scholarly journals Does Each Menstrual Cycle Elicit a Distinct Effect on Olfactory and Gustatory Perception?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2509
Author(s):  
Žana Stanić ◽  
Ajka Pribisalić ◽  
Maria Bošković ◽  
Jasna Bućan Cvitanić ◽  
Kristina Boban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Intensity Perception ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle ◽  
Sweet Solution ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Gustatory Perception ◽  
One Way Anova

The obesity pandemic has brought forth a scientific interest in food intake and sensory perception interactions. Olfactory perception and gustatory perception are very complex and under the influence of many factors, including the menstrual cycle. This study aims to clarify conflicting findings on the influence of the menstrual cycle on olfactory and gustatory perception. Women were assessed during four consecutive phases of one complete cycle (mid-follicular, ovulatory, mid-luteal, and late luteal phases (N = 21)), in contrast to women measured across the same phases belonging to two menstrual cycles (N = 29). Additional control groups were men (N = 17), postmenopausal women (N = 14), oral contraceptive users (N = 10), and women with an anovulatory cycle (N = 8). Olfactory threshold, odor discrimination, and identification were tested using the “Sniffin Sticks“ test kit. Suprathreshold intensity and hedonic ratings for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions were assessed. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measurements was applied in the analysis, along with linear and trigonometric data fitting and linear mixed models. Linear increases in olfactory discrimination, identification, and overall olfactory performance were observed only in women followed across a complete menstrual cycle. Compared to other groups, these women displayed a cyclic pattern characterized by a predilection for sweet solution; reduced distaste for salty and sour solutions; and increased intensity perception of salty, sour, and bitter solutions towards the end of the cycle. These results suggest that a distinct hormonal milieu of a complete menstrual cycle may be affecting both olfactory and gustatory perception.

scholarly journals Dream Recall and Content versus the Menstrual Cycle: A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ilias ◽  
Nicholas-Tiberio Economou ◽  
Anastasia Lekkou ◽  
Andrea Romigi ◽  
Eftychia Koukkou
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Hormonal Milieu

The association between sleep and the menstrual cycle has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to investigate the association between dream recall and content and the menstrual cycle among a large sample of young women. To this aim, 944 women were asked about their day of menstrual cycle, whether they remembered the previous night’s dreams and if they did so to describe the dream content as pleasant or unpleasant. A total of 378 women recalled the previous nights’ dreams, with 199 reporting pleasant dream affect/content and 179 reporting unpleasant dream content. In women who recalled their dreams, there was an association of pleasant dream content with the luteal phase (p = 0.038). In conclusion, in women, the hormonal milieu of the luteal phase may influence dream content.

scholarly journals Influence of female hormonal fluctuation on maximum occlusal force

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Thaís Marques Simek Vega Gonçalves ◽  
Lucíola Maria Rodrigues de Vasconcelos ◽  
Wander José da Silva ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Molar Region ◽  
Hormonal Levels

Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may influence on muscular tensions and probably alter occlusal force. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hormonal levels affect maximum occlusal force (MOF) of healthy women throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Sixty complete dentate subjects who were not under use of oral contraceptives were selected to participate in this study. MOF was bilaterally evaluated on the molar region, during 3 complete menstrual cycles, using 5.65 mm-wide sensors. Measurements were carried out during each of the following menstrual cycle phases: menstrual, follicular, periovulatory and luteal, presumed by ovulation test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). Comparisons among menstrual cycle phases showed no differences on MOF (p=0.27). Under the conditions of this study, it may be concluded that hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle do not affect MOF of a sample of healthy women.

scholarly journals The Influence of BMI Levels on Phases of the Menstrual Cycle and Presumed Ovulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Mary Grace Lasquety ◽  
Dana Rodriguez ◽  
Richard J. Fehring
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
One Way Anova

Obesity and high body mass index (BMI) are known to be risks for anovulation and infertility. Little is known about how BMI levels affect parameters of the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of BMI on parameters of the menstrual cycle and the likelihood for ovulation. The participants in this study were 244 women between the ages of twenty and fifty-four (mean thirty years) who charted from one to thirty-six menstrual cycles (mean seven cycles) for a total of 2,035 cycles. Urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) threshold tests were used to estimate the day of ovulation and the lengths of the follicular and luteal phases. The 244 participants were classified as normal weight with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (N = 141), overweight with a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 (N = 67), and obese with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater (N = 36). One-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between groups in length of the luteal phase (F = 4.62, p < 0.01) and length of menses (F = 3.03, p < 0.05). Odds ratio indicated that the combined obese and overweight group was 34 percent less likely to have a positive detected urinary LH surge. We concluded that obesity might contribute to infertility by shortening the luteal phase and decreasing the probability of ovulatory menstrual cycles.

Estradiol and progesterone levels in the endometrium and the reproductive tract luminal washing during the pre-implantation stages of gestation in the rhesus monkey

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ghosh ◽  
Jayasree Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

Abstract. To obtain an understanding of the sex steroid hormonal milieu during early gestation, the concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone were measured in endometria and reproductive tract luminal fluids collected during the post-ovulatory period (days 2 to 6) of conception, and of non-mated menstrual cycles of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Estradiol content was found to be higher (P< 0.05) in endometria obtained from conception cycles; day-wise analysis revealed higher (P< 0.05) level of tissue estradiol concentration on day 6 of post-ovulation as compared with the normal menstrual cycle. Endometrial progesterone content remained, however, unaltered in both groups of monkeys and thus relatively lower (P< 0.05) endometrial progesterone to estradiol ratios were seen on days 4, 5 and 6 of gestation compared with normal menstrual cycle. There were no significant changes in the profiles and concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in luminal washings. The typical sex steroid hormonal milieu observed in the endometrium during the peri-implantation stage of gestation in conception cycle may be related to the endometrial differentiation towards implantation in the rhesus monkey.

scholarly journals Urinary Phytoestrogens and Relationship to Menstrual Cycle Length and Variability Among Healthy, Eumenorrheic Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay D Levine ◽  
Keewan Kim ◽  
Alexandra Purdue-Smithe ◽  
Rajeshwari Sundaram ◽  
Enrique F Schisterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Length ◽  
Hormonal Milieu

Abstract Context Phytoestrogens may influence fecundability, although biological mechanisms remain elusive. Since it is hypothesized that phytoestrogens may act through influencing hormone levels, we investigated associations between phytoestrogens and menstrual cycle length, a proxy for the hormonal milieu, in healthy women attempting pregnancy. Design A population-based prospective cohort of 326 women ages 18 to 40 with self-reported cycles of 21 to 42 days were followed until pregnancy or for 12 months of attempting pregnancy. Methods Urinary genistein, daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol, and enterolactone were measured upon enrollment. Cycle length was determined from fertility monitors and daily journals. Linear mixed models assessed associations with continuous cycle length and were weighted by the inverse number of observed cycles. Logistic regression models assessed menstrual regularity (standard deviation &gt; 75th vs ≤ 75th percentile). Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, race, creatinine, exercise, supplements, lipids, lead, cadmium, cotinine, parity, alcohol, and other phytoestrogens. Results Individual phytoestrogens were not associated with cycle length, although total phytoestrogens were associated with shorter cycles (−0.042 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.080 to −0.003, per 10% increase). Each 1 nmol/L increase in enterolactone (odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97) and total lignans (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.95) was associated with reduced irregularity, and each 1 nmol/L increase in genistein with irregularity (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38). Conclusion Phytoestrogens were not meaningfully associated with cycle length but may be associated with menstrual regularity, among women with self-reported regular cycles. These results highlight differences between isoflavones and lignans and are reassuring for women attempting pregnancy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Aerobic-Anaerobic Capacity and Muscle Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bereket Köse
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Maximal Strength

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of menstrual cycle phases on aerobic-anaerobic capacity and muscle strength. 10 female kickboxing athletes with an average age of 21.40±2.01 years; average height of 169.60±6.14 cm; average weight of 63.90±5.76 kg and average training age of 7.41±2.10 participated in the study. On the first day, maximal strength (1RM), strength endurance, wingate anaerobic power and capacity test (WAnT) were conducted and aerobic measurements were taken the next day. The measurements were conducted in follicular phase on the days 2-3rd of menstrual bleeding, in mid-follicular phase on 8-9th days and in luteal phase on 22-23th days. The data were analyzed with Friedman repeated measurements variance analysis. According to the results of the study, it was found that kickboxing athletes’ aerobic-anaerobic capacity, 1RM, strength endurance and heart rate (HR) were not affected by follicular phase, mid-follicular phase and luteal phase (p>0.005). As a conclusion, it can be said that menstrual cycle does not influence performance parameters such as muscle strength, muscle endurance and aerobic-anaerobic capacity.

scholarly journals Recommendations and Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes: Health and Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Holtzman ◽  
Kathryn E. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Menstrual Patterns ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Future Work

AbstractOptimal nutrition is an important aspect of an athlete’s preparation to achieve optimal health and performance. While general concepts about micro- and macronutrients and timing of food and fluids are addressed in sports science, rarely are the specific effects of women’s physiology on energy and fluid needs highly considered in research or clinical practice. Women differ from men not only in size, but in body composition and hormonal milieu, and also differ from one another. Their monthly hormonal cycles, with fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone, have varying effects on metabolism and fluid retention. Such cycles can change from month to month, can be suppressed with exogenous hormones, and may even be manipulated to capitalize on ideal timing for performance. But before such physiology can be manipulated, its relationship with nutrition and performance must be understood. This review will address general concepts regarding substrate metabolism in women versus men, common menstrual patterns of female athletes, nutrient and hydration needs during different phases of the menstrual cycle, and health and performance issues related to menstrual cycle disruption. We will discuss up-to-date recommendations for fueling female athletes, describe areas that require further exploration, and address methodological considerations to inform future work in this important area.

scholarly journals Role of Phala Ghruta Uttarabasti in the management of female infertility w.s.r to follicular study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Suvarna P. Nidagundi ◽  
Savita S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Fertile Period ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle ◽  
Before And After

Background: Streevandhyatva or Female Infertility is a Gynaecological disorder. The etiological factors include the defect in the immature Sperm and Ovum during the fertile period. Incidence rate according to W.H.O is 20-30% is primary while 70-80% of cases are secondary Infertility. Now a day’s maximum number of Female Infertility is due to sedentary lifestyle, Psychological factors, Nutritional deficiency and Stress leads to different condition like PCOD, Obesity, Irregular Menstrual cycle and anovulatory cycle etc. The present study was carried out as a pilot study on 10 subjects of female infertility with the use of Phalagruta Uttarabasti followed by Prakshalana and Pichudharana. Three to five consecutive cycles of Phalagruta Uttarabasti was administered, Posology - Uttarabasti with Phalagruta 5ml daily for 3 days. Diagnostic criteria - Patients are diagnosed based on signs and symptoms like anovulation, PCOD etc., before and after treatment with USG. Results - Among 10 patients, 4 patients - Well response, 2 patients - Improved with follicular study, 3 patients - Poor responded, 1 Patient discontinued the study.

scholarly journals Stability of proposed biomarkers of prenatal androgen exposure over the menstrual cycle

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Barrett ◽  
L. E. Parlett ◽  
S. H. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Androgen Exposure ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

The prenatal hormonal milieu is widely believed to shape health later in life; however, there are considerable methodological challenges associated with measuring the in utero hormonal environment. Two potential biomarkers of prenatal androgen exposure that can be measured postnatally have been proposed: anogenital distance (AGD) and the ratio of the second to fourth digits of the hand (2D:4D). Although both measures are widely used research tools, their use in adult women may be complicated by the dramatic fluctuations in reproductive hormones across the menstrual cycle. To determine whether there is cyclical variation in these biomarkers, we conducted a longitudinal study of 12 naturally cycling, nulliparous adult women. Trained examiners assessed two measures of AGD [anus to clitoris (AGD-AC) and anus to fourchette (AGD-AF)] and 2D:4D in both hands for the duration of three menstrual cycles, taking measurements during the follicular, peri-ovulatory and luteal phases of each cycle. Despite the small sample size, longer (more masculine) AGD was associated with lower (more masculine) digit ratios, as predicted by the literature. Using multi-level linear regression models, we found that AGD and 2D:4D measurements did not differ significantly across cycle phases. AGD-AF and digit ratios in both hands were associated with age at menarche, suggesting a possible common developmental trajectory. These results demonstrate that AGD and 2D:4D are stable across the menstrual cycle. In addition, research is needed to determine how reliably these measures reflect the in utero hormonal milieu.

PREGNANETRIOL, PREGNANEDIOL AND OESTROGEN EXCRETION DURING ANOVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES AND IN A PREMENOPAUSAL ADRENALECTOMIZED WOMAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. FOTHERBY ◽  
J. B. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle

SUMMARY The urinary excretion of pregnanetriol, pregnanediol and oestrogens was measured throughout five anovulatory cycles in three subjects, and throughout an anovulatory cycle and an ovulatory cycle in an adrenalectomized subject. Cyclical changes in pregnanetriol excretion, which paralleled the changes in oestrogen output, were observed during some of the anovulatory cycles and also during the ovulatory cycle in the adrenalectomized subject. These findings suggest that one factor contributing to the increase in pregnanetriol excretion during the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle is the secretion by the ovary, at times of maximal oestrogen secretion, of a precursor (possibly 17α-hydroxyprogesterone) common to both oestrogens and pregnanetriol. However, that other factors are probably also involved is suggested by the particular pattern of pregnanetriol excretion during the normal ovulatory cycle and by the finding that the increase in pregnanetriol excretion at about the time of ovulation is usually greater than the increase found in the anovulatory cycle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document