scholarly journals A Higher Intake of Energy at Dinner Is Associated with Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3035
Author(s):  
Ygor Hermenegildo-López ◽  
Carolina Donat-Vargas ◽  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Belén Moreno-Franco ◽  
Monserrat Rodríguez-Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
Fourth Quartile

A higher energy intake (EI) at night has been associated with a higher risk of obesity, while a higher EI at lunch may protect against weight gain. This study examined the association between EI throughout the day and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among older adults. A cohort of 607 individuals aged ≥ 60 free from MetS at baseline was followed from 2008–2010 until 2015. At baseline, habitual EI was assessed on six eating occasions: breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner, and snacking. MetS was defined according to the harmonized definition. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders, including total EI, diet quality, and physical activity/sedentary behavior. During follow-up, 101 new MetS cases occurred. Compared to the lowest sex-specific quartile of EI at dinner, the OR (95% confidence interval) for incident MetS were: 1.71 (0.85–3.46) in the second, 1.70 (0.81–3.54) in the third, and 2.57 (1.14–5.79) in the fourth quartile (p-trend: 0.034). Elevated waist circumference and triglycerides were the MetS components that most contributed to this association. A higher EI at dinner was associated with a higher risk of MetS in older adults. Reducing EI at dinner might be a simple strategy to prevent MetS.

Associations between participation in, intensity of, and time spent on leisure time physical activity and risk of inflammatory bowel disease among older adults (PA-IBD): A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Fogh Rasmussen ◽  
Bodil Hammer Bech ◽  
Katrine Hass Rubin ◽  
Vibeke Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are diseases of the immune system that share some genetic and lifestyle-related predisposing factors. Increasing incidences have been reported in all age groups. Based on experimental studies suggesting a role of physical activity on intestinal inflammation, this study aimed to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity and the risk of IBD in older adults. Methods The study is a prospective cohort study using Danish registry data and questionnaire data from the Danish “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort. The outcome IBD was defined as having at least two diagnoses of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis registered in the National Patient Registry during follow-up between December 1993 and May 1997 until December 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for IBD onset associated with being physically active and with levels of the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours/week of physical activity and hours/week spent on six types of physical activity. Results In total, 54 645 men and women aged 50-64 years were included, and thereof 529 cases. When comparing physically active with inactive participants measured by MET hours/week there was no statistically significant difference in risk of IBD (0.89 [0.13; 6.27]), neither when measured as participation in six types of activities. Results did not indicate any dose-response effect when comparing quartile groups of MET hours/week or of five of the six types of activities. For do-it-yourself-work, the third quartile of hours/week was associated with a higher risk of IBD compared to the second quartile (HR=1.44 [1.10 ; 1.90]. No effect modification was found. Conclusions There was no association between physical activity and risk of IBD when comparing physically active with inactive participants. Neither did the results indicate any dose-response effect when comparing quartile groups of MET hours/week. Do-it-yourself work, however, seemed to be associated with a higher risk of IBD when comparing the third quartile with the second quartile. The study has clinical relevance by its contribution to the explanatory field of the causes of IBD. However, further research is needed to clarify associations between physical activity and risk of IBD.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic differences in incident metabolic syndrome in adults: the mediation of health behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Hoveling ◽  
A C Liefbroer ◽  
U Bültmann ◽  
N Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Introduction The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) strongly varies by socioeconomic status (SES). Health behaviors could be one of the mechanisms explaining the SES-MetS relationship, but little is known about their mediating role. This study aims to longitudinally asses the association between SES measures, education, income and occupational prestige, and incident MetS and whether the associations are mediated by health behaviors, including physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking and diet quality. Methods A subsample of the adult Lifelines Cohort Study, including 85,910 participants without MetS at baseline was used. MetS was measured at the second assessment (follow-up time 3.8 years) defined according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Direct associations between SES, health behaviors and incident MetS were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The mediating percentages of health behaviors explaining the associations between SES and incident MetS were estimated using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. Analyses were independent of age, sex, the other SES measures and follow-up time. Results Education (OR 0.92, 99% CI: 0.91-0.94) and occupational prestige (OR 0.94, 99% CI: 0.91-0.97) were inversely associated with MetS. Income was not associated with MetS. Health behaviors explained only partly (13.8%) the association between education and MetS, with smoking as the strongest mediating factor (8.6%). Health behaviors played a minor role (2.7%) in explaining occupational MetS differences, with physical activity as the strongest suppressing factor (-10.4%). Conclusions Individuals with more years of education or a higher occupational prestige showed a decreased risk of developing MetS. This was mainly because of non-smoking, less often excessive alcohol drinking and a higher diet quality; however, they were more often physically inactive. Key messages Education and occupational prestige are inversely associated with MetS incidence. Health behaviors explain a small part of the SES – MetS incidence pathway, with smoking as the largest contributor.

