic-ag) or after incorporation into the orally active adjuvant formulation, immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) (isc-ag). Biotin-conjugated isc-ag were localized in intracellular vesicles as early as 2 min after administration to the apical side at 37 degrees C. Ten minutes after administration, both intracellular vesicles and intercellular spaces were labeled, and extracellular labeling was observed on the basolateral side of the cells, indicating that isc-ag were transported across the epithelium within 10 min of exposure. Transport of 125I-labeled isc-ag and mic-ag in the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical directions across Caco-2 monolayers was comparable at 37 degrees C. Gel chromatography analysis revealed that only 0.55-3.1% of transported isc-ag and mic-ag had a molecular weight of > 5,000, while 21.0-42.3% was eluted at a position corresponding to peptides of approximately 10 amino acids. Although isc-ag and mic-ag were transported and degraded by Caco-2 monolayers in comparable amounts, only transported isc-ag induced a dose-dependent proliferative response in vitro of T cells primed with influenza virus antigen. High-performance gel chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that transported antigenic isc-ag consisted of hydrophobic peptides with a molecular weight of < or = 3,000. These results indicate that antigens incorporated into the orally active adjuvant formulation iscom are degraded to antigenic peptides during transport across the intestinal epithelium.

Download Full-text

STUDIES OF TOCOPHEROL REQUIREMENTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.32.1.36 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 36-46

Author(s):

Richard B. Goldbloom

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Full Term ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Glycol Succinate ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Term Infants ◽

Tocopherol Concentration ◽

Tocopherol Acetate

Premature infants were fed an artificial formula essentially free of tocopherol over the first 6 months of life. These infants were compared to two other groups of prematures one fed a formula of "average" tocopherol content, and the third group a tocopherol-fortified product. Although the use of the "tocopherol-free" product resulted in extremely low tocopherol concentration in serum, no significant differences were observed in the three groups of infants with respect to weight increment, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte counts, hematocrit value, or in erythrocyte glutathione and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The requirements of the normal premature infant are met by a formula containing 3.0 mg of alpha tocopherol per liter of formula, in terms of achieving normal concentrations in serum during a 1-to-2-month period. Absorption studies in healthy full-term infants in the first week of life failed to reveal any significant differences in the degree of absorption of tocopherol as d-alpha tocopherol acetate, d-1 alpha tocopherol acetate and d alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, when administered in test doses providing 2.0 and 10.0 mg of free tocopherol. Observations on the effects of tocopherol supplementation on concentrations in serum of healthy full-term infants fed partly skim milk formula suggest that a daily supplement providing 0.5 mg of free tocopherol is adequate to produce a rapid rise to normal serum levels. However, except in terms of tocopherol concentrations, this study does not answer the question of true biological need for a tocopherol supplement in artificially fed infants. Because of the variable but marked decrease in tocopherol absorption in children with fibrocystic disease, very large supplements are necessary to maintain normal levels in serum. The observations reported here suggest that a minimum supplement of 100 mg tocopherol per day (free to-copherol as d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate) is likely to be necessary in such patients, in order to restore serum concentrations to normal.

Download Full-text

Superionic Lithium Intercalation through 2 nm x 2 nm Columns in the Crystallographic Shear Phase Nb18W8O69

10.26434/chemrxiv.11231153.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kent Griffith ◽

Clare Grey

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Block Size ◽

Lithium Intercalation ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Complex Metal Oxides ◽

Battery Electrode ◽

Crystallographic Shear ◽

Battery Material ◽

First Time

Nb18W8O69 (9Nb2O5×8WO3) is the tungsten-rich end-member of the Wadsley–Roth crystallographic shear (cs) structures within the Nb2O5–WO3 series. It has the largest block size of any known, stable Wadsley–Roth phase, comprising 5 ´ 5 units of corner-shared MO6 octahedra between the shear planes, giving rise to 2 nm ´ 2 nm blocks. Rapid lithium intercalation is observed in this new candidate battery material and 7Li pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy – measured in a battery electrode for the first time at room temperature – reveals superionic lithium conductivity. In addition to its promising rate capability, Nb18W8O69 adds a piece to the larger picture of our understanding of high-performance Wadsley–Roth complex metal oxides.

