scholarly journals Changes in Circulating Metabolites during Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance in Relation to Cardiometabolic Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4289
Author(s):  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Joanne A. Harrold ◽  
Thea T. Hansen ◽  
Jason C. G. Halford ◽  
Anders Sjödin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

(1) Background: There is a substantial lack of knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms by which weight loss and weight regain exert their beneficial and adverse effects, respectively, on cardiometabolic outcomes. We examined associations between changes in circulating metabolites and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors during diet-induced weight loss and weight loss maintenance. (2) Methods: This prospective analysis of data from the Satiety Innovation (SATIN) study involved adults living with overweight and obesity (mean age=47.5). One hundred sixty-two subjects achieving ≥8% weight loss during an initial 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD) were included in a 12-week weight loss maintenance period. Circulating metabolites (m=123) were profiled using a targeted multiplatform approach. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models. (3) Results: Decreases in the concentrations of several phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins (SMs), and valine were consistently associated with decreases in total (TChol) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels during the LCD. Increases in PCs and SMs were significantly associated with increases in TChol and LDL-C during the weight loss maintenance period. Decreases and increases in PCs during LCD and maintenance period, respectively, were associated with decreases in the levels of triglycerides. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that decreases in circulating PCs and SMs during weight loss and the subsequent weight loss maintenance period may decrease the cardiovascular risk through impacting TChol and LDL-C.

scholarly journals Durability of Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Adolescents After Sleeve Gastrectomy: First Study with 9-Year Follow-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahiba Elhag ◽  
Walid El Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Comorbidity Resolution

Abstract Background Long-term durability of weight loss and comorbidity resolution beyond 7 years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) among adolescents is completely lacking. Methods Retrospective review of adolescents aged ≤ 18 years who underwent primary LSG at our institution between 2011 and 2015 (N = 146). We assessed anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 years. Results Follow-up rates were 57.53%, 82.87%, 85.24%, 83.92%, and 83.33% at the five time points. The preoperative mean body mass index (BMI) (45.60 ± 6.50 kg/m2) decreased at year 1 (30.04 ± 4.96 kg/m2, P=0.001) and was maintained up to 9 years (30.20 ± 3.92 kg/m2, P = 0.001). Remission rates were triglycerides, 100% (11/11) at 5 years, and 100% (1/1) at 9 years; high density lipoprotein, 89.4% (17/19) at 5 years, and 100% (3/3) at 7 years; low density lipoprotein, 71.4% (11/14) and 100% (3/3) at 5 and 7 years; total cholesterol, 70% (7/10) at 5 years, and 100% (2/2) at 9 years; uric acid, 100% (3/3) at 5 years. Remission of liver enzymes was 84.6–100% (22/26–2/2) at 5–9 years. Prediabetes remission was 87.5% (14/16 and 7/8) at 5 and 7 years and 100% (3/3) at year 9. Type 2 diabetes complete remission was 50% (3/6, 1/2) at years 5 and 7, with all cases resolved at 9 years. The only case of hypertension completely resolved. Conclusions LSG achieved substantial weight loss and remission of cardiometabolic risk factors that were sustained on the long term. This is the first study among adolescents to assess such outcomes beyond 7 years. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Preliminary Results of CitraVes™ Effects on Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Waist Circumference in Healthy Subjects after 12 Weeks: A Pilot Open-Label Study

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Stefania Raimondo ◽  
Dragana Nikolic ◽  
Alice Conigliaro ◽  
Gianluca Giavaresi ◽  
Bruna Lo Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study

Appropriate monitoring and control of modifiable risk factors, such as the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other types of dyslipidemia, have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently, various nutraceuticals with lipid-lowering effects have gained attention. In addition to the plant-derived bioactive compounds, recent studies suggested that plant cells are able to release small lipoproteic structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). The interaction between EVs and mammalian cells could lead to beneficial effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to assess the safety of the new patented plant-based product citraVes™, containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck juice, and to investigate its ability to modulate different CV risk factors in healthy subjects. A cohort of 20 healthy volunteers was recruited in a prospective open-label study. All participants received the supplement in a spray-dried formulation at a stable dose of 1000 mg/day for 3 months. Anthropometric and hematobiochemical parameters were analyzed at the baseline and after the follow-up period of 1 and 3 months. We observed that the supplement has an effect on two key factors of cardiometabolic risk in healthy subjects. A significant change in waist circumference was found in women after 4 (85.4 [79.9, 91.0] cm, p < 0.005) and 12 (85.0 [80.0, 90.0] cm, p < 0.0005) weeks, when compared to the baseline value (87.6 [81.7, 93.6] cm). No difference was found in men (baseline: 100.3 [95.4, 105.2] cm; 4 weeks: 102.0 [95.7, 108.3] cm; 12 weeks: 100.0 [95.3, 104.7] cm). The level of LDL-C was significantly lower at 12 weeks versus 4 weeks (p = 0.0064). Our study evaluated, for the first time, the effects of a natural product containing plant-derived EVs on modifiable risk factors in healthy volunteers. The results support the use of EV extracts to manage cardiometabolic risk factors successfully.

Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fabricio de Souza ◽  
Luciano Acordi da Silva ◽  
Gisele Santinoni Ferreira ◽  
Márcia Mendonça Marcos de Souza ◽  
Franciane Bobinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Stress Markers

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of 12 weeks of karate training on cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Method: Seventy adolescents were randomized into 2 groups: control received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week for 12 weeks, and treatment received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week, plus 3 karate sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The main outcome measure was improvement in cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Results: After the intervention period, the treatment group showed a reduction in resting heart rate (77.86 [10.89]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.86 [8.31]), and triglycerides (75.18 [32.29]) and an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95.64 [42.53]) in relation to pretraining. Regarding oxidative stress markers, there was a reduction in protein carbonylation (0.07 [0.06]) and nitric oxide (1.39 [1.11]) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (0.68 [0.31]) and glutathione (0.11 [0.08]) compared with pretraining. With respect to inflammation, adiponectin increased (14.54 [5.36]) after the intervention when compared with preintervention. Conclusion: The study concluded that the intervention may improve cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Long-term effects need to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Adiponutrin as a Marker of Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Hypertension with Overweight and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
P. G. Kravchun ◽  
◽  
O. I. Kadykova ◽  
U. S. Herasymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and mortality worldwide. Obesity in combination with hypertension continues to attract considerable attention from scientists. Despite the presence of experimental and clinical evidence of mutual burdening of hypertension and obesity, the mechanisms of formation of pathophysiological consequences of such a combination remain insufficiently defined. That is why in recent years an important role is given to the adiponutrin protein. The purpose of the study is to assess the nature of the relationship between adiponutrin levels and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism depending on the duration and degree of hypertension and the degree of obesity in patients with this comorbid pathology. Material and methods. The study included 107 patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of Municipal noncommercial enterprise "Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital No.27" of Kharkiv municipal council. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 58.6±9.88), who had not previously received regular antihypertensive therapy. The control group consisted of 20 age- and sex-appropriate healthy individuals. The level of adiponutrin was determined in 58 patients with hypertension of the 1st - 3rd degrees, aged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 57.5±10.11 years), while hypertension of the 1st degree was diagnosed in 12 (20.7%) patients, hypertension of the 2nd degree - in 16 (27.6%), and hypertension of the 3rd degree - in 30 (51.7%) of the examined patients. Blood pressure was measured in patients in a sitting position after 5 minutes of rest, anthropometric measurements were performed, lipid profile and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated, adiponutrin levels (pg/mL) were determined by enzyme immunoassay method using The RayBio® Adiponutrin Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Kit, (USA). Results and discussion. In all groups of patients with hypertension with overweight and obesity, adiponutrin levels were significantly elevated, and lipid and carbohydrate profiles tended to increase. Significant direct correlations were found between adiponutrine and triglycerides, with very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of a moderate nature, and draws attention with a very high body mass index. In considering the differences in adiponutrin levels depending on gender, it was found that men have higher adiponutrin levels than women. Conclusion. Thus, we have the opportunity to consider adiponutrin as a marker of metabolic disorders

scholarly journals Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and in Those without Cardiovascular Event Depending on Anthropometric Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Józef Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Andrzej Prystupa ◽  
Maciej Polak ◽  
Maria Czubaj-Kowal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Total Antioxidative Status