scholarly journals Four Eating Behaviors That Might Prevent Metabolic Syndrome Onset in Older Adults: Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 241-241
Author(s):  
Sayori Wada ◽  
Masahide Hamaguchi ◽  
Nami Nakabe ◽  
Miho Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Japanese Older Adults

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer, the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Although eating behaviors may have an impact on the risk of MetS, exactly which behaviors can prevent MetS is not fully elucidated. We evaluated the onset of MetS in relation to eating behaviors among Japanese older adults aged 65 to 93. We enrolled individuals who underwent health check-ups between April 2008 and March 2019, and performed a nine-year follow-up in this cohort study. Cox regression models were used to compare hazard ratios for MetS onset. Among the 2,661 older adults included, the mean age was 70.21 ± 0.089 years and 46% were women. During a mean follow-up of 1567.3 ± 19.3 months, 499 candidates (18%) developed MetS. The risk of MetS was significantly low in subjects in the “often eat vegetables” and “eat more than 30 items daily” groups (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.721 (0.595–0.872), p = 0.001; and 0.690 (0.545–0.874), p = 0.002, vs without the behavior, respectively). On the contrary, the risk of MetS was significantly higher in subjects in the “eat quickly” and “eat out more than twice a day” groups (HR (95% CI): 1.442 (1.208–1.721), p < 0.001; and 1.534 (1.245–1.890), p < 0.001, vs without the behavior, respectively). Four eating behaviors—regular vegetable consumption, eating more than 30 items daily, eating slowly, and refraining from eating out too often—might be beneficial with regard to preventing the onset of MetS.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood walkability and physical activity: moderating role of a physical activity intervention in overweight and obese older adults with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Colom ◽  
Suzanne Mavoa ◽  
Maurici Ruiz ◽  
Julia Wärnberg ◽  
Josep Muncunill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Walkability Index ◽  
Neighbourhood Walkability

Abstract Background While urban built environments might promote active ageing, an infrequently studied question is how the neighbourhood walkability modulates physical activity changes during a physical activity intervention programme in older adults. We assessed the influence of objectively assessed neighbourhood walkability on the change in physical activity during the intervention programme used in the ongoing PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus trial. Method The present study involved 228 PREDIMED-Plus senior participants aged between 55 and 75, recruited in Palma de Mallorca (Spain). Overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome were randomised to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention or a control group. A walkability index (residential density, land use mix, intersections density) was calculated using geographic information systems (1 km sausage-network buffer). Physical activity was assessed using accelerometer and a validated questionnaire, at baseline and two follow-up visits (6-months and 1-year later). Generalised additive mixed models were fitted to estimate the association between the neighbourhood walkability index and changes in physical activity during follow-up. Results Higher neighbourhood walkability (1 z-score increment) was associated with moderate-to-vigorous accelerometer assessed physical activity duration, (β = 3.44; 95% CI = 0.52; 6.36 min/day). When analyses were stratified by intervention arm, the association was only observed in the intervention group (β = 6.357; 95% CI = 2.07;10.64 min/day) (P for interaction = 0.055). Conclusions The results indicate that the walkability of the neighbourhood could support a physical activity intervention, helping to maintain or increase older adults’ physical activity.

Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Cecilia Godoi Campos ◽  
Josélia OA Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Positive Association of Overactivated Immunity with Metabolic Syndrome Risk and Mitigation of Its Association by a Plant-Based Diet and Physical Activity in a Large Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Hba1c