Download Full-text

Development of an HPLC-UV Method for Quantification of Stattic

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412914666180523092957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 568-573

Author(s):

Soheil Sedaghat ◽

Ommoleila Molavi ◽

Akram Faridi ◽

Ali Shayanfar ◽

Mohammad Reza Rashidi

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Promising Target ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Dimerization Inhibitor ◽

Oncogenic Protein ◽

First Time ◽

Transcription 3

Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogenic protein found constitutively active in many types of human malignancies, is considered to be a promising target for cancer therapy. Objective: In this study for the first time, a simple and accurate method has been developed for the determination of a STAT3 dimerization inhibitor called stattic in aqueous and plasma samples. Methods: A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) composed of C18 column as stationary phase, and the mixture of acetonitrile (60%) and water (40%) as mobile phase with a UV detection at 215 nm were applied for quantification of stattic. The developed method was validated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. Results: The method provided a linear range between 1-40 and 2.5-40 µg mL-1 for aqueous and plasma samples, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy (as recovery) of the developed method was found to be between 95-105% for aqueous medium and 85-115% for plasma samples. The precision (as relative standard deviation) for aqueous and plasma samples was less than 6% and 15%, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed method based on FDA guideline was 1 µg mL-1 for aqueous and 2.5 µg mL-1 for plasma samples. Conclusion: These results show that the established method is a fast and accurate quantification for stattic in aqueous and plasma samples.

Download Full-text

Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4166

Author(s):

Agata Konarska ◽

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽

Aneta Sulborska ◽

Beata Polak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

High Performance ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Lipophilic Compounds ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Trichome Types ◽

First Time

The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

Download Full-text

Nanostructured intermetallic InSb as a high-capacity and high-performance negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries

Sustainable Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1039/d1se00386k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irshad Mohammad ◽

Lucie Blondeau ◽

Eddy Foy ◽

Jocelyne Leroy ◽

Eric Leroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermetallic Compound ◽

High Performance ◽

High Capacity ◽

Negative Electrode ◽

Sodium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion Batteries ◽

Negative Electrodes ◽

First Time

Following the trends of alloys as negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries, the sodiation of the InSb intermetallic compound was investigated for the first time. The benefit of coupling Sb with...

Download Full-text

Nanoliposomal Cercodemasoide A and Its Improved Activities Against NTERA-2 Cancer Stem Cells

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20982108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098210

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Nga ◽

Do Thi Phuong ◽

Nguyen Thi Cuc ◽

Trieu Ha Phuong ◽

Pham Thi Mai Huong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Free Form ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Novel Target ◽

Average Size ◽

Biopharmaceutical Properties ◽

First Time

Recently, saponins derived from marine sources have received much attention because of their promising bioactivities, such as anticancer, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation. In particular, a triterpene saponin from the sea cucumber Cercodemas anceps Selenka, cercodemasoide A (CAN1), showed potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Recent evidence has indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) could be a novel target for efficient cancer therapies. In order to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of CAN1, the compound was loaded into nanoliposomes as an ideal drug carrier. CAN1 was successfully incorporated into nanoliposomes as small unilamellar liposome vesicles with an average size of 73.39 ± 1.57 nm, zeta potential of −0.299 ± 0.046 mV, polydispersity index of 0.336 ± 0.038, and with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 62.9%. For the first time, CAN1 and its nanoliposomal forms have been shown to have a promising cytotoxic activity against NTERA-2 CSCs, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) =1.03 ± 0.04 and 0.41 ± 0.03 µM, respectively. The CAN1 nanoliposomes also presented significantly improved activities in suppressing the growth of NTERA-2 3-dimensional tumorspheres (IC50 = 1.71 ± 0.06 µM) in comparison with the free form ( P < .05). The anti-CSC effects of CAN1 nanoliposomes on NTERA-2 cells were due to their apoptotic induction through enhancing caspase-3 activity (more than 2-fold) and arresting the cell cycle at the S phase ( P < .05). The obtained CAN1-encapsulated nanoliposomes suggest valuable applications in CSC-targeting treatment for more efficient clinical therapy.

Download Full-text

Investigation of the micellar properties of the tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate surfactants TPGS 400 and TPGS 1000 by steady state fluorometry

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.048 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 333 (2) ◽

pp. 585-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

M. Sadoqi ◽

C.A. Lau-Cam ◽

S.H. Wu

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Glycol Succinate ◽

Micellar Properties

Download Full-text

An expanded isoindigo unit as a new building block for a conjugated polymer leading to high-performance solar cells

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c3ta15291j ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (15) ◽

pp. 5427-5433 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Shugang Li ◽

Zhongcheng Yuan ◽

Jianyu Yuan ◽

Ping Deng ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Building Block ◽

Conjugated Polymer ◽

High Performance ◽

Fill Factor ◽

Solar Cell Device ◽

Donor Acceptor ◽

First Time

An expanded isoindigo unit (IBTI) has been incorporated into a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer for the first time. The PCE of the solar cell device based on the new polymer reached 6.41% with a fill factor of 0.71.

Download Full-text