scholarly journals Effect of Intake of Food Hydrocolloids of Bacterial Origin on the Glycemic Response in Humans: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Norah A. Alshammari ◽  
Moira A. Taylor ◽  
Rebecca Stevenson ◽  
Ourania Gouseti ◽  
Jaber Alyami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Bacterial Origin ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by increased blood glucose levels from dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism. Dietary intervention can help to prevent and manage the disease. Food hydrocolloids have been shown to have favorable properties in relation to glycaemic regulation. However, the use of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin to modulate glucose responses is much less explored than other types of hydrocolloids. We, therefore, carried out the first review examining the impact of intake of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin (as a direct supplement or incorporated into foods) on glycemic response in humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. They used either xanthan gum, pullulan, or dextran as interventions. There was a wide variation in the amount of hydrocolloid supplementation provided and methods of preparation. Postprandial blood glucose responses were reduced in half of the studies, particularly at higher intake levels and longer chain hydrocolloids. When xanthan gum was added to the cooking process of muffins and rice, a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose was observed. The use of these hydrocolloids is potentially effective though more research is needed in this area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any de Castro Ruiz Marques ◽  
Fabiana Percinoto Monteiro Schiavon ◽  
Patricia Batista Travassos ◽  
Vanessa Fontana Eik ◽  
Guilherme Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of low-sugar and High-dietary Fiber Noodles on Glycemic Response in Healthy Humans: A Cross-over Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Sachiyo Hata ◽  
Kazuhiko Kamata ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Restriction Method ◽  
Diet Intake

Abstract Background: Low-carbohydrate diets are popular nutritional therapeutics based on recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (2013). In previous reports, we suggested a new diet-intake restriction method using low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles containing okara and konjac and reported their effect on blood glucose levels in healthy animals and animal models of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to compare the effect of low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles with that of normal wheat noodles on glycemic response in healthy adult men.Methods: The study was a randomized, cross-over design to investigate the effects of normal wheat noodles versus low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles on glucose and insulin responses at 120 min. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after intake of normal wheat noodles or low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles.Results: No abnormalities and side effects were observed in the low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles group. Additionally, in men who consumed low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles, the increase in postprandial blood glucose levels and insulin levels was significantly suppressed compared with that in men who consumed normal wheat noodles. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effectiveness of low-sugar, high-dietary fiber noodles on postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy humans; our findings also suggest that such type of noodles might be beneficial for patients with diabetes or celiac disease who consume noodles.Trial registration: UMIN000023986

scholarly journals The Effect of Moderate Glycemic Energy Bar Consumption on Blood Glucose and Mood in Dancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Brown ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Dance Class ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Bar ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Ingesting quality carbohydrates has been shown to be essential for dancers. Given that most dance classes take place in the morning, it has been recommended that dancers eat a well-balanced breakfast containing carbohydrates, fats, and protein as a means of fueling this activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a moderate glycemic index energy (MGI) bar or a fasting condition on dancers’ blood glucose levels and perceived pleasure-displeasure response during the first dance class of the day. In a randomized counterbalanced design, 10 female preprofessional dance students took their regular scheduled contemporary dance class, on four separate occasions. On each occasion, they consumed either a commercially prepared carbohydrate (CHO)-dense energy bar (47.3 g CHO) or water (FAST). Plasma glucose responses and pleasure-displeasure affect were measured before and at two time points during the class. Dancers who consumed the MGI bar had significantly greater peak blood glucose levels at all time points than those who fasted (p<0.05). Regarding affective state measures, participants who had breakfast had significantly greater pleasure scores than those who only ingested water (p<0.05). In conclusion, results suggest that CHO with an MGI value positively impacts blood glucose concentrations during a dance class. Further, we conclude that skipping breakfast can have an unfavorable effect on the pleasure-displeasure state of dancers. These findings highlight the impact of breakfast on how one feels, as well as the physiological and metabolic benefits of CHO as an exogenous energy source in dancers.

scholarly journals Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Blending Ratios of Rice and Waxy Barley on Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Aoe ◽  
Kozo Komae ◽  
Yutaka Inoue ◽  
Isamu Murata ◽  
Yuki Minegishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Glycemic response of Emblica officinalis powder-incorporated Indian recipes

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonima Venugopal ◽  
Uma Iyer ◽  
Richa Sanghvi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Capillary Sampling ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Overnight Fasting