Obesity is one of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis. This metabolic disorder is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species, which affect the oxidative stress level. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative/antioxidative status and to investigate the correlation between redox markers and anthropometric parameters and body composition in adult patients after myocardial infarction and in individuals without a cardiovascular event in the past. Descriptive data on socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric features and blood samples were collected and categorized into two equal groups: after myocardial infarction (study group (SG), n = 80) and without a cardiovascular event (control group (CG), n = 80). The oxidative/antioxidative status was assessed in plasma on the basis of total oxidative/capacitive status (PerOx), total antioxidative status/capacity (ImAnOx), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). OxLDL was significantly higher in the CG group compared to the SG group (p = 0.02). No significant differences were found with regard to PerOx and ImAnOx values between the studied groups. Significant positive correlation between PerOx and percentage of adipose tissue (FM [%]) and body adiposity index (BAI) was found in the two studied groups. ImAnOx significantly positively correlated with VAI in SG and FM% in CG. OxLDL negatively correlated with body mass index and waist to hip circumference ratio in CG. The total oxidative/antioxidative status is related to the amount of adipose tissue and the BAI of the subjects. It was observed that it correlates more frequently with the visceral distribution of body fat.

scholarly journals Changes in hormonal and metabolic status in men of an ethnic group Komi with overweight and obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
L V Osadchuk ◽  
N V Gutorova ◽  
A Yu Ludinina ◽  
N N Potolitsyna ◽  
E R Bojko
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone

The aim of this study was to compare hormonal, anthropometric and metabolic parameters in men of the komi ethnic group with (n=23, BMI ≥25 kg/м2) or without (n=39, 18.4≤BMI 25 kg/м2) obesity. Totally 62 males living in Komi Republic were included in the study. It has been established that obesity was accompanied by an increase in serum concentrations of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison with control group indicating metabolic disturbance. The data shows the significant effect of BMI on testosterone and FSH serum concentration, but not on LH, estradiol, thyrotrophic hormone, thyroxin and triiodthyronin levels. Overweight and obese men had lower circulating testosterone and higher FSH level in comparison with the controls. The reproductive hormone changes in overweight and obese men can result in deleterious effects on sexual functions including erectile dysfunction, reduced libido and alteration in spermatogenesis

scholarly journals Comparing Weight Loss–Maintenance Outcomes of a Worksite-Based Lifestyle Program Delivered via DVD and Face-to-Face: A Randomized Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Townsend Ing ◽  
Robin E. S. Miyamoto ◽  
Rui Fang ◽  
Mapuana Antonio ◽  
Diane Paloma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Percent Weight Loss ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure

Background. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders have high rates of overweight and obesity compared with other ethnic groups in Hawai‘i. Effective weight loss and weight loss–maintenance programs are needed to address obesity and obesity-related health inequities for this group. Aims. Compare the effectiveness of a 9-month, worksite-based, weight loss–maintenance intervention delivered via DVD versus face-to-face in continued weight reduction and weight loss maintenance beyond the initial weight loss phase. Method. We tested DVD versus face-to-face delivery of the PILI@Work Program’s 9-month, weight loss–maintenance phase in Native Hawaiian–serving organizations. After completing the 3-month weight loss phase, participants ( n = 217) were randomized to receive the weight loss–maintenance phase delivered via trained peer facilitators or DVDs. Participant assessments at randomization and postintervention included weight, height, blood pressure, physical functioning, exercise frequency, and fat intake. Results. Eighty-three face-to-face participants were retained at 12 months (74.1%) compared with 73 DVD participants (69.5%). There was no significant difference between groups in weight loss or weight loss maintenance. The number of lessons attended in Phase 1 of the intervention (β = 0.358, p = .022) and baseline systolic blood pressure (β = −0.038, p = .048) predicted percent weight loss at 12 months. Discussion and Conclusion. Weight loss maintenance was similar across groups. This suggests that low-cost delivery methods for worksite-based interventions targeting at-risk populations can help address obesity and obesity-related disparities. Additionally, attendance during the weight loss phase and lower baseline systolic blood pressure predicted greater percent weight loss during the weight loss–maintenance phase, suggesting that early engagement and initial physical functioning improve long-term weight loss outcomes.

Cardiometabolic Benefits of Intermittent Fasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Krista A. Varady ◽  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Kelsey Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Clinically Significant

This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here—alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)—produced mild to moderate weight loss (1–8% from baseline) and consistent reductions in energy intake (10–30% from baseline). These regimens may benefit cardiometabolic health by decreasing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also lowered, but findings are variable. Other health benefits, such as improved appetite regulation and favorable changes in the diversity of the gut microbiome, have also been demonstrated, but evidence for these effects is limited. Intermittent fasting is generally safe and does not result in energy level disturbances or increased disordered eating behaviors. In summary, intermittent fasting is a safe diet therapy that can produce clinically significant weight loss (>5%) and improve several markers of metabolic health in individuals with obesity.

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