The association between immunity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been studied, but its interaction with lifestyles remains unclear. We studied their association and interactions with lifestyles in 40,768 adults aged over 40 years from a large-scale, hospital-based cohort study collected during 2010–2013. White blood cell counts (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein concentrations (CRP) were used as indexes of immune status. The participants were categorized into four groups by the cutoff points of 6.2 × 109/L WBC(L-WBC) and <0.5 mg/dL CRP(L-CRP): L-WBC+L-CRP(n = 25,604), H-WBC+L-CRP(n = 13,880), L-WBC+H-CRP(n = 464), and H-WBC+H-CRP(n = 820). The participants in the H-WBC+L-CRP were younger and had higher numbers of males than the L-WBC+L-CRP. MetS risk was higher by 1.75- and 1.86-fold in the H-WBC+L-CRP and H-WBC+H-CRP, respectively, than the L-WBC+L-CRP. MetS components, including plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and SBP were elevated in H-WBC+L-CRP and H-WBC+H-CRP compared with L-WBC+L-CR+P. The risk of hyperglycemia and high HbA1c was the highest in the H-WBC+H-CRP among all groups. Areas of WBC counts and serum CRP concentrations were 0.637 and 0.672, respectively, in the receiver operating characteristic curve. Daily intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was not significantly different in the groups based on WBC counts and CRP. However, a plant-based diet (PBD), physical activity, and non-smoking were related to lowering WBC counts and CRP, but a Western-style diet was linked to elevating CRP. A high PBD intake and smoking status interacted with immunity to influence MetS risk: a low PBD and current smoking were associated with a higher MetS risk in the H-WBC+H-CRP. In conclusion, overactivated immunity determined by CRP and WBC was associated with MetS risk. Behavior modification with PBD and physical activity might be related to immunity regulation.

scholarly journals Cohort study of ageing from Bagé (SIGa-Bagé), Brazil: profile and methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Thumé ◽  
Marciane Kessler ◽  
Karla P. Machado ◽  
Bruno P. Nunes ◽  
Pamela M. Volz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Bagé Cohort Study of Ageing is a population-based cohort study that has recently completed the first follow-up of a representative sample of older adults from Bagé, a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is one of the first longitudinal studies to assess the impact of primary health care coverage on health conditions and inequalities. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence, incidence and trends of risk factors, health behaviours, social relationships, non-communicable diseases, geriatric diseases and disorders, hospitalisation, self-perceived health, and all-cause and specific-cause mortality. In addition, we aim to evaluate socioeconomic and health inequalities and the impact of primary health care on the outcomes under study. Methods/design The study covers participants aged 60 or over, selected by probabilistic (representative) sampling of the urban area of the city of Bagé, which is covered by Primary Health Care Services. The baseline examination included 1593 older adults and was conducted from July 2008 to November 2008. After eight to nine years (2016/2017), the first follow-up was conducted from September 2016 to August 2017. All participants underwent an extensive core assessment programme including structured interviews, questionnaires, cognitive testing (baseline and follow-up), physical examinations and anthropometric measurements (follow-up). Results Of the original participants, 1395 (87.6%) were located for follow-up: 757 elderly individuals (47.5%) were re-interviewed, but losses in data transfer occurred for 22. The remaining 638 (40.1%) had died. In addition, we had 81 (5.1%) refusals and 117 (7.3%) losses. Among the 1373 older adults who were followed down, there was a higher proportion of female interviewees (p=0.042) and a higher proportion of male deaths (p=0.001) in 2016/2017. There were no differences in losses and refusals according to gender (p=0.102). There was a difference in average age between the interviewees (68.8 years; SD ±6.5) and non-interviewees (73.2 years; SD ±9.0) (p<0.001). Data are available at the Department of Social Medicine in Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for any collaboration.

Prospective Associations of Physical Frailty With Future Falls and Fear of Falling: A 48-Month Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Makino ◽  
S Lee ◽  
S Bae ◽  
I Chiba ◽  
K Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to examine the prospective associations of physical frailty with future falls and fear of falling (FOF) among community-dwelling older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study with a 48-month follow-up was conducted in a Japanese community. Participants were 2469 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who completed baseline and follow-up assessments at intervals of 48±2 months. Primary outcomes were recent falls (defined as at least one fall within the past year) and FOF (determined by response to “Are you afraid of falling?”) at follow-up survey. Physical frailty, operationalized by the frailty phenotype (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) based on the criteria of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), was also assessed as a predictor of future falls and FOF. Results Multivariate logistic regression showed that pre-frailty or frailty increase the risk of not only future falls (OR: 1.57; 95%CI = 1.20-2.05) but also FOF (OR: 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05-1.69). In addition, the relationship between baseline frailty status and future falls remained significant after adjusting for baseline FOF (OR: 1.55; 95%CI = 1.19-2.02), and the relationship between baseline frailty status and future FOF also remained significant after adjusting for baseline falls (OR: 1.32; 95%CI = 1.04-1.68). Conclusions Frailty status may predict future falls and FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Strategies to prevent frailty may be beneficial to prevent not only future falls but also future FOF in a community setting. Impact Falls and FOF have a close relationship but a different clinical meaning. Older adults with physical frailty may require monitoring as high-risk not only for falls but also for FOF.

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