Purpose Glycemic index (GI) is a physiological basis for ranking carbohydrate foods based on the blood glucose responses they produce after ingestion. Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is a medicinal plant that purportedly has hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the glycemic and lipemic responses of freeze-dried E. officinalis powder-incorporated recipes. Design/methodology/approach Two sets of four equicarbohydrate (50 g) recipes (vegetable cutlet, handvo, muthiya and methi thepla) were developed, one without E. officinalis powder incorporation (standard) and one with E. officinalis powder incorporation at the 2 g level (test). After overnight fasting, 50 g glucose, standard and test recipes were administered to healthy adult volunteers at different instances (each 3–4 days apart) and blood glucose levels were measured using capillary sampling every 15 min for 2 h. The glycemic response and GI values were then calculated. Findings Among the standard recipes, lowest glycemic response was obtained by methi thepla (60.90 ± 15.54) and highest glycemic response by handvo (90.57 ± 33.88). Incorporation of E. officinalis powder brought about a non-significant reduction in the GI of methi thepla (p = 0.94), vegetable cutlet (p = 0.54), muthiya (p = 0.69) and handvo (p = 0.09). Maximum per cent reduction was for handvo, which shifted from the high to medium GI category. The lipemic response was lowest with muthiya, showing a fall in triacylglycerol (TG) levels (3.9%). E. officinalis powder incorporation in muthiya led to a further fall (7.8%) in TG levels. Originality/value Incorporation of freeze-dried E. officinalis powder in Indian recipes can bring about a reduction in the postprandial glycemic and lipemic responses.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Pramod Benkar ◽  
Smita Bhimrao Kanase
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of death and disability in the world and its prevalence is predicted to rise to 10% by 2030. Hence, this study is conducted with objectives to find out the effect of aerobic exercises and resisted exercises on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and to compare the effect of both exercises on blood glucose level.Method: The comparative study was conducted at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Physiotherapy department, Karad. 30 participants with age group between 30 and 65 years were taken. Subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A (15) participants were given aerobic exercise on static bicycle, and Group B (15) participants were given resistance training using dumbbells and weight cuffs for 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Diet recommendations were given to every participant.Results: Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired t-test. Analysis showed statistically extremely significant difference in fasting blood glucose level and postprandial blood glucose level in both the groups (p≤0.0001).Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that both aerobic exercises and resistance training prove to be beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM subjects.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of a Combined Andrographis paniculata and Caesalpinia sappan Extract in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Febrika Wediasari ◽  
Gumilar A. Nugroho ◽  
Zahra Fadhilah ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Heri Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Researchers usually use herbal combinations to explore and develop traditional medicine to obtain additional benefits in the treatment of diseases, including diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the combination of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex Nees and Caesalpinia sappan Linn extract (APCSE) on diabetes-induced rats. There has not been sufficient research on this combination; however, single extract studies of these plants have been widely conducted. Materials and Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats (160–200 g) were induced by injecting a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg BW) twice and fed with a high-fat diet containing 25% fat, whereas control animals received only standard feed. Rats were treated with APCSE at doses of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg BW for seven days and compared to the APE and CSE groups treated with the extract at 100 mg, respectively. For the control group, rats were treated with metformin with a dose of 250 mg/kg. The antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects were determined by measuring blood glucose levels and lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL). To assess the impact of the extract on pancreatic and adipose tissue, the number of pancreatic beta cells and adipocytes was evaluated through histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Results and Discussion. In a nonfasting state, the blood glucose change in APCSE 200 mg was 18.65% and was significantly lower from the DM group. However, a single extract of APE and CSE showed lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the combined extract. Lipid profiles show no significant differences in cholesterol levels between groups; however, all treatment groups, including metformin, showed higher triglyceride levels. The APE-treated group showed significantly lower HDL and LDL, whereas CSE only showed lower LDL. The β-cell number was significantly higher after treatment with single extract CSE. The CSE and the combined extract groups showed hyperplasia adipocytes. Conclusion. The combined extract of APCSE has a moderate antihyperglycemic effect; however, a single extract may have better potential than the combined extract.

scholarly journals Effects of metformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy on gut microbiota in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchun Zhang ◽  
Rilu Feng ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Cheng Qian ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

ObjectiveRecent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota was closely related to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic medications including metformin, acarbose and sitagliptin lowered blood glucose levels via acting on the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to observe the comparisons among those medications on gut microbiota composition.Research design and methodsZucker diabetic fatty rats (n=32) were randomly divided into four groups, and had respectively gastric administration of normal saline (control), metformin (215.15 mg/kg/day), acarbose (32.27 mg/kg/day), or sitagliptin (10.76 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured during an intragastric starch tolerance test after the treatments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the microbiota in the fecal samples.ResultsMetformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy effectively decreased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels (p<0.001). Acarbose group displayed specific cluster and enterotype mainly composed byRuminococcus 2whileLactobacilluswas the dominant bacterium in the enterotype of the other three groups. The relative abundance of generaRuminococcus 2andBifidobacteriumwas dramatically higher in acarbose group. Metformin and sitagliptin increased the relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus. Metagenomic prediction showed that the functional profiles of carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in acarbose group.ConclusionsMetformin, acarbose and sitagliptin exerted different effects on the composition of gut microbiota and selectively increased the beneficial bacteria. Supplementation with specific probiotics may further improve the hypoglycemic effects of the antidiabetic drugs.

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