scholarly journals Twenty-Five-Year Trends in Dietary Patterns among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Jiguo Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Wenwen Du ◽  
Feifei Huang ◽  
Hongru Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Data

Poor dietary habits have been shown to be associated with a range of chronic diseases and can potentially be a major contributor to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) mortality. We therefore aimed to identify the prevailing dietary patterns among Chinese adults and to evaluate trends in dietary patterns from 1991 to 2015. We used data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis of data from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. We studied 29,238 adults aged 18 and above with complete demo-graphic and dietary data. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified: southern (high intakes of rice, vegetables, and pork), modern (high intakes of fruits, dairy products, cakes, cookies, and pastries), and meat (high intakes of organ meats, poultry, and other livestock meat). The southern pattern score decreased (mean ± SD scores in 1991: 0.11 ± 1.13; scores in 2015: −0.22 ± 0.93). The modern pattern score (mean ± SD scores in 1991: −0.44 ± 0.59; scores in 2015: 0.21 ± 1.01) and meat pattern score (mean ± SD scores in 1991: −0.18 ± 0.98; scores in 2015: 0.27 ± 0.91) increased. We observed that China has experienced a shift from traditional dietary patterns to western dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns are associated with insulin resistance in Chinese adults without known diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zuo ◽  
Zumin Shi ◽  
Baojun Yuan ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
Xiaoqun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and insulin resistance in Chinese adults without known diabetes. Study subjects were 1070 Chinese adults aged 18 years and above in Jiangsu Province who participated in the 2006 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Usual dietary intake was assessed by using a validated FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis using a principal component analysis method. Insulin resistance was defined as the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. We derived four dietary patterns in our population by factor analysis: the Western, High-wheat, Traditional and Hedonic pattern. After adjusted for potential confounders, the Western pattern was significantly associated with greater odds for insulin resistance (P for trend = 0·009), while a significant negative association was found between the Hedonic pattern and insulin resistance (P for trend = 0·035). Compared with the lowest quartile of the Western pattern, the highest quartile had higher odds of insulin resistance (adjusted OR 1·89, 95 % CI 1·12, 3·19). There was a 42 % decrease in the odds after adjustment for all covariates in the highest quartile of the Hedonic pattern, compared with the lowest quartile (adjusted OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·34, 0·99). HOMA-IR levels as a continuous variable also increased across the quartiles of the Western pattern and decreased across the quartiles of the Hedonic pattern. In conclusion, dietary patterns were significantly associated with insulin resistance in Chinese adults without known diabetes.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiguo Zhang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Feifei Huang ◽  
Xiaofan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
The Impact

It is essential to understand the impact of different dietary pattern trajectories on health over time. Therefore, we aimed to explore the long-term trajectories of dietary patterns among Chinese adults and examine the prospective association between different trajectory groups and the risk of overweight/obesity. The sample was 9299 adults aged 18 years or older from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 1991 and 2018. We used factor analysis to identify dietary patterns and group-based trajectory modeling to identify dietary pattern trajectories. Three trajectories of a southern pattern and a modern pattern and four trajectories of a meat pattern were identified. Participants who followed the highest initial score and a slight decrease trajectory (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.54) of the meat dietary pattern were positively associated with risk of overweight/obesity when compared with the lowest initial score trajectory. The southern dietary pattern and the modern dietary pattern trajectories of participants in Group 2 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.81; OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.91) and Group 3 (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.91; OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) were associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity when compared with Group 1. We observed that dietary pattern trajectories have different associations with overweight/obesity among Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Diseases among Chinese Adults in Baoji

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglin Wang ◽  
Feng Deng ◽  
Meng Qu ◽  
Peirong Yang ◽  
Biao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Traditional Patterns

Objective. This study was aimed to identify the dietary patterns among Chinese adults in Baoji and explore the association between these dietary patterns and chronic diseases.Methods. With multistage stratified random sampling and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, the prevalence of chronic disease and dietary intake was investigated in 2013. We used factor analysis to establish dietary patterns.Results. A total of 5020 participants over 15 years old were included in this study. Five dietary patterns were identified in Baoji named as protein, balanced, beans, prudent, and traditional patterns. There are many protective effects with protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns on chronic diseases.Conclusions. We should encourage Baoji city residents to choose protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns and abandon prudent and traditional patterns.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic diseases in 0.5 million Chinese adults: a 10-year cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Qin ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zheng Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background The effect of the overall diet quality on cardiometabolic diseases has been well studied in the Western population. However, evidence is still in need regarding dietary patterns depicting unique Chinese dietary habits and their associations with cardiometabolic diseases. Methods A prospective cohort recruited around 0.5 million Chinese residents aged 30–79 years from 10 diverse survey sites during 2004–08. Dietary patterns were obtained using factor analysis based on the habitual consumption of 12 food groups collected at baseline. Among 477,465 eligible participants free of prior heart disease, stroke and cancer, linkages to multiple registries and health insurance database recorded 137,715 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and 17,412 diabetes cases (among 451,846 non-diabetic participants) until 31 December 2017. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to compare the risks of cardiometabolic diseases across quintiles of dietary pattern scores using the Cox regression. Results Two dietary patterns were derived: the traditional northern pattern, characterised by wheat, other staples, egg and dairy products; and the modern pattern, featured with fresh fruit, meat, poultry, fish, dairy products and soybean. Adherence to either dietary pattern was associated with lower risks of major cardiometabolic diseases in a dose-response relationship way. After multivariate adjustment, participants adhering to the traditional northern pattern the most had an 8% (95%CI: 5–11%) lower risk of CVD in comparison with those adhering the least. Corresponding risk reductions were 12% (11–32%) for haemorrhagic stroke (HS), 14% (8–19%) for ischaemic stroke (IS), and 15% (6–24%) for diabetes, respectively. When comparing extreme quintiles of the modern pattern, the adjusted HR of HS was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.59–0.77). Corresponding HRs were 0.89 (0.86–0.92) for CVD, 0.88 (0.77–0.99) for MCE, 0.85 (0.80–0.89) for IS, and 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) for diabetes. Conclusion Among Chinese adults, both traditional northern and modern dietary patterns were associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes beyond other risk factors.

scholarly journals Associations between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Minjuan Li ◽  
Zhixin Cui ◽  
Shuangli Meng ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Tong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Studies investigating the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among Chinese populations are strikingly limited. To assess the associations between dietary GI and GL values and CMRF, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, we extracted data of 7886 apparently healthy adults from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary GI and GL values were calculated using data collected from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Fasting lipid, glucose, and uric acid concentrations were measured and CMRF were defined on the basis of established criteria. There were no significant associations between dietary GI values and CMRF, and analyzing the data by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and region did not alter these results. Dietary GL values were positively associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia in all participants (Q4 compared with Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87; p-trend = 0.0030) and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants ≥ 60 years old (Q5 compared with Q1: OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.68; p-trend < 0.0010). Higher dietary GL but not GI values were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia in apparently healthy Chinese adults and hypercholesterolemia in older Chinese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the public health implication of these findings.

U-shaped Association Between Dietary Zinc Intake and New-onset Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan He ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Household Food Inventory ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset diabetes among Chinese adults. Materials and Methods A total of 16 257 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, or glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. Results A total of 1097 participants developed new-onset diabetes during a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). The risk of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower in participants with zinc intake &lt; 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88), and higher in those with zinc intake ≥ 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13). Consistently, when dietary zinc intake was assessed as deciles, compared with those in deciles 2-8 (8.9 -&lt;12.2 mg/day), the risk of new-onset diabetes was higher for decile 1 (&lt;8.9 mg/day: HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), and deciles 9 to 10 (≥12.2 mg/day: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38-1.90). Similar U-shaped relations were found for plant-derived or animal-derived zinc intake with new-onset diabetes (all P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). Conclusions There was a U-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 9.1 mg/day.

Trends in Dietary Patterns and Diet-related Behaviors in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Tao Bu ◽  
Daisheng Tang ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Dangui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Rice Consumption

Objectives: Determination of trends in diet-related behaviors and their interactions with cardio-metabolic diseases is an important research endeavor. Methods: We analyzed food categories, weight, eating frequency, eating location, cooking methods, time of food intake, dietary knowledge, food preference, nutritional structure over time, and their interaction with cardiometabolic risks, using t tests and χ2 tests, based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey packages from 1997 to 2011. Results: Consumption of fruits, dairy products, snacks, fast food, and beverages has increased significantly, as a concomitant and marked decrease in rice consumption has occurred. Food categories, eating frequency, cooking methods, and at-home eating are gradually increasing and diversifying. Persons not only prefer to consume carbohydrate-rich foods like fruits and vegetables, but also enjoy energy-dense foods like meat, snacks, and beverages. There has been a switch from a predominantly plant-based diet to a Western style diet high in fat and animal-based foods. People have undergone significant changes in reducing the intake of energy, carbohydrates, and protein, but significantly increased their fat intake. Conclusion: Chinese dietary patterns and diet-related behaviors have undergone significant transition in the past few decades, trending towards diversification and modernization.

scholarly journals Long-term BMI change trajectories in Chinese adults and its association with the hazard of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 20-year China Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000879
Author(s):  
Baibing Mi ◽  
Chenlu Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Gao ◽  
Wentao Wu ◽  
Jiaoyang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Change Trajectories ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionTo investigate the relationship between long-term change trajectory in body mass index (BMI) and the hazard of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.Research design and methodsData were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Type 2 diabetes was reported by participants themselves in each survey wave. The duration of follow-up was defined as the period from the first visit to the first time self-reported type 2 diabetes, death, or other loss to follow-up from CHNS. The patterns of change trajectories in BMI were derived by latent class trajectory analysis method. The Fine and Gray regression model was used to estimate HRs with corresponding 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes.ResultsFour patterns of the trajectories of change in BMI were identified among Chinese adults, 42.7% of participants had stable BMI change, 40.8% for moderate BMI gain, 8.9% for substantial BMI gain and 7.7% for weight loss. During the follow-up with mean 11.2 years (158 637 person-years contributed by 14 185 participants), 498 people with type 2 diabetes (3.7%) occurred. Risk of type 2 diabetes was increased by 47% among people who gained BMI more substantially and rapidly (HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.02, p=0.016) and increased by 20% among those in people with the moderate BMI gain (HR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.48, p=0.078), compared with those with stable BMI change.ConclusionsLong-term substantial gain of BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese adults.